Nav Rules Flashcards

Question

Rule 3 Name types of vessels

Answer 1

Non displacement means hover craft WIG means wing in ground international only Sailing under sail no power on Engaged in fishing means nets, lines, trawls, which restrict maneuverability Not trolling NUC not under command RAM nature of work restricts ability to maneuver and so is unable to keep out of way of other vessels according to rules Seaplane should have Captains license CBD constrained by draft international only

Answer 2

Can see each other. Visible Restricted visibility is by fog, rain, snow, but not night

Answer 3

Mississippi and its tributaries Not Hudson river

Answer 4

Great Lakes and connecting tributaries - Calumet to Obrien locks, Chicago river to Ashland ave Inland waters is navigable waters of US shoreward of the navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters

Answer 5

Every vessel shall maintain at all times a proper look out by sight and hearing as well as by any other means appropriate for conditions and circumstances to make a full appraisal of risk of collision

Answer 6

Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so can take proper and effective action to avoid a collision and be able to stop within a distance appropriate to circustances and conditions Safe speed involves visibility, traffic, maneuverability of vessel, state of water like wind, waves, current, debris in water, at night the confusion of other lights and proximity of navigational hazards, draft in relation to available water plus with operational radar within limits of radar equipment, range of scale, conditions and how radar interprets, the more exact assessment of visibility that may be possible when radar is used to determine range of vessels and other objects.

Answer 7

Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to circumstances to determine if risk of collision exists. If in doubt risk is deemed to exist Use radar if available, including long range, radar plotting Risk is deemed to exist if compass bearing of approaching vessel does not change appreciably Even so, risk may exist with very large vessels, or when approaching vessels at very close range or a Tow

Answer 8

Rule 7 Constant Bearing Decreasing Range shows risk of collision even with bearing change, large ships, tows or very close may still pose risk

Answer 9

Action taken to avoid collision shall be positive, done in ample time and in observance of good seamanship Means large enough to be apparent, not many small corrections Alteration of course may be all thats needed and most effective action if done large enough and soon enuf Passing at safe distance until other vessel is past and clear shall slaken her speed or take all way off by stopping or reversing propultion if needed to avoid or assess Don't make the other vessel alter his course obligation to do everything possible to avoid collision in spite of right of way

Answer 10

Keep to starboard outer limit of channel as is safe and practical boats 20 meter or less, fishing and sailing vessels cannot impede other vessels which can only safely travel in narrow channel or fairway **CROSSING** vessel shall not impede other which MAY sound danger signal 5 short blasts **OVERTAKING** requires advise and consent if requires action from vessel being passed Blind bend with obstruction requires sound signal 1 blast 4 to 6 sec No anchoring unless necessary

Answer 11

same except POWER DRIVEN Down bound vessel with following current has right of way over up bound vessel, propose manner and place of passing, initiate signals. Upbound vessel against the current shall hold as necessary to permit safe passing **CROSSING** situation the danger signal **SHALL** be sounded if in doubt five or more short blasts **OVERTAKING** power driven vessel overtaking another power driven vessel shall signal intention, overtakEN vessel shall answer

Answer 12

Five or more short blasts

Answer 13

charts plot -- means lower than normal low tide

Answer 14

dayly broadcast, weekly and monthly published can get online but expected to be on board

Answer 15

Inland Association for Light Houses red right return western hemisphere

Answer 16

green right return eastern hemisphere

Answer 17

1 degee = 60 nm 60 minutes per degree we use tenths of minutes

Answer 18

true compass reading ie charts variance from chart deviation from boat - chart ie magnets, metal, electronics compass magnetic going down add whiskey for west

Answer 19

per steering compass per magnetic compass ships heading steering a course of ... NOT BEARING

Answer 20

dead reckoning deduce reckoning point on chart that you believe you are

Answer 21

actual overall speed average

Answer 22

entry every 2 hour or whenever something changes

Answer 23

stay in own lane going with traffic flow stay out of traffic separation line or separation zone except for fishing and to avoid immediate danger join at beginning or end, but if joining mid go at slight angle as possible dont cross but if have to go right angle vessels should not use inshore traffic zone if can safely use TSS or when going to port, or to avoid danger less than 20 meters, sailing and vessels fishing may use inshore traffic zone. no anchoring in TSS or near its terminations -fishing shall not impede the passage of any vesel. -Less than 20 meter, fishing and sailing cannot impede power driven vessels using lanes -RAM when maintaining safety navigation or laying and servicing submarine cable are exempted

Answer 24

wind on different side - port tack gives way to starboard vesse; wind on same side - windward vessel gives way to leeward vessel if vessel on port tack sees a vessel and cannot determine her tack, other vessel has right of way windward side is deemed to be side opposite where mainsail is carried or largest fore-and-aft sail for square rigger POW - port, overtaking, windward give way

Answer 25

any over taking vessel keeps out of way of overtaken vessel overtaking is coming from behind within 22.5 degrees abaft of beam. At night can only see white stern light and not sidelights If in doubt, assume overtaking overtaken vessel shall not have to change course or speed if overtaking vessel wants to cross, PAST AND CLEAR

Answer 26

two power driven vessels meeting shall both alter course to starboard so both pass on port side if in doubt assume risk exists

Answer 27

same: both alter course to starboard, deemed to exist if in doubt unless otherwise agreed, by means of radio, semaphore, etc downbound with following current vessels have right of way over upbound against current vessels, and shall initiate maneuvering signals

Answer 28

stop light rule - Give way boat will see starboard boat's Port RED light When two POWER DRIVEN vessels crossing and at risk of collision, starboard vessel has right of way, port vessel shall _avoid crossing in front_ INLAND Two Power Driven Vessels crossing river starboard vessel is stand on vessel HOWEVER vessel crossing a river shall keep out of the way of a power driven vessel ascending or descending the river

Answer 29

take early and substantial action to keep out of the way of other vessel

Answer 30

shall maintain course and speed but may take action to avoid collisoin as soon as it becomes apparent that the other vessel is not taking appropriate action if action by give way vessel alone will not avoid collision, vessel SHALL take action (in extremis) power driven vessel crossing with power driven vessel should not go to port if there is a vessel on the port side if you can help it

Answer 31

only new reels catch fish so purchase some worms overtaken not under command restricted in ability to maneuver constrained by draft (international only) fishing sailing power seaplane (then wig for international only)

Answer 32

vessels in or near restricted visibility shall proceed at safe speed with due regard to circumstances and conditions. power vessel shall have engines ready for immediate maneuver if radar detects risk, vessel shall take action but avoid going to port if other vessel forward of beam other than overtaking and avoid a course towards vessel abeam or abaft of beam Unless KNOW no risk, any vessel which hears a ship forward of her beam by fog horn or in close quarters shall SLOW DOWN to minimum speed to keep course or even go to neutral (bare steerage)

Answer 33

rules complied with in all weather lights displayed sunset to sunrise or sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility no other lights displayed should confuse Day shapes in day

Answer 34

masthead white 225 degrees (goes to 22.5 degrees abaft of beam) INLAND masthd\<12 meters may be off centerline sidelight red port, green starboard, 112.5 degrees INLAND \<20m may be combined sternlight white 135 degrees up to 22.5 degrees abaft of beam, 67.5 degrees each side tow - yellow light like stern light all-round - 360 degrees white,red,green,yellow flashing - 120 flashes per minute or more INLAND- special flashing yellow 50 - 70 flashes per min showing 180 - 225 degrees from front, not from stern. Visibility varies according to what's being towed

Answer 35

Fog for Towing Sailing RAM

Answer 36

fog signal for power driven vessel 4 to 6 secs

Answer 37

Fog signal issued from manned towed vessel after towing vessel sound prolonged short short

Answer 38

12 meters or more - whistle 20 meters or more - bell 100 meters or more - gong may use electronic equipment that makes the sounds, provided that manual sound shall always be possible smaller vessels not obliged to carry, but must have a way of making efficiet sound signal INLAND - Only 12 and 100 meter requirements

Answer 39

When two power driven vessels are meeting or crossing at a distance within half a mile of each other: One blast - I intend to leave you on my port side Two blasts - I intend to leave you on my starboard side Three blasts - I am operating stern propulsion upon hearing signals if in agreement shall sound same signal and take steps to effect safe passing If in doubt, sound 5 short blasts and take appropriate cautionary action until agreement is made Lights may be used in addition to sound - 1, 2 and 3 flashes of 1 second relating to sounds, white or yellow all around light if fitted, synchronized with whistle May use light due to windy, choppy conditions that might blow away sound or confuse sound

Answer 40

When vessels are in sight of each other, a power driven vessel shall one blast - I am altering course to starboard two blasts - I am altering course to port three blasts - I am operating astern propulsion May supplement with light signals - 1, 2 and 3 light flashes of 1 sec each corresponding to sound all around white light visible at range of 5 miles

Answer 41

in or near restricted visibility power driven - 1 prolonged blast every 2 minutes power driven underway but stopped - 2 prolonged blasts with 1 second between every 2 minutes Sailing, NUC, RAM, CBD, engaged in fishing, towing, or pushing - 1 prolonged short short every 2 minutes Fishing boat at anchor, RAM at anchor while working - also 1 prolonged short short every 2 minutes

Answer 42

In narrow channel or fairway A vessel overtaking another shall indicate her intention by Long Long Short - meaning I intend to overtake you on your starboard side Long Long Short Short - meaning I intend to overtake you on your port side Vessel being overtaken shall show agreement by Long Short Long Short Doubt or Danger used if needed Blind Bend - Prolonged - given and should be answered if a vessel is there

Answer 43

Masthead light forward Vessel 50 meters or more 2nd masthead higher and abaft of first sigelights sternlight \<12m may exhibit all around white light and sidelights \<7meters, \<=7 knots may show only all around white light (should show sidelights if possible) INTERNATIONAL INLAND on Great Lakes may show all around white light in lieu of 2nd masthead and sternlight. FOG: prolonged

Answer 44

Same as Power Drive add all around flashing yellow light when operating in displacement mode means like regular power driven vessel FOG: Prolonged

Answer 45

power driven vessel and when taking off, landing, and in flight near the surface shall add high intensity all around RED flashing light

Answer 46

two masthead lights in vertical line, if length of two is 200m or more, show 3 masthead lights in vertical line (measured from stern of two boat to stern of towed vesl) (if masthead lights are displayed aft, must have addt'l masthead light forward) sidelights sternlight Yellow Towing light in a vertical line above the stern Shape: black diamond when two \>200m FOG: Prolonged short short issued from manned tow

Answer 47

regarded as power driven vessel

Answer 48

INTERNATIONAL two masthead lights in a vertical line sidelights sternlight INLAND instead of sternlight, two yellow towing lights in vertical line (like sternlight - 135 degree visibility) Yellow over Yellow, inland towing Fellow FOG: prolonged short short

Answer 49

sidelights sternlights if \>200m display black diamond shape INLAND vessel being pushed ahead shall show sidelights and special flashing light INLAND vessels in group, show lights on outboard sides FOG: prolonged short short short Special = yellow - 50-70 flashes

Answer 50

inconspicuous partially submerged object \<25m 1 all around light at or near forward and one at or near aft end Dracones (transport oil) need not display forward light =\>25m two addt'l all around white lights \>100m addt'l all around white lights so distance between lights will not exceed 100 m diamond at aftermost extremity of last object towed and if \>200m diamond forward INLAND provided that any vessel or objects being towed alongside each other shall be lighted as one vessel, a diamond shape at or near the aft extremity of last object being towed may direct search light in direction of two

Answer 51

vessel not normally engaged in towing shall not be required to exhibit lights prescribed when towing a vessel in distress all possible measure shall be taken to light the vessel towed or at least indicate the presence of towed vessel but not required

Answer 52

pusing ahead or towing alonside shall show sidelights two towing lights in vertical line no masthead lights so can go under the bridges

Answer 53

sidelights and sternlight OR one tricolor on mast OR red over green sailing machine never seen, with sidelights and sternlight \<7m must have flashlight or lantern FOG: prolonged short short dayshape triangle pointing down for power and sail INLAND only vessels \>12m

Answer 54

the charts we use flattened out use distance from closest latitude

Answer 55

Per steering compass convert to true use ships heading for deviation for all 3 points

Answer 56

speed above the track line distance below the track line course heading above the track line

Answer 57

Engaged in FISHING whether underway or at anchor green all around white all around masthead abaft of and higher than the all around green \<50m MAY use masthead light when underway also sidelights sternlight DAYSHAPE: hourglass FOG: Prolonged short short

Answer 58

red all around light white all around light outlying gear extending more than 150 m horizontally from vessel needs all around white light OR cone apex upwards in the direction of the gear Making way also sidelights and sternlight DAY: hourglass FOG: Prolonged Short Short

Answer 59

=\>20m trawling, all around lights shooting nets white over white hauling nets white over red net on obstruction red over red trawlers working together have searchlights pointing at each other Purse seiners yellow over yellow flashing alternately every second; displayed only when vessel is hampered by its fishing gear

Answer 60

two all around red over red DAY: black ball over black ball When making way, also sidelights and sternlight no masthead requirement Red over Red, Captain is Dead, Balls in the Rigging FOG: prolonged short short NUC does not display anchor lights (if you were at anchor, you would NOT be NUC)

Answer 61

all around Red over White over Red making way, add masthead or mastheads, sidelights and sternlight DAY: ball over diamond over ball ANCHOR add anchor light, by day add ball boats \<12m not required to exhibit lights/shapes (g) TOW: may delcare a RAM by shapes and lights if SEVERELY restricted in ability to deviate from course INLAND TOW: tow \<=200m, tow vessel \< 50 m white masthead over white masthead all around red over white over red towlight (stern yellow) over white stern sidelights

Answer 62

in addition to RAM lights ADD all around red over red on side of obstructin all around green over green on clear side ANCHOR: ball-over-ball ball over diamond over ball diamond over diamond when underway no anchor lights - one more light would sink her

Answer 63

for boats not able to show all lights three all around lights red over white over red rigid replica of Code flag A not less than 1 m in height No anchor light FOG: prolonged short short

Answer 64

in addition to Power Driven sidelights, stern light and one (\<50m) or two masthead lights three all around green lights, one on mast and one on each sidearm DAY: three balls like cross indicate dangerous to approach wihin 1000m ANCHOR: uses anchor light

Answer 65

MAY exhibit three all around red lights vertically DAY: cylinder FOG: prolonged short short 3 red ina line, deep water is mine must show lights/shapes if vessel wants CBD rights INTERNATIONAL ONLY

Answer 66

all around White over Red Captain in BED when underway sidelights and sternlight ANCHOR: no addt'l special signals Pilotage vessel may have a long wait FOG: prolonged May sound short short short short

Answer 67

all around white light in forefront \>=50m addt'l all around white light near stern \<100m and \>=100m MUST illuminate the deck DAY: ball \<7m not required to display if NOT in or near narrow channel, fairway, anchorage, or where other vessels normally navigate INLAND \<20m when at anchor in special anchorage area designated by secretary shall not be required to exhibit anchor lights or shapes

Answer 68

all around white \<50m, MAY illuminate deck all around white fore and aft \>=50m, MUST illuminate deck ADD all around red over red 3 balls vertically (NUC will not have an anchor light on) \<12m not required to exhibit lights and shapes

Answer 69

if impracticable to exhibit lights and shapes shall exhibit as closely as possible

Answer 70

whistle - sound signaling device if directional, point forward short blast - about 1 second prolonged blast - about four to six seconds

Answer 71

\<12m some means of making efficient sound signal \>=12m whistle \>=20m whistle and bell \>=100m whislte bell gong INLAND: \>=12m whistle and bell others the same

Answer 72

INTERNATIONAL Power Driven, underway, when maneuvering as authorized ## Footnote short - i am alterning to starboard short short - I am altering to port short short short - I am operating astern propulsion lights may be used at same time, all around white 1 sec each, 1 sec between, =\>10 sec between INLAND Power driven in sight and meeting or crossing at a distance of within HALD A MILE short- I intend to leave you on my port short short - I intend to leave you on my starboard short short short - I AM operating astern propulsion Answer: agreement, same signal or Warning/doubt Lights may be used at same time all around white OR YELLOW, each flash 1 second

Answer 73

INTERNATIONAL vessel intending to overtake another and requires action of other vessel, this is only instance of advise and concent ## Footnote answer: OOOOOH K OOOOOH K prolonged short prolonged short doubt or warning 5 or more short blasts blind bend 1 prolonged blast may supplement with lights INLAND power driven vessel intending to overtake another power driven vessel SHALL indicate her intention and answer shall be same signal power driven leaving dock prolonged radiotelephone can be used instead of lights,sound

Answer 74

p=prolonged s=short i=interval Power driven making way p i \<=2 min Power driven underway but stopped p 2 sec p \<=2min Underway NUC, RAM, CBD, Sailing, engaged in Fishing, Towing or pushing p s s \<=2 min **Fishing, RAM at anchor** - like above p s s \<=2min Towed (or last tow) p s s s \<=2 min last vessel must be manned to give signal pushed ahead or composite like Power driven

Answer 75

\<12m efficient sound signals, interval not more than 2 minutes 12m and \<20m bell not required, but shall make efficient sound signals at intervals of not more than 2 minutes \>20m ring bell rapidly for 5 seconds, interval of not more than 1 minute =\>100 m ring bell forward then gong sounded rapidly for 5 seconds aft in additional vessels may sound one short one prolonged one short for position Pilot - four short blasts may be given INLAND special anchorage may be designated where vessels \<20m don't have to sound

Answer 76

direction of current expressed in T degrees. Always in the direction it is FLOWING

Answer 77

speed of the current expressed in knots (nm/h)

Answer 78

Combination of Set and Drift

Answer 79

effect of wind on vessel's course. Wind direction is expressed FROM the direction it is blowing.

Answer 80

If necessary to attract attention of another vessel, any vessel may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any signal elsewhere in the rules, or may direct a beam of light in the direction of danger, in such a way as not to embarrass any vessel. Make sure it can't be mistaken for navigation aids. INTERNATIONAL No high intensity, intermittent or revolving lights, such as strobe lights.

Answer 81

red star shells fog horn constinuous sounding flames on vessel gun fired at intervals of 1 min orange background black ball and square sos mayday by radio parachute with red flare dye marker code flags Nov Charlie square flag and ball wave arms radio telegraph alarm EPIRB smoke I NLAND high intensity white light flashing at regular intervals from 50 to 70 times per minute

Answer 82

flashing blue light when engaged in direct law enforement or public safety activities

Answer 83

vessels engaged in government sanctioned public safety activities and commercial vessels performing similar functions, may display alternately flashing red and yellow light signal. does not convey special privilege

Answer 84

Code of Federal Regulations online [www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html](http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html) identify the key words and use the index

Answer 85

deviation only used in compass heading or bearings from boat determine deviations by lining up 2 things by sight and bearing, and comparing to chart True

Answer 86

when done right, will be able to UNDO it fast

Answer 87

maximum distance a light can be seen in CLEAR weather Geographic range is 10 miles

Answer 88

Greatest distance a light can be expected to be seen Table at B 37

Answer 89

greatest distance the curvature of the earth permits an object to be seen Add distance from Table, add your observation height Y58 B36

Answer 90

Tide - vertical rise and fall of oceans caused by gravitational pull of moon and sun Stand - brief period when there is no vertical movement. Occurs at high and low tide Range - total rise or fall from one low water to the next high water Neap - less than normal tides -- moon in quadrature Spring - greater than normal -- full moon or new moon Slack - when there is no horizontal movement of water, also called minimum before ebb or flood Make sure time doesn't push to the NEXT day Y62 B 89

Answer 91

the operator of every self-propelled vessel 12 m or more

Answer 92

patrolling marine parades, regattas or special celebrations traffic control salvage firefighting medical assistance assisting disabled vessels search and rescue Annex V

Answer 93

2 unobsructed all around white lights - barges projecting into buoyed or restricted channel, if barge reduces navigable width of channel to less than 80 meters, barges moored more than two barges wide or to a maximum wideth of over 25 meteres, not moored parallel to bank or dock light barges on outboard corners of single barge or group of barges unless barge in slip or slough used for barges, behind a pierhead or in special anchorage

Answer 94

one row of yellow flashing 50-70 times per minute, visible all around the horizon, about equally spaced and not more than 10 meters apart all around Red over Red at each end of pipeline to mark where a boat may cross

Answer 95

civil penalty of not more than $5000 for each violation commerical vessel may be seized needs notice and trial Negligant manner- up to $5000 influence of alcohol or dangerous drug - up to 1000 for first offence, not more than $5000 for subsequent but does commit a Class A misdemeanor, may take the vessel Master involved in casualty shall render assistance unless puts in danger, exchange name, address and vessel id to injured and other owner - OR fined up to 1000 and jail not more than 2 years. can take the boat

Answer 96

Cannot be held liable if person acts as ordinary, prudent, reasonable person Master or person in charge of a vessel SHALL RENDER assistance to any individual found in danger of being lost, unless may cause serious danger to your boat or persons

Answer 97

Vessels \>=20m, 100 tons carrying passengers for hire, towing vessel \>=26 feet, dredge or floating plant must have a VHF radio Channel 13 exclusive use by master or person authorized by master in English keep the radio working

Answer 98

Vessel Master assures that anyone operating the radio has training and understand protocol and regulations Inspected vessels must keep log of radio useage with date, time, radio condiion, repairs, radio checks performed, Mayday, securite, and pan-pan messages sent or received Must mainain listening watch. For recreational vessel NOT required to monitor channel 16.

Answer 99

Vessel Bridge to Bridge Radiotelephone Act on navigable US waters, Inland Rule waters, and waters extending to 3 mile territorial limit. in lieu of sound and light signals can use radio. pleasure craft in Canadian waters need operators permit

Answer 100

Very High Frequency 156 to 162.5 MHz Line of sigt of antennas because generally not reflected by ionosphere dependent on weather, solar actvty ship to ship - 10 to 20 miles ship to shore - 25 to 30 miles boat calling 9 bridge to bridge 13 International distress, safety and calling 16 Coast Guard 21A, 22A, 23A normal power output for channel 13 is one watt

Answer 101

Digital Selective Calling Marine Mobil Service Identificaiton # MMSI (register) digital distress signals sent very fast (0 and 1), system interprets signal and ids vessel Channel 70 not 2 way conversations some hav e GPS attached Report and Order Act of 1999 requires DSC on radios

Answer 102

Single Side Band longer range radio waves that bounce off ionosphere SSB is amplitude modulated (not frequency modulated like VHF) 50-150 miles distance at night with certain circumstances can go 1000 miles use 2182 kHz for distress and hailing

Answer 103

transmit Mayday by VHF or SSB channel 16 Send DSC for automatic message EPIRB emergency position indicating radio beacon SART search and rescue transponder

Answer 104

Mayday - grave and imminent danger threatens life or property and immediate assistance is required "Mayday Relay Mayday Relay Mayday Relay" Seelonce Mayday and Seelonce Feenee Pan Pan - not life threatening but very urgent Securit'e (say cure it tay) - safety navigation, weather, RAM write down information and determine if YOU should respond

Answer 105

Global Positioning Satelites 24 owned by Military Department of Defense use 4 satelites for position, 3 atomic clocks on each sat., 40 yard accuracy or better using long, lat, altitude, time GPS may not agree with charts geosynchronis at equator?

Answer 106

Radio, detection and ranging can track precipitation but not clouds Transmitter generates radio waves, modulator sends out in pulses, antenna radiates waves and collects returning echos, receiver detects returned reflections and amplifies beam width is greater vertially than horizontally distance to target is more accurate than bearing

Answer 107

depthsounder or fish finder sonar 25 kHz to 200 kHz. higher frequencies give better definition in shallower waters, lower frequencies reach a greater depth

Answer 108

Automatic Identification System

Answer 109

Directly in wind NO GO Close Haul 45 Close Reach 60 Beam Reach 90 Broad Reach 135 Running 180 can't go faster than the wind

Answer 110

turn into the wind and stop

Answer 111

Standing Rigging Shrouds Stays Running rigging controls the sails hanks on forestay to raise sail turnbuckles on steel rods or cables for standing rigging

Answer 112

towing bitts located closer to pivot point of vessel allows greater maneuverability when towing clear deck aft allows tow line (hawser) to sweep the rail

Answer 113

River and Harbor Act of 1899 Oil Pollution Act of 1961 - illegal to clean tanks near shore, deballasting bunker tanks, pumping bilges within 50 miles of shore (or 100 miles in some instances) Federal Water Pollution Control Act prohibits discharge of oil, damages of spills directed to oil carriers and companys responsible MARPOL 73/78 from 1978 CFR

Answer 114

oil, sewage and industrial waste INLAND sewage also includes graywater! (dish water, shower water) Captains must be familiar with 33 CFR O AOSS Airborne Oil Surveillance System on Coast Guard planes have range of 25 miles COIL Coast Guard Oil Identification Lab in Groton CT Fine $10,000 and/or year in jail for NOT NOTIFYING max penalty for accidental spill $5,000 and owner responsible for cost of clean up Captains must maintain logs of discharges O274

Answer 115

Must be reported to Coast Guard National Response Center 800 424 8802 Contain the oil Remove the oil - sucked up by vacuum, scooped by bow mounted skimmer, or absorbed by Sorbents Dispersing agent generally not allowed due to damage to nature. Federal On-Scene Coordinator OSC can authorize their use.

Answer 116

Placards must be 9 x 4 in of durable material discharge of plastic or garbage mixed with plastic is prohibited discharge of garbage within 3 nm of nearest land is prohibited discharge of dunnage, lining, packing that float is prohibited within 25 nm of land other unground garbage may be discharged beyond 12 nm of land other garbage ground to less than one in may be discharged beyond 3 nm of land violation civil up to $25,000, fine up to $50,000, jail up to 5 years for each violation

Answer 117

Fuel - removing starves Oxygen - removing smothers Heat - removing cools Chemical reaction - removing does not allow exothermic reaction to take place

Answer 118

Prevention - close hatches while fueling, use blow to rid of fumes before ignition, stow cargo so doesn't shift, ventilate, keep oily rags in sealed containers (teak rags!) Cut off fuel source Oxygen - air is 21% O2. Fire needs 16%. Smoldering can occur in 3%. CO2 and Halon remove O2 Heat - friction, sparks, electrical circuits, lightning, chemical reactions. Extinguishing agens like water or foam Chemical reaction - Halon will stop chem reaction as well as rid of O2 and cool

Answer 119

A - ash combustible materials that leave ash when burned. Remove heat or fuel B - bacon grease, boiling liquid combustible liquids like gasoline, oil, grease, alcohol, paint, propane. Smother by cutting off air supply NEVER WITH WATER WHICH SPREADS IT C - curent, charged circuits faulty wiring, overheated circuits, spark producing motors. Use non-conducting agen to protect firefighters from electrical shocks. NEVER USE WATER D - dust, dry powder combustible metals like magnesium, aluminum these may burn underwater. Special agents Dry Powders are required

Answer 120

Water - Class A fires only. removes heat. Water fog is one of most effective cooling agents. Low velocity fog (water mist) used for small places or providing cooling umbrella for firefighters Foam - Class B, May be used on Class A because water based and has cooling effect. Conductive so NOT C. Bounce off / not directly on which can spread fire. Units will freeze if stored below 40 degrees Carbon Dioxide - smothers or removes O2. Class B and C fires. No residue so harmless to electronics. No O2 so will kill creatures. Portable Ext. handle gets very cold. Use canister in contact with deck to prevent discharge of static electricity. Recharge after 10% is lost. Dry Cemical - inhibits chemical process of combustion so ABC. leaves residue. BC-sodium or potassium corbonate, ABC-ammonium phospate. Units needs to be rocked back and forth occasionally to prevent settling and caking

Answer 121

sniff bilge run blower crew briefing

Answer 122

move boat so flames and smoke travel outboard make radio distress call locate passengers to safest place on boat with life jackets fight fire ALWAYS HAVE CLEAR EXIT

Answer 123

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) gives sandards for size, capacity ratings, etc. preparation prevents panic APPROVED rafts are self inflating. coastal may not be approved so buyer be ware hard canister inflatable life raft is a sealed unit stored on deck, hydrostatic release mechanism for automatic launching. (6 lbs sq in or 10 feet of water) 100' sea painter leads to deck with weak link. Painter is also rip cord to activate CO2 inflation. launch lowest point of vessel on lee side

Answer 124

wear layers of clothing or immersion suit don't get wet, jump Someone in charge of abandon ship bag right if turns over there is a ladder but hard to use from water stay attached to vessel unless its sinking (sea anchor) tie things that float together for larger visual target list of items G48

Answer 125

troposphere - 6 miles deep above the poles, 12 miles deep above equator sun 93 million miles away exerts energy on earth high pressure allways flows into low Lows in northern hemisphere rotate counter clockwise Low pressure cold air is heavy and dropps down Warm air is light and rises creating less pressure Coriolis effect - deflection due to rotation of earth - spinning earth causes Northerlies to be Northeasterlies

Answer 126

Artic semi perm high - wind northeasterly down to Artic low 60 degrees - Horse latitudes high 35-45 degrees - flow up southwest (westerly trades) and down northeast ( east trade winds) US is generally westerly weather flow Equatorial doldrums

Answer 127

day cold water, warm land - sea breeze from water to land sunset - still air night warmer water, cooling land - wind blows from land to water

Answer 128

29.92 inces of mercury at 60 degree F or 1013 millibars high pressure - cool, dry fair weather low pressure - warm, moist rainy weather rapid change indicates fast change in weather Mercurial vs aneroid baromter (sylphon cell)

Answer 129

where front intersects the earth Warm front - red line, suns hanging down, warm overtakes cold cold front - blue line, pointy icicles. cold overtakes warm Stationary - suns and icicles occluded - purple with suns and icicles hanging down. occurs just following a cold front overtaking warm, low pressure area with counterlockwise winds warm front can be 500 miles long (slow rains) cold front 50 miles (rapid changes)

Answer 130

isobars - same pressure isotherms - same temperature wind moves clockwise out of high and counter clockwise into the low valleys and hills of highs (ridges) and lows (troughs or depressions) on synoptic chart Northern Hemisphere, back to wind, left arm will point to center of low circle around low - cyclone circle around a high - anticyclone anenometer measures wind (apparent, true)

Answer 131

amount of water vapor in air compared to what it COULD contain at a given temperature warm air holds more humidity than cold air dew point is temperature at which condensation occurs sling psychrometer is two termometers, one dry and one wet

Answer 132

advection fog - coast fog, warm moist air flowing over cold water, doesn't burn off radiation fog, ground fog - warm air collects as land cools, burns off as heats up arctic sea smoke, frost smoke is thick fog in extremely cold air moving over warmer water in arctic region Cirrus, cirrocumulus, cirrostratus - 20,000 ft altocumulus, altostratus - 7,000 to 20,000 ft nimbostratus, stratus, stratocumulus - ground to 7,000 ft cumulonimbus - anvil, rain stratus - layer, cumulus - puffs, nimbus - rain, alto - high

Answer 133

shower - no raing tornado - 200 mph plus whirlwind extra-tropical cyclones - hurricane - tropical cyclone not associated with warm and cold fronts, but huge well defined low. Feed off warm water. 64 kn wind sustains at least clocking wind - wind on starboard bow veering or backing wind - wind on starboard quarter go away from the eye

Answer 134

towline bullrope towrope synthetic fibers, wires or both usually double braided (Spectra - heavy plaited polypropylene) Deep sea towing - usually six strand wire, 37 wires to each strand with wire or hemp core. 2 to 2 1/2 inc

Answer 135

catenary is downward curve of towline, and serves as shock absorber. should remain submerged at all times plus if drags bottom can anchor tug (in irons) and may be OVERRUN by the tow SLIP THE TOWLINE is ALWAYS done from towboat synchronize to sea - ie tow and boat on wave crest

Answer 136

H bits Hawser connected to Pendant rig or bridle which will equalize strain bridle has flounder or fish plate (forces down into water) retreiving line

Answer 137

keep catenary TRIM affects stability, towing characteristics and speed through the water move ballast, cargo, fuel, people around Reduce YAW by trimming down by the stern or reducing speed, or deploy drogue as last resort

Answer 138

parting towline very dangerous may need to cut line go to shallow water and beach slip the tow - pay out hawser to bitter end and attach a buoy so can be retreived can make catenary really deep if vessel crosses between tow and boat short tow lines may TRIP or GIRD your boat so secure all watertight compartments

Answer 139

alongside preferable for control, but must be calm water keep towboats stern abaft of twos stern to keep props clear put tow on inboard side of most turns, so boat is on the outside of the turn with tow inside when backing, the tows bow will turn toward the side the towing vessel is on if boat is single screw, if right-hand screw tow goes on starboard side tow line - bow to tow stern bow or backing line - bow to tow bow Stern breast or turning line - stern to tows middle stern

Answer 140

tandem - two tow boats nested rig - multiple barges lashed together Honolulu rig - each tow attached to boat with its own jewelry Christmas tree rig - barges in a line, connections under water / under tows

Answer 141

Vessel includes every description of watercraft used as transportation on water Sailing vessel is vessel under sail and NOT using propelling machinery, if fitted Power driven vessel means propelled by machinery