NAVAIDS

Question 1

What is a precision approach aid?

Answer 1

An approach aid providing elevation information

Question 2

What 2 beams does an ILS emit?

Answer 2

Localiser (Azimuth) and Glidepath (elevation)

Question 3

Glidepath coverage in the vertical plane typically extends……

Answer 3

From 0.45 to 1.75 times the glidepath angle.

Question 4

ILS Cat I

Answer 4

RVR: 550m

Decision Height: 200ft

Question 5

ILS Cat II

Answer 5

RVR: 250m

Decision Height: 100ft

Question 6

ILS Cat IIIa

Answer 6

RVR 200m

Decision Height: 0ft

Question 7

ILS Cat IIIb

Answer 7

RVR: 50m

Decision Height: 0ft

Question 8

ILS Cat IIIc

Answer 8

RVR: 0m

Decision Height: 0ft

Question 9

Limitiations of ILS:

Answer 9

Inflexible, expensive, beam must always be protected, aircraft must be fully out of the way before next plane can approach to land.

Question 10

What frequency band do the Localiser and Glidepath work on?

Answer 10

Localiser VHF Glidepath UHF

Question 11

What degree slope is a glidepath usually?

Answer 11

3 degrees

Question 12

ILS have Outer Middle and Inner Markers…

Answer 12

Lights and sounds in the cockpit will inform the pilot once passing each of these phases.

Question 13

An instrument approach contains 5 phases. Name them?

Answer 13

Initial approach fix, intermediate approach fix, final approach fix, final approach point, missed approach point

Question 14

The arrival phase means?

Answer 14

The aircraft has left the en-route phase of flight and has navigated to the IAF.

Question 15

The initial segment means?

Answer 15

The segment between the IAF and IF.

Question 16

The Final approach segment means?

Answer 16

The segment of instrument approach in which alignment and descent for landing are accomplished.

Question 17

What is the missed approach point?

Answer 17

The point at or before a missed approach procedure must be implemented to ensure minimum obstacle clearance is not infringed.

Question 18

What is minimum descent height/altitude?

Answer 18

In a non-precision approach below which a descent may not be made without the required visual reference.

Question 19

Waypoints are usually?

Answer 19

5 Letter designators which should spell a pronounceable word.

Question 20

INS means?

Answer 20

Inertial Navigation Systems. An en-route navigation aid. Comprises also of programmed waypoints but accuracy decays and must be updated regularly otherwise GIGO - Garbage I Garbage Out

Question 21

FMS means?

Answer 21

Flight Management System. Varies in complexity with newer models almost completely guiding plane from take-off to landing.

Question 22

The FMS gathers data from?

Answer 22

Multiple sources, including INS and Navaids to ensure the aircraft is performing as desired. It feeds the autopilot.

Question 23

FDI means:

Answer 23

Flight Director Interface. Pilot can update changes to the preprogrammed flight here.

Question 24

GPS is?

Answer 24

Global Positioning System. Precision 3D satellite navigation aid. Operates on 2 L Band frequencies: 1575.42 MHz & 1227.6 MHz

Question 25

Limitations of GPS?

Answer 25

Number of satellites available, signal degredation, military control.

Question 26

What is a VOR?

Answer 26

Very High Frequency Omni-Directional Range. An en-route and terminal instrument approach aid. Orientated to magnetic north and emits 360 radials to plus or minus 1 degree accuracy. The receiver compares the phase difference between two signals and determines the a/c bearing from the station.

Question 27

What is a CDI?

Answer 27

Course Deviation Indicator. Part of a VOR instrument that shows a/c alignment with desired VOR radial.

Question 28

DME suffers from a type of error known as?

Answer 28

Slant error. Less prevalent at lower altitudes where the diagonal distance doesn’t necessarily align with horizontal distance from station.

Question 29

NDB is a?

Answer 29

Non Directional Beacon. A basic en route and approach aid that emits a radio signal equally in all directions. Pilot navigates towards this.

Question 30

NDB’s can be affected by many types if interference. Name them?

Answer 30

Station interference, night effect, coastal refraction (unless crossing coast at 90 degrees), mountain effect, quadrantal error (less error when signal aligns with nose/wings/tail)