Naval reforms Flashcards
(21 cards)
When was Grahams reforms
1832
what were the primary reasons for Grahams reforms
- Royal navy reduced too much (800 ships but too many officers)
- No meritocracy
- Art oif gunnery nelected
What was established by Grahams reforms to improve Gunnery
- All crews practice Gunnnery
- School of gunnery established in Portsmouth
What was created under Grahams reforms to solve meritocracy issues
set amount of years for promotion (didnt solve unfairness)
What was established to further control the navy under grahams reforms
- Victualing board abolished
- Civilians run naval office
What did Graham implement that improved naval communication
assorted 5 principle officers in charge of certain areas
When was Fishers reforms
1904-10
What were the reasons for Fishers reforms
- fear of Germany
- fear of losing self sufficiency
What was the 2 power standard
1889 - British navy had to be equal size to 2 largest rivals combined
How did Fisher reform naval officer training
engineers and commanders trained together, less conflict
Who did Fisher promote
people with expertise eg Percy Scott
(increased naval gunnery to over 5 miles)
When was the Dreadnought made
1906
What did Fishers reform authorise
the programme of building submarines + battle cruisers!
What did Fisher create
The Royal Navy reserve (1st ever + still exists)
- sold 90 ships + 64 in reserve
- fleets reorganised
By 1914 how many ships did germany have compared to Britain
Germany - 17 ships
Birtain - 29 ships
What was a limitation of fishers reforms
neglect of naval bases abroad
What were the limitations of Grahams reforms 1832
- Didnt solve unfairness of patronage
- welfare of sailors ignored + many seamen still didnt have a ship
When was the First screw propeller used
1840 HMS Ajax
when was the first steamship without a sail
1873 - HMS devastation
What was the issue of steam powered engines
to heavy for wooden ships (had to switch to iron)
What was the issue of switching ships to iron
very costly and took 30 years to complete
