Nazi Control and Dictatorship

Question 1

what was the Women’s Front?

Answer 1

the process of bringing all 230 women’s organisations under one body

Question 2

what were some Nazi ideals for women?

Answer 2

• limited make-up
• no smoking
• stayed at home
• no interest in politics

Question 3

how many live births were there in 1933?

Answer 3

under 1 million

Question 4

what law was introduced in 1933?

Answer 4

Encouragement of Marriage, which gave loans to help couples marry, but only if the wife left her job

Question 5

what was given out on the 12th August?

Answer 5

medals were awarded to women with large families

Question 6

what about families with low incomes?

Answer 6

family allowance was available

Question 7

what happened to the divorce law in 1938?

Answer 7

a divorce could happen if one spouse could not have children, this increased the rate by 1939

Question 8

what was the Lebensborn?

Answer 8

a program where specific unmarried women could donate a baby to the Fuhrer by becoming pregnant by racially pure SS men

Question 9

what was the German Women’s Enterprise?

Answer 9

an organisation that set up classes and talks on the topic of motherhood and household topics

Question 10

when was the Sterilisation Law introduced?

Answer 10

in 1933, to remove “mental deficiency” in babies

Question 11

how was the emphasis of marrying “racially pure” men stressed?

Answer 11

with the Marriage Health Law of 1935

Question 12

what were women expected to look like?

Answer 12

they were encouraged to keep healthy and have their hair in a bun or plaits, things like high heels or trousers were not permitted as they were seen as bad for child bearing

Question 13

when was the women concentration camp opened?

Answer 13

October 1933

Question 14

what were the three Ks?

Answer 14

Kinder, Kuche, Kirche

Question 15

what happened to women with jobs?

Answer 15

doctors, civil servants and teachers were forced to leave their jobs

Question 16

what were schoolgirls taught?

Answer 16

they were trained for work at home and were discouraged from going into higher education

Question 17

why did the women work policies change from 1937?

Answer 17

Germany began to rearm and men joined the army, so more women were needed to work, at this time marriage loans were also abolished

Question 18

how did employment in women increase between 1933 to 1939?

Answer 18

from 11.6 million to 14.6 million

Question 19

to Nazis, what was most important at school?

Answer 19

courage and prowess in athletics

Question 20

what was “Napola”?

Answer 20

a training institute for boys aged 12 to 18, controlled by the SS from 1936

Question 21

what were the dangers of Hitler schools?

Answer 21

live ammunition was used in war games and there were times where students died during these activities

Question 22

how were textbooks adapted for Nazi ideology?

Answer 22

they were rewritten to show a Nazi view of history and racial purity, these books were approved by the Ministry of Education, e.g Mein Kampf was a standard text

Question 23

how were school lessons adapted for Nazi ideology?

Answer 23

they ended and began with the Nazi salute, Nazi themes were in every subject, e.g maths questions were about social issues and history lessons were about communism

Question 24

how were teachers adapted for Nazi ideology?

Answer 24

teachers swore an oath of loyalty and joined the Nazi Teachers’ League, teachers had to promote Nazi ideals

Question 25

how was the curriculum adapted for Nazi ideology?

Answer 25

for boys, there was a big emphasis on the military, German history and the Aryan race, girls learnt to be good homemakers and mothers, 15% of the time was for physical education

Question 26

what was the Hitler Youth?

Answer 26

an organisation set up to control young people in their free time, all other youth groups were banned and it was compulsory from 1936 and in 1939 there were 7 million members

Question 27

what was the League of German Maidens?

Answer 27

a youth group to prepare girls for motherhood, mainly domestic activity, they wore blue skirts with white blouses and heavy marching shoes

Question 28

what was the Reich Labour Service?

Answer 28

a scheme to provide young men with labour jobs, from 1935 all men from 18-25 had to serve in the corps for 6 months, they had very low pay and wore uniforms

Question 29

what was invisible unemployment?

Answer 29

methods that Nazis used to keep down unemployment figures, it dismissed Jews, women, unmarried men, Nazi opponents

Question 30

how were jobs created?

Answer 30

Hitler spent billions on jobs creation (37.1 billion in 1938), roads were built, 125,000 men were involved in construction, motorways were important in the case of war

Question 31

how did rearmament work?

Answer 31

billions were spent on war equipment, production expanded and conscription was reintroduced in 1935 and the army grew to 1.4 million by 1939

Question 32

what was Strength through Joy?

Answer 32

an organisation to improve the leisure time of German workers, they were at a low cost and included concerts and museum tours

Question 33

what was Beauty of Labour?

Answer 33

a department of Strength through Joy that tried to improve working conditions e.g canteens and sport facilities

Question 34

what was the Volkswagen scheme?

Answer 34

a scheme that gave workers the chance to subscribe for 5 marks a week, that would ultimately give them a car

Question 35

how did wages increase?

Answer 35

from 86 marks in 1932 to 109 marks in 1938

Question 36

describe the importance of food

Answer 36

food also came under propaganda, women were told how and what food to cook e.g the Eintopf was encouraged

Question 37

why were some workers worse off?

Answer 37

women were denied employment opportunities, basic rights of workers were removed and living costs rose

Question 38

why was there lack of freedom for workers?

Answer 38

in 1933, trade unions were banned and were replaced by the German Labour Front

Question 39

what was the German Labour Front?

Answer 39

it was designed to bring all workers and employers to make the Volksgemeinschaft, however it did not allow for better pay or working hours or strikes

Question 40

what was the issue with the Volkswagen scheme?

Answer 40

it was a con trick, despite the subscription paid nobody received a car and their money was not refunded

Question 41

how did the cost of living change?

Answer 41

it increased, basic groceries increased in price and were often in short supply due to government policy to reduce production for the good of the farmers

Question 42

how did working hours change?

Answer 42

the average working hours increased from 42.9 in 1933 to 47 in 1939

Question 43

how were people with disabilities treated?

Answer 43

The Sterilisation Law was passed to create a “perfect race”, they were seen as “unworthy of life” and a “burden of society”

Question 44

how were Gypsies treated?

Answer 44

they were accused of being “work shy” and threatened “racial purity” and in 1935 any marriage between Gypsies and Germans were banned

Question 45

how were gay people treated?

Answer 45

gay men were arrested and seen as inferior to men

Question 46

what was the euthanasia campaign?

Answer 46

in 1939, Nazis secretly got rid of the mentally ill or people with disabilities by starvation or lethal injection

Question 47

how did Hitler believe a pure racial state was made?

Answer 47

through selective breeding and destroying the Jews

Question 48

how did Nazi propaganda portray Jews?

Answer 48

as evil moneylenders, people who infiltrated society and needed to be removed

Question 49

what did Hitler blame the Jews for?

Answer 49

the Great Depression in 1929 and the loss of WWI

Question 50

how did Hitler gain support to eliminate the Jews?

Answer 50

through propaganda and the use of schools, e.g children were encouraged to hate Jews and textbooks had an anti-Semitic view

Question 51

who controlled school textbooks and teaching materials?

Answer 51

the Ministry of Education

Question 52

when were Jewish children expelled from German schools?

Answer 52

in November 1938

Question 53

when was the boycott of Jewish shops?

Answer 53

in April 1933

Question 54

explain the events of the boycott of Jewish shops

Answer 54

it began on the 1st April 1933 and only lasted a day, SA were placed outside Jewish shops and painted the Star of David and the police were not involved even in cases of violence

most Germans ignored the boycott and because it was a Saturday, most Jewish shops were closed anyway

Question 55

when were the Nuremberg Laws passed?

Answer 55

on 15th September 1935

Question 56

what were the Nuremberg laws?

Answer 56

laws that stated only people of German blood were German citizens, Jews lost their citizenship and the right to vote, essentially pushing them to the edges of society

it also forbade marriages between Jews

Question 57

when was Kristallnacht?

Answer 57

on 9th November 1938

Question 58

how many places of worship were destroyed as a result of Kristallnacht?

Answer 58

191 synagogues and 7500 business destroyed

Question 59

explain the events of Kristallnacht

Answer 59

Herschel Grynszpan shot an official, protesting against the treatment of his parents after they were deported

Goebbels used this as propaganda which involved attacks of Jewish places

many windows were smashed, hence the name Crystal Night

Question 60

how many people died or were sent to concentration camps as a result of Kristallnacht?

Answer 60

100 killed, 20,000 sent to concentration camps and 7500 businesses destroyed