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History 1: A/B > Nazi Economy 1932-45 > Flashcards

Nazi Economy 1932-45 Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Hitler’s aims for Economic Policy (4)

A
  1. Rearmament
  2. Autarky
  3. High enough living standards to ensure support
  4. Architectural projects to rebuild Germany
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2
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Tax cuts were implemented in… (3)

A
  1. Farming
  2. Small business
  3. Heavy industry
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3
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Grants were given to… (3)

A
  1. Businesses (to repay debt)
  2. Newly married couples (for furniture)
  3. Homeowners (for contractors + domestic servants)
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4
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): The … [public works scheme] was established in June 1933 and had a budget of …

A

a) Reinhardt Programme

b) RM1,000 million

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5
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): When was the Reinhardt Programme established?

A

June 1933

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6
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): From 1932-33, government spending on work creation grew by… [%]

A

over 25%

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7
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Between 1933 and 1934, … jobs were created

A

2.8 million

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8
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): … [%] of jobs were made from direct government measures

A

20%

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9
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): What other [external] factor also aided German economic recovery?

A

A recovering world economy (i.e. Britain + the USA have enough money to buy German exports)

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10
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): The … [employment programme] became compulsory from 1935

A

Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD)

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11
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): From when did service to the RAD become compulsory?

A

1935

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12
Q

Economic Recovery (33-36): Which three groups of people were not included in unemployment statistics? (3)

A
  1. Jews
  2. Women
  3. People involved with the RAD
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13
Q

Rearmament: From when were Mefo bills issued?

A

Autumn 1933

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14
Q

Rearmament: Name two companies that benefited greatly from Mefo bills (2)

A 
Possible answers:
1. IG Farben
2. Krupps
3. Siemens
\+ any other companies involved in rearmament
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15
Q

Rearmament: What did Mefo bills allow the government to do?

A

Mefo bills allowed the government to run a greater deficit than it would have normally been able to

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16
Q

Rearmament: By 1938, there were … [RM] of Mefo bills, compared to … [RM] of normal government bonds

A

a) RM9 billion

b) RM12 billion

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17
Q

Rearmament: Between 1933 and 1939, Mefo bills accounted for … [%] of military spending

A

20%

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18
Q

Trade (34-35): Why was the market disbalanced?

A

People were working and having more money, but no goods were being created (i.e. Public works schemes don’t produce consumer goods, nor does rearmament)

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19
Q

Trade (34-35): What goods were import quotas implemented on and when?

A

August 1934; wool, cotton, leather, fur, precious metals

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20
Q

Trade (34-35): How many new departments were created in the Ministry of Economics to handle import licenses?

A

25

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21
Q

Trade (34-35): When did German trade come back into balance?

A

Mid-1935

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22
Q

Trade (34-35): With which countries did Germany seek trade deals with? (3)

A

Possible answers:

  1. Yugoslavia
  2. Peru
  3. Argentina
  4. Nicaragua
  5. Romania
  6. Latvia
  7. Estonia
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23
Q

Trade (34-35): Which two key advantages did Germany’s trade deals as part of the New Plan give? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. As the more powerful economy, Germany could gain more favourable trade deals
  2. Germany could negotiate barter deals, thus allowing trade without money actually leaving Germany
24
Q

Trade (34-35): The New Plan was successful because…

Study These Flashcards
A

It solved the balance of trade problem and allowed for continuing rearmament

25
Trade (34-35): The New Plan was unsuccessful because...
It caused a fall in living standards and a decline in the textile industry (20% of Germany's workforce)
26
Guns and Butter (35-36): Food shortages occurred as a result of...
Poor harvests in 1934-35
27
Guns and Butter (35-36): Butter was rationed in...
1935
28
Guns and Butter (35-36): By how much [%] did the price of pork and ham rise from 1934-36?
30%
29
Guns and Butter (35-36): Which product did the Nazis avoid rationing and why?
Bread, because it would be extremely unpopular
30
Guns and Butter (35-36): Who formed each side of the debate in the Guns and Butter debate?
a) Darré (Agriculture Minister) argued for more money on food b) Goering and Blomberg (Military) argued for more spending on military
31
Guns and Butter (35-36): Short term goal of the Command Economy
In the short term, Hitler had to expand military power through rearmament
32
Guns and Butter (35-36): Long term goal of the Command Economy
The Command Economy was part of the long-term plan to acquire Lebensraum
33
The Command Economy (36-39): Why was the appointment of Goering as head of the Four Year Plan Organisation a turning point?
It was the first time a Nazi party member had been granted a major role in economic policy; previously it had been traditional conservatives (e.g. Schacht)
34
The Command Economy (36-39): Coal production from 1936 to 1938 increased... [tonnes]
From 320 million tonnes in 1936 to 381 million tonnes by 1938
35
The Command Economy (36-39): Germany became self sufficient in terms of... [foodstuffs] (3)
1. Bread 2. Sugar 3. Potatoes
36
The Command Economy (36-39): Steel production from 1936 to 1938 increased... [tonnes]
From 19 to 23 million tonnes from 1936 to 1938
37
The Command Economy (36-39): Ersatz rubber production increased... [%]
500%
38
The Command Economy (36-39): Targets of the Four Year Plan consistently failed to be met, such as; (2)
1. Steel: less than half of the required steel was delivered in 1937 2. Ersatz Oil: less than 20% of the required ersatz oil was produced in 1938
39
The Command Economy (36-39): In 1938, it was estimated that the coal industry was short of ... [workers]
20,000 to 30,000 workers
40
The Command Economy (36-39): Which two industries declined in the late 1930s and why? (2)
1. Textiles, as a result of import quotas on materials such as cotton (Autarky) 2. Aircraft, due to Goering's refusal to implement modern techniques such as production lines (Ideology = it destroyed German craftsmanship)
41
The Command Economy (36-39): From 1936-38, national debt...
doubled
42
The Command Economy (36-39): War required a ... [x-fold] increase in spending
a three-fold increase in spending
43
The Command Economy (36-39): What were the consequences in agriculture?
1. It concentrated jobs in cities (industry) - from 1933-39 over 1 million people left the countryside for the cities
44
The Command Economy (36-39): As a result of the focus on rearmament, how much of the population worked in war-related industry? [%]
25% / One-quarter
45
The Command Economy (36-39): How many firms were focused on military production?
2800
46
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): Industrial workers' income increased by... [%], whereas industrialists' income...
a) 25% | b) nearly doubled
47
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): The average working week increased...
from 43 hours to 47 hours
48
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): Working class diets became less varied as a result of Autarky. Which two foods decreased significantly from 1927-37? (2)
1. Tropical fruit consumption in 1937 was over 30% lower than in 1927 2. Meat consumption in 1937 was almost 20% lower than in 1927
49
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): Why were workers less represented in terms of pay?
They had no trade unions other than the passive DAF
50
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): Average hourly wages in 1939 were still ...[%] below 1932 levels
2%
51
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): Workers in Nazi Germany had higher deductions from their salary. How much? What was this in Weimar?
18% - in Weimar this was 15%
52
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): What schemes meant workers had higher deductions from their salaries?
Winterhilfe, insurance
53
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): What did the KdF offer? (4)
``` The KdF offered: Subsidies in: - sports training - theatre tickets - hiking trips - holidays to Italy, Finland, Libya and Turkey ```
54
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): By 1937, what had the KdF accomplished?
By 1937 the KdF had a budget of RM29 million and had organised some 1.7 million short holidays for workers
55
Workers' Living Standards (33-39): What was the main drawback of KdF short holidays?
KdF accommodation was often basic and with poor sanitation

History 1: A/B (1 decks)

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