Nazi policies towards the Jews Flashcards
(18 cards)
What happened to Jews convicted under the Nuremberg Laws?
They were often arrested by the Gestapo and sent to concentration camps.
What defined a half Jew / ‘Mischlinge’
It depended on the number of Jewish parents or grandparents who had converted to Christianity.
What was the overall impact of the Nuremberg Laws?
The Jews were left with essentially no civil or political rights and German citizenship, leaving them powerless against the Nazis.
What was the reason for the organisation of ReichKristallnacht? (November 1938)
It was a retaliation against the Jews for the assassination of a German ambassador by a Jew (7th November)
How many synagogues were destroyed during ReichKristallnacht?
1400 synagogues damaged, leaving behind millions of marks in damages.
What was set up as a consequence of the Anschluss? (March 1938)
The Central Office for Jewish Emigration
What did the Reich Association of the Jews in Germany do?
It grouped all Jewish organisations into one association.
How many of Poland’s Jews lived in territory occupied in Germany?
1,901,000 out of 3,115,000 Jews (61%)
What did the Anschluss allow?
- It allowed Reinhard Heydrich to use Austria as a laboratory for developing SS policy.
- It allowed the illegal seizure of Jewish property to fund the emigration of poorer Jews.
How did many Polish Jews fit the Nazi stereotype of Jews being racially inferior ‘untermenschen’ (subhuman)?
They were poor.
What did Hitler order in October 1939?
The deportation of 300,000 Jews from Germany and the removal of all Jews from Austria.
What was the focus of policies towards the Jews before 1939?
Emigration of Jews and the expropriation of Jewish assets.
What changed in policies towards Jews after 1939?
Forced emigration became controlled deportations and ‘resettlement’ plans e.g. the Madagascar Plan, introduction of Ghettos (Lodz 1940)
What became consistent after Kristallnacht?
The radicalisation of policies towards the Jews which eventually built up to the ‘Final Solution’ in 1942.
How did the increasing pace of removing Jews from society align with other Nazi plans?
- Pace of rearmament increased from 1936 (Four Year Plan, Mefobills, RAD)
- Removal of opposition in society e.g. Catholics, Communists
How did the Nazis’ war strategies align with their policies towards the Jews?
- The Nazis gained 1,901,000 Jews from the invasion of Poland (61% of the population)
- The Nazis gained 3 million Jews from the invasion of the Soviet Union (1941)
How much were Jews fed in the Warsaw Ghetto?
Only 300 calories per day compared to the recommended 2500.
How many Jews died in the Warsaw Ghetto from 1940-41?
Over 100,000 died, mostly due to malnutrition and diseases e.g. typhus.
