NB2 16+17 Flashcards Preview

Neuro Part 2 > NB2 16+17 > Flashcards

Flashcards in NB2 16+17 Deck (13)
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1
Q

age-related changes to brain structure

A

white matter increases until 40 and slowly starts to decline

gray matter slowly declines across the adult life span

Cerebrospinal fluid volume sharply increases ~60 years of age

2
Q

age-related cognitive decline

A
fluid intelligence (attention, memory, speed) 
increases in early adulthood and then declines through middle adulthood 
Crystallized intelligence (vocab, reading, facts) 
Increases in early adulthood and generally plateaus throughout middle and late adulthood
3
Q

cognitive reserve

A

A person’s capacity to maintain normal cognitive function in the presence of brain degeneration

increased education = greater reserve

degeneration still occurs, but signs of dysfunction are delayed

4
Q

5 stages of grief

A
  1. denial (resistance to impeding death)
  2. anger (hostility, resentment, envy)
  3. bargaining (making a deal, plea)
  4. depression (realization of death; sadness)
  5. acceptance (resolute about impending death)
5
Q

Facial nerve (VII) lesion

A

total loss of nerve function usually accompanied by CN VIII injury (Schwannoma)

6
Q

Facial nerve (facial canal) lesion

A

total loss of nerve function, no CN VIII symptoms

7
Q

Greater petrosal nerve lesion

A

nasal and paranasal mucosal glands, lacrimal gland

affected

8
Q

Facial nerve (medial wall of middle ear) lesion

A

affects special sensory taste anterior 2/3 of the tongue, submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, muscles innervated by the facial nerve

9
Q

Chorda tympani lesion

A

special sensory taste anterior 2/3 of the tongue,
submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
(middle ear surgery)

10
Q

hypoglossal nerve injury and tongue

A

it will deviate towards the affected side due to the unopposed action of the unaffected half of the tongue

11
Q

Jugular foramen syndrome

A

Unilateral paresis of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI ( with
or without XII) resulting from lesions in the area of
the jugular foramen

symptoms: 
hoarseness 
soft palate drooping 
deviation of uvula to normal side 
loss of sensory posterior 1/3 of tongue 
loss of gag reflex 
dysphagia
decreased parotid gland secretion
12
Q

causes of jugular foramen syndrome

A
  1. Glomus jugular tumors (most frequently)
  2. Meningioma
  3. Vestibular Schwannoma
  4. Cerebellopontine angle metastases

inflammation
thrombosis

13
Q

Le fort fractures

A

le fort 1: palate

Le fort 2: nose + palate

Le fort 3: entire face