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2 Pediatrics > NBME - Peds > Flashcards

NBME - Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Male Tanner Stage 2. Age, description.

A

Age = 8 - 11.5

  • Pubic hair appears
  • Testicular enlargement
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2
Q

Male Tanner Stage 3. Age, description.

A

Age = 11.5 - 13

  • Coarsening of pubic hair
  • Increase in penis length
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3
Q

Male Tanner Stage 4. Age, description.

A

Age = 13 - 15

  • Coarse hair across pubis sparing thigh
  • Increase in penis width
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4
Q

Male Tanner Stage 5. Age, description.

A

Age = 15+

  • Coarse hair across pubis and thigh
  • Adult size penis and testes
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5
Q

Female Tanner Stage 2. Age, description.

A

Age = 8 - 11.5

  • Pubic hair appears
  • Breast buds form
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6
Q

Female Tanner Stage 3. Age, description.

A

Age = 11.5 - 13

  • Coarsening of pubic hair
  • Breast enlarges
  • Mound forms
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7
Q

Female Tanner Stage 4. Age, description.

A

Age = 13 - 15

  • Coarse hair across pubis sparing thigh
  • Raised breast areola
  • Mound on mound
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8
Q

Female Tanner Stage 5. Age, description.

A

Age = 15+

  • Coarse hair across pubis and thigh
  • Adult breast size
  • Areola flattens
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9
Q

What causes prolonged QT in a neonate born from a gestational diabetic?

A

Hypocalcemia

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10
Q

Cause for altered mental status in DKA.

A

Cerebral edema

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11
Q

Most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction in male newborn.

A

Posterior urethral valves

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12
Q

What is this murmur: Murmur disappear when the child is in the supine position and when the neck is rotated in the sitting position.

A

Venous hum (benign)

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13
Q

Bronchiolitis vs Brionchiectasis

A

Bronchiolitis is inflammation of the bronchioles, most commonly caused by RSV.
Bronchiectasis is permanent dilation of bronchi due to recurrent cycles of infection. Most commonly caused by Cystic Fibrosis and COPD.

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14
Q

Delivery Guidelines if pregnant woman has HIV depending on HIV viral load

A

If HIV viral load <1000 then vaginal delivery

If HIV viral load > 1000 before 38 wks then:
C-sec at 38 wks
Zidovudine (AZT) intrapartum (3 hrs before delivery)

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15
Q

What should newborn receive if mother has HIV, depending on pregnant woman’s HIV viral load.

A

Within 6-12 hrs of delivery
If HIV viral load <1000 then Zidovudine (AZT)
If HIV viral load >1000 then 3-drug ART (zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine)

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16
Q

Pediatric Patient has joint swelling and positive antinuclear antibody. Dx? Next step?

A

Dx = Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Next step = When ANA is positive you must do Slit-lamp exam at diagnosis and every 3-4 months to check for Uveitis

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17
Q

What to feed newborn that develops cow milk or soy allergy?

A

A protein-hydrolysate based formula

e.g. formula with hydrolyzed caesin

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18
Q

Patient with hyperpigmentation and hypotension. Dx? Diagnostic test?

A

Dx = Addison’s (primary adrenal insufficiency)

Diagnostic test = Measure plasma cortisol level

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19
Q

Classical triad of symptoms of Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS). AND what is a well-known complication of HS? What is the treatment?

A 
Triad = Coombs negative hemolytic anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly
Complication = Chelelithiasis (pigmented gallstones)
Tx = Splenectomy after age 6
20
Q

Rash on ankles and bilateral ankle edema in a pediatric patient. Dx?

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

21
Q

3 Symptoms of Reactive Arthritis

A

Assymetric Arthropathy
Nongonococcal urethritis/cervicitis
Inflammatory eye disease

22
Q

Treatment for ingestion of alkili agent (e.g. batteries, drain cleaner, detergent)

A

Milk or water immediately (not effective after 30 min)

Then NPO to prevent esophageal erosion

23
Q

Physostigmine is an antidote for what?

A

Anticholinergic toxicity

24
Q

What is the antidote for organophosphate poisoning?

A

Atropine and Pralidoxime

25
Q

Antidote for arsenic toxicity?

A

Dimercaprol and Gastric Lavage

26
Q

Antidote for salicylate (aspiring) poisoning

A

Alkalize the urine with sodium bicarbonate

27
Q

Antidote for benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil

28
Q

Antidote for beta blocker overdose

A

Glucagon, Saline, Atropine

29
Q

Antidote for Carbon Monoxide poisoning

A

100% oxygen OR hyperbaric oxygen

30
Q

Antidote for Mercury Toxicity

A

One of the following
Dimercaptosuccinic acid (preferred)
Dimercaprol
Succimer

31
Q

Antidote for cyanoide poisoning

A

Sodium Thiosulfate

Hydroxycobalamin (B12)

32
Q

Antidote for isoniazid toxicity

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

33
Q

Antidotes for lead toxicity

A

EDTA
Penicillamine
Dimercaprol
Succimer

34
Q

Antidote for TCA toxicity

A

Sodium bicarbonate (favors a non-ionized form of TCA, so it can’t bind to cardiac sodium channels)

35
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki Disease

A

Intravenous immune globulin (reduces the risk of coronary artery aneurysms)
Aspirin (reduces the risk of coronary thrombosis due to aspirin’s antiplatelet affect)

36
Q

How to differentiate between Meckel’s Diverticulum and Intussusception

A 
Meckel's = Painless GI bleed
Intussusception = Painful GI bleed and sausage-like mass can be felt in abdomen.
37
Q

Midline mass with calcifications in pediatric patient. Dx?

A

Neuroblastoma

38
Q

When to give Meningococcus vaccine.

A

Once at age 11

39
Q

When to give TdaP vaccine

A

Every 10 year

or every 5 years if someone has had a wound

40
Q

When to give HPV vaccine?

A

Ideally before sexually active (age 11-12) = 3 doses over 6 mo.

Given to women through age 26, Men through age 21

41
Q

3 Symptoms of adrenal insufficiency

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
Hyperpigmentation

42
Q

Recent upper respiratory infection. Now on auscultation physician finds an S3 gallop. Dx?

A

Myocarditis

43
Q

Scoliosis and brown spots on skin. Dx?

A

Neurofibromatosis

44
Q

Other than short stature, what other symptoms are associated with Turner’s syndrome?

A 
Lymphedema of hand and feet
Horseshoe kidney
Impaired hearing
Cardiovascular malformation
Webbed neck
Wide-spaced nipples
45
Q

Define Hypertensive emergency AND what drugs are used to treat.

A

Hypertensive emergency = BP > 180/120 and end-organ damange (e.g. seizure, retinal hemorrhage, kidney injury)
Tx = Nitroprusside or Fenoldopam

46
Q

Wilm’s tumor is associated with ______

A

Denys-Drash Syndrome = Mn*WAGR = Wilm’s tumor, aniridia (no iris), ginitourinary abnormalities, intellectual disability)
AND
Beckwith-Wiedeman Syndrome = Wilms tumor, macroglossia, organomegaly, hemihyperplasia

2 Pediatrics (3 decks)

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