Nclex Flashcards
(221 cards)
1
Q
Hyperglycemia
A
High blood glucose
2
Q
Hyperkalemia
A
High potassium level in blood
Diarrhea, paresthesias & weakness
3
Q
Hypernatremia
A
High sodium in blood
Poor skin turgor, high temp, tachycardia
4
Q
Hypercalcemia
A
High calcium level in blood
5
Q
Parenthesia
A
Sensation of tingling or pricking (pins and needles)
6
Q
Polydipsia
A
Excessive thirst
7
Q
Oliguria
A
Abnormal small amounts of urine
8
Q
Polyuria
A
Abnormal large amounts of urine
9
Q
Loop diuretics
A
Meds to manage and treat of fluid overload
Ex heart failure, nephrotic syndrome
10
Q
Aspartate aminotransferase
(AST)
A
Enzyme found in liver
AST is a laboratory test indicates liver function
11
Q
Orthostatic hypotension
A
Low b/p and lightheaded upon standing
12
Q
Hypovolemia
A
Body looses fluid, like blood or water
13
Q
Atelectasis
A
Collapse or part of all a lung
14
Q
Hyperactive reflexes
A
Increase or overactive reflex response
Ex; ALS
15
Q
Hypovolemic Shock
A
Emergency which severe blood or fluid loss makes heart unable to pump
16
Q
Pulmonary edema
A
Too much fluid in the lungs
17
Q
Hypoxemia
A
Low levels of oxygen in blood
18
Q
Hematoma
A
A contained collection of clotted blood outside the artery
19
Q
Dysthymia
A
Improper beating of the heart, whether irregular, too fast, or too slow
20
Q
Cystogram
A
Fluoroscopic procedure used to examine the urinary bladder
21
Q
Acrocyanosis
A
Peripheral artery disease
Caused by spasm of the small blood vessels with in the skin
22
Q
Hypercapnia
A
Increase in particular pressure of carbon dioxide
HA, SOB, seizures, tiredness, mental state
23
Q
Hypoxemia
A
Low levels of oxygen in blood
24
Q
Leukopenia
A
Reduction of WBC (glanulocytes)
25
Thrombocytopenia
Low platelet count too low
26
IV flow rate formula
Total volume X. Drop factor
————————————-
Time in minutes
27
Emphysema
A gradual damage to lung tissue
Ex COPD
28
Pre-eclampsia
High blood pressure in pregnancy
29
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Early pregnancy complication which is severe nausea, vomiting and weight loss
30
Placenta Abruption
Placenta separates from inner wall of the uterus before birth
Sudden abdominal/pack pain
31
Placenta Accreta
Placenta (after birth) grows into the uterine wall during pregnancy
It remains attached
32
Placenta previa
Placenta lies very low in the uterus and covers all or part of cervical opening
33
Pernicious anemia
Low vitamin B12
Causes megaloblast anemia
(Large RBC in the bone marrow)
34
Addison’s Disease
Body does not make enough certain hormones
Adrenal gland makes too little cortisol and aldosterone
Low B/P, fatigue, nausea
Moon face, fluid retention, obesity
35
Leykopenia
Abnormal reduction of WBC specially the granulocytes
36
Pancytopenia
Decrease in all three blood cell lines
Cancer
37
Anemia
Blood produces a lower than normal amount of healthy RBC
38
Dumping syndrome
Group of symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, light headed and tired after a meal
39
Antrectomy (Gastrectomy)
Removal of the stomach antrum and stomach is reduced
40
Mas low’s Hierarchy
- self actualización
- steem
- love and belonging
- safety needs
- physiological needs
41
Myasthenia gravis
Antibodies destroy communication between nerves and muscle
(Droopy eyelid and mouth)
42
Erickson Stages
Infancy
HOPE
Infancy 0-1 year
- Trust and mistrust
43
Erikson stage
Early childhood
WILL
Early childhood
1-3 years
Autonomy vs. shame/ doubt
44
Erikson stage
Play age
PURPOSE
Play age
3-6 years
Initiative vs. guilt
45
Erikson stage
School age
COMPETENCE
School age
7-11 years
Industry vs. inferiority
46
Erikson stage
Adolescence
FIDELITY
Adolescence
12-18 years
Identity vs. confusion
47
Erikson stage
Early adulthood
LOVE
Early adulthood
19-29 years
Intimacy vs. isolation
48
Erikson stage
Middle age
CARE
Middle age
30-64 years
Generativity vs. stagnation
49
Erikson stage
Old age
WISDOM
Old age
65 onward
Integrity vs. despair
50
Phenylketonuria
Rare inherited disorder that causes amino acid phenylalanine to build up
Lead to brain damage
Diet limits protein intake
51
LOA
Left occiput anterior
52
LOP
Left occiput posterior
53
ROA
Right Occiput anterior
54
ROP
Right occiput posterior
55
LOT
Left occiput Transverse
56
ROT
Right occiput Transverse
57
Diuretic meds
Help increase urine, excretion water through kidneys
Called water tablet
58
Diuretic meds types
Chlorothiazide
Chlortgalidone
Hydrochlorithiazide
Indapamide
Loop diuretic
Potassium-sparing diuretic
Thiazide
Metolazone
59
Anti hypertensive meds
Used to treat hypertension
Ex: ACE inhibitors, ARBs, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers &methyldopa
60
Opioid meds
Pain reducing meds
Ex; oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine
61
Hypovolemic shock
Severe blood or other fluids loss makes the heart unable to pump enough blood to the body
62
Neurogenic shock
Devastating consequence of spinal cord injury
- hypotension, bradyarrhythmia and temp disregulation.
63
Septic shock
A widespread infection causing organ failure & low blood pressure
64
Anégale rule
Add 7 days to last menstrual day,
Minus 3 months
65
Dystonic reaction
Involuntary contractions of muscles (throat, tongue, neck,eyes, mouth,abdomen, pelvis)
66
Subjective data
Client’s perception
67
Objective data
Perceptive to the senses
(Sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste or measurable data)
68
Mottling
Red and purple spots appear on toes, feet and fingers
Common symptoms near the end of life
69
Dyspnea
Difficult breathing
70
Thrombolytic therapy
AKA fivrinolytic therapy
Use of meds to destroy blood clots or prevent new clots from forming
71
Dyspraxia
Disorder that affects movement and coordination
72
Dysphasia
Impairment of speech
73
Aphasia
Full loss of language
Inability to express and understand written or spoken language
74
Orthopnea
Difficult breathing while in supine position
75
Hepatomegaly
Enlargement of the liver
76
Peripheral edema
Leg swelling caused by fluid retention
77
Left side heart failure
Dyspnea
Orthopnea
Frothy sputum
Crackles
78
Right side heart failure
Edema
Jugular vein distention
Hepatomegaly
Ascites
Decreased bowel sounds
79
Ascites
Pathological accumulation fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Abdomen
80
Digoxin elixir
For heart failure
81
Lanolin elixir
For heart to beat stronger and more regular rhythm
82
Enteropathy
Small intestine disease
Irritation, swelling
83
Thorazine
To treat mental health
Schizophrenia and bipolar
84
Dilantin (phenytoin)
For seizures
Will require more dental visits
85
Lovenox (Enoxaparin)
Injection, blood thinner
Anticoagulant
Treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
86
Hydrochlorothiazide
Diuretic
Treat high B/P & edema
87
Dyspepsia
Indigestion
Abdominal discomfort, bloating or gassiness
88
Sulfamylon cream
Treat & prevent wound infection patients with severe burns
89
Chelating agents
To reduce blood and tissue levels of injuries with heavy metals
To reduce concentration
90
Timoptic
To treat high pressure inside the eye
Ex; glaucoma
91
Ménière’s disease
Fluids in the inner ear
Vertigo, nausea, vomiting, loss of hearing, HA, sweating
92
Tetralogy of fallot
Combination of 4 heart defects
93
Hemophilia
Blood does not clot normally
Can take Tylenol
94
Varicella
Highly contagious viral infection
Chicken pox
Apply a paste of baking soda & water
95
Hypospadias with chordee
Urinary meat is is on the dorsum of the penus
(Underside)
96
Multiple sclerosis
Immune system eats away at the nerves
Brain & body communication disrupted
97
Pre-eclampsia
High B/P during pregnancy
Pay attention to facial swelling
98
Hypertension
High blood pressure
99
Nitroglycerin ointment
Treat chest pain by relaxing blood vessels
Apply on hairless area
Remove previous ointment
100
Oxalate renal calculi
Kidney stones
Avoid eating rhubarb/spinach/wheat bran
101
Legg-calve perthes disease
Disorder of hip joint - temp femoral head loses blood supply, becomes inflated and irritated
Prevent weight bearing of affected leg
102
Hirschsprung’s disease
Disease where some nerve cells are missing in large intestine
Can’t move stool
103
Methergine med
Treat severe bleeding from uterus after childbirth
104
Calcium gluconate
Iv
Treat low blood calcium,
High blood potassium
Magnesium toxicity
105
Aquamephyton
IV, IM, and subcutaneous
To counteract the effects of sodium sulfate
106
Sodium sulfate
A combination Use to cleanse the colon before a colonoscopy
107
Subcutaneous
45 degree angle pass the skin
108
Congnitive disorder
Any disorder that impairs normal functions in society if possible w/o treatment
Ex; Alzheimer’s
Recommend client to take part in a reality orientation group
109
Exstrophy of the bladder
The bladder develops outside the fetus
110
Vesicoureteral reflux
Urine from bladder flows back into the kidneys
111
Epispadias
Uretha does not develop into a full tube and urine exits the body from abdomen
112
Oxycodone
To treat pain
Schedule II narcotic
113
Cannabis methaqualone
AKA marijuana
Central nervous system depressant that acts as sedative and hypnotic
114
Angina pain
Chest pain, usually 5 minutes
Caused by reduced blood to the heart
Is relieved by nitroglycerin
115
Naltrexone
Hinders pt from feeling pleasure when drinking alcohol or drug abuse
Do not crave
116
Kawasaki disease
Causes inflammation in the walls of some blood vessels
Most common in infants and young children
Strawberry tongue
117
Equinus-fixed plantar flexion
Club foot
118
Iron supplement
Take with vitamin C
Ex: tomato juice
119
Dementia
Inability to make appropriate decisions or judgments
Memory loss
120
Ativan (Lorazepam)
Use to lessen alcohol withdrawal
Produces sedation and hypnosis
121
Methadone (Dolophine)
Use to withdrawal from opioids
122
Narcan (Naloxone)
Treat narcotic overdose in an emergency situation
123
Antabuse (disulfiram)
Treat alcohol abuse by producing unpleasant side effects and sensitivity to alcohol
124
Mankoski pain scale
Numerical scale from 1-10
125
Tetracycline
Treat infections including acne
126
Data collection & validation
1. Assessment
2. Planning
3. Implementation
127
CHF
Congestive heart failure
Weakened heart condition that causes fluid buildup in the feet, arms, lungs and other organs
128
Case management
Spending time with individual and families to assess social and economic needs
129
Collaboration
Cross disciplinary activity in medicine- communication for health needs of pt.
130
Trendelenburg position
Supine Head down posture 15-30 degrees
To reduce hypotension
131
Fowler’s position
Sitting position 45-60 degrees
132
Supine position
Flat on back
133
Prone position
Laying on stomach
134
Sim’s position
Lying face down leg bend
135
Dorsal recumbent position
Lies on back, lower extremities flexed and rotated outward
136
Chlordiazepoxide (Librium)
Treat anxiety, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and tremors
137
Lithotomy
Surgical removal of a calculus (stone) from the bladder, kidney or urinary tract
138
Coronary artery disease
CAD
Build up of plaque. Arteries narrow, limiting blood flow to the heart
139
Botulism
Caused by a toxin that attacks the body nerves
Difficulty breathing, muscle paralysis and even death
140
Methamphetamines
Can treat ADHD
Can help obese pt lose wt.
Causes seizures, high temp, hallucinations, tachycardia
141
Benzodiazepines
Depressant drug
Treat anxiety, insomnia and seizures
142
Barbiturates
Depressant drug
Treat seizures, neonatal withdrawal, insomnia, pre operative anxiety
143
Assessing patient
1. Inspection
2. Auscultation- listening
3. Percussing - tapping finger
4. Palpitations - touching
144
Warfarin
Oral anticoagulant
Treat and prevent blood clots
Do not consume with vit K
145
Acetaminophen
Treat minor aches and pains and reduces fever.
Tylenol
Too much can cause liver damage
146
Ondasetron
It can prevent N&V caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation and surgery
147
Naloxone
Opioid antagonist- binds to opioid receptors to block other opioids such as heroine
Treat narcotics overdose
148
Furosemide
Treat fluid retention and swelling caused by congestive heart failure, liver/ kidney disease
149
Ferrous sulfate
Iron
Treat chronic anemia
150
Greenstick fracture
Cortex and periosteum are interrupted on one side of bone but remain okay on the other side
151
Positive chvostek’s
Indícates that calcium levels are low
152
Positive trousseau’s
Carpopedal spams of hand and wrist
Test: blood pressure cuff left for 3 minutes
Positive- hand draws in but fingers extend
153
Gout
Urate crystals accumulate in joint causing inflammation
Form of arthritis, severe pain, redness and tenderness in joints
154
Ileostomy
Opening on the belly (right side)
155
Colostomy
Artificial opening in the abdomen to bypass damaged part of colon. ( left side)
156
External fixation device
Use to keep fractured bones stabilized and in alignment
Outside
157
Jackson Pratt drain
Soft plastic bulb w/stopper
Used after surgery to remove oozing and shedding of fluids
158
Respiratory acidosis
Ph down and pco2 goes up
Retention of co2 by lungs
159
1 kilogram
1000 grams
160
1 gram
1000 milligrams
161
1 milligram
1000 micro milligrams
162
1 liter
1000 milliliters
163
1 milliliter
1 cubic centimeter
164
1 meter
1000 millimeters
Or
100 centimeters
165
1 teaspoon
5 milliliters
166
1 tablespoon
15 milliliters
167
1 ounce
30 milliliters
168
1 cup
240 milliliters
169
1 inch
2.5 centimeters
170
1 pint
16 oz
171
2 pints
1 quart or 32 oz
172
1 gallon
4 quarts
173
1 ounce
30 milliliters
174
1 pint
16 oz or 500 milliliters
175
1 liter
1000 milliliters or
1 quart or
32 oz
176
1 grain
60 to 65 milligrams
177
15 grains
1 gram
178
1 kilogram
1000 grams
Or
2.2 pounds
179
Fahrenheit to Celsius
Subtract 32
Divide by 1.8
180
Celsius to Fahrenheit
Multiple by 1.8
Add 32
181
Hemochromatosis
Too much iron in the blood
182
Esophagoscopy
Check gag reflex
Procedure where endoscopy is inserted
183
Epiglottitis
Upper airway infection
Sore throat, drooling, muffled phonation, temp 102
184
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Rare lung disease, caused by defect cilia
Excessive mucus, chronic wheezing, cough and nasal congestion
185
Subglottic hemangioma
Large masses in airway
Croup like cough, difficult breathing, stridor
186
Sinusitis
Sinuses inflammation
Postnasal drip, runny nose, pain, nasal congestion
187
Anorexia nervosa
Unwanted fear of being overweight
188
Broncodilators side effects
Tremors, nausea, dry mouth, increase heart rate
Meds that relax airway muscles
189
Bacterial meningitis
Inflammation of brain & spinal cord
Assess tenderness of anterior fontanel
190
Negative scarf
Preterm infant
Test baby elbow to the shoulder and if is in pain
191
Positive Babinski reflex
examiner squeezes the patient's calf muscle tightly, while monitoring the toes.[1] Response: A normal (negative) response is no reaction at the toes. An abnormal (positive) response is an ipsilateral extensor plantar reflex - extension of the hallux with fanning of the other toes.
192
Periorbital edema
Swelling around eyes
193
Hypoglycemia signs
Tremulousness
Fast heartbeat.
Shaking.
Sweating.
Nervousness or anxiety.
Irritability or confusion.
Dizziness.
Hunger.
194
Hyperglycemia signs
increased thirst and a dry mouth.
needing to pee frequently.
tiredness.
blurred vision.
unintentional weight loss.
recurrent infections, such as thrush, bladder infections (cystitis) and skin infections.
195
Multiple sclerosis
nerve damage disrupts communication between the brain and the body
Double vision ( diplopia )
fatigue.
numbness and tingling.
loss of balance and dizziness.
stiffness or spasms.
tremor.
pain.
bladder problems.
bowel trouble.
196
Renal calculus
Kidney stones
Gout (increased uric acid)
197
Cimetidine
Use to prevent side effects of prednisone ( which produces gastric ulcers)
198
Vastus lateralis muscle
Recommended injection site for infant
199
Cytoxan ( cyclophosphamide)
Med for nephrotic syndrome patient
To prevent hemorrhagic cystitis (urinary bladder lining becomes inflamed and bleeds)
Pt need extra fluids
200
hemorrhagic cystitis
urinary bladder lining becomes inflamed and bleeds
201
Antabuse ( disulfiram)
To maintain sobriety
By producing uncomfortable side effects when combined with alcohol
202
Romazicon ( flumazenil )
Treat benzodiazepine overdose
203
Dolophine ( methadone )
Treat of opiate withdrawal
204
Librium ( chlordiazepoxide)
Is a benzodiazepine is to treat withdrawal symptoms from alcohol
Blocks and decrease brain activity to produce relaxation
205
Cytomegalovirus
CMV can cause mononucleosis or hepatitis (liver problem).
symptoms affecting the eyes, lungs, liver, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. Babies born with CMV can have brain, liver, spleen, lung, and growth problems
206
Dilantin ( Phenytoin )
For seizures
Side effect is gingival hyperplasia
207
Zofran ( ondansetron )
Prevents nausea (antiemetic)
208
Drugs to prevent anemia
Ferrous sulfate, folic acid and erythropoietin
209
Drugs to promote relaxation
Diazepam, alprazolam and chlordiazepoxide
210
Drugs to increase neutrophil
Allopurinol, epinephrine, heparin, and corticosteroids
211
Chlorpromazine ( Thorazine )
For schizophrenia
Can cause infections- sore throat
212
Oxygen standing orders
6L per minute with oxygen via mask
Normally is 30-40% of oxygen at 5-10L/min
213
Acute aspirin toxicity
Tinnitus
214
Chronic aspirin overdose
Confusion, lactic acidosis and hypoxia
215
Hypoxia
Low levels of oxygen
216
Exstrophy of the bladder
Position new born on either side
It helps urine to drain
217
Hutchinson- Gilford syndrome
Causes quick aging to children = Progeria
Life expectancy 13 years
218
Urine specific gravity
1.005 - 1.030
219
Demerol ( meperidine )
For pancreatitis pain med
Non opiate analgesic
220
Magnesium overdose
Side effect is diarrhea
221
Antacids - calcium and aluminum
Can cause constipation
