nclex cram Flashcards
(260 cards)
1
Q
Heart Rate
A
80-100
2
Q
Respiratory Rate
A
12-20 rpm
3
Q
Blood Pressure
A
110-120/60 mmHg
4
Q
Temperature
A
36-39⚬C (98.6⚬F)
5
Q
RBC
A
4.5-5.0 million
6
Q
WBC
A
5,000-10,000
7
Q
Platelets
A
150,000-400,000
8
Q
Hemoglobin
A
12-18 gm
9
Q
Hematocrit
A
37-54|(Remember 3 x the Hemoglobin)
10
Q
Sodium
A
135-145
11
Q
Potassium
A
3.5-5.0
12
Q
Calcium
A
8.5-10.5
13
Q
Chloride
A
95-105
14
Q
Magnesium
A
1.5-2.5
15
Q
Phosporus
A
2.5-4.5
16
Q
pH
A
7.35-7.45
17
Q
HCO3-
A
22-26
18
Q
Co2+
A
35-45
19
Q
PaO2
A
80%-100%
20
Q
SaO2
A
95-100%
21
Q
Acid-Base Balance
A
ROME|Respiratory Opposite |Metabolic Equal
22
Q
Glucose
A
70-110
23
Q
Specific Gravity
A
1.010-1.030
24
Q
BUN
A
10-20
25
Serum Creatinine
0.6-1.2 mg/dL
26
LDH
100-190
27
Protein
6.2-8.1
28
Albumin
3.5-5
29
Bilirubin
<1.0
30
Total Cholesterol
130-200
31
Triglycerides
40-50
32
Uric Acid
3.5-7.5
33
CPK
21-232
34
Therapeutic Drug Level: Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
4-10 mpg/ml
35
Therapeutic Drug Level: Digoxin (Lanoxin)
0.8-2.0 ng/mL
36
Therapeutic Drug Level: Gentamycin
5-10 mcg/ml (peak)|<2.0 mag/ml (valley)
37
Therapeutic Drug Level: Lithium (Eskalith)
0.8-1.5 mEq/L
38
Therapeutic Drug Level: Phenobarbital (Solfoton)
15-40 mpg/mL
39
Therapeutic Drug Level: Phenytoin (Dilantin)
10-20 mcg/mL
40
Therapeutic Drug Level: Theopylline (Aminophylline)
10-20 mpg/dL
41
Therapeutic Drug Level: Tobramycin (Tobrex)
5—10 mcg/mL (peak), 0.5—2.0 mcg/mL (valley)
42
Therapeutic Drug Level: Valproic Acid (Depakene)
50-100 mcg/mL
43
Therapeutic Drug Level: Vancomycin (Vancocin)
20—40 mcg/ml (peak), 5 to 15 mcg/ml (trough)
44
Sodium warfarin (Coumadin)
PT: 10—12 seconds (control). ||The antidote is Vitamin K
45
INR
0.9-1.2 Coumadin
46
Heparin
PTT 30-45 seconds |The antidote is Protamine Sulfate
47
APTT
3-31.9 seconds
48
Fibrinogen Level
203-377 mg/dL
49
1 teaspoon (t)
5 mL
50
1 tablespoon (T)
3 teaspoons (t)|15 ml
51
1 oz
30 ml
52
1 cup
8 oz
53
1 quart
2 pints
54
1 pint
2 cups
55
1 gram
1000 mg
56
1 kg
2.2 lbs
57
1 lb
16 oz
58
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
F= C * 9/5 + 32
59
Convert Fahrenheit to Celsius
C = (F-32) 5/9
60
Fetal Heart Rate
120-160 bpm
61
Variability
6-10 bpm
62
Amniotic Fluid
500-1200 ml
63
Contractions
2—5 minutes apart with duration of < 90 seconds and intensity of <100 mmHg.
64
APGAR
Appearance (all pink, pink and blue, blue (pale)|Pulse (>100, <100, absent)|Grimace (cough, grimace, no response)|Activity (flexed, flaccid, limp)|Respirations (strong cry, weak cry, absent)||Done at 1 and 5 minutes
65
AVA
umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein (arteries carry deoxygenated blood and veins carry oxygenated blood)
66
STOP-Treatment for maternal hypotension after an epidural anesthesia:
- S- stop the pitocin if infusing|- T- turn the client on the left side|- O- Administer Oxygen|- P- push IV fluids
67
Pregnancy Category A
Controlled studies in animal and women have shown no risk in the 1st trimester, and possible fetal harm is remote
68
Pregnancy Category B
No risk in animal studies, and well-controlled studies in pregnant women are not available. It is assumed there is little to no risk in pregnant women.
69
Pregnancy Category C
Risk not excluded. Adequate studies lacking. Chance of fetal harm but benefits outweigh risks.
70
Pregnancy Category D
Positive evidence of human fetal risk BUT benefits outweigh risks
71
Pregnancy Category X
Contraindicated in pregnancy
72
Schedule I Drugs
These drugs have NO accepted medical use in the united states. These drugs have the highest abuse potential (heroin, LSD, MDMA)
73
Schedule II Drugs
- Drugs have high potential for abuse|- Drugs have currently accepted medical uses, although there may be serious restrictions|- Abuse of drug may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence|- may not be used unless directly dispensed by a practitioner|- refills not allowed --> must write multiple prescriptions at once|- must be stored in a safe, while other schedules can be stored throughout pharmacy
74
Schedule III Drugs
These drugs may be refilled 5 times in a six month period. These drugs have less potential for abuse/dependence than schedule I or schedule II drugs (codeine, testosterone, ketamine)
75
Schedule IV Drugs
Requires a new prescription after six months (example Darvon, xanax, valium)
76
Schedule V Drugs
dispensed as any other prescription or without prescription if state law allows (example antitussives)
77
Antacids
-oxide||Reduces hydrochloric acid in the stomach
78
Antianemic
epoeitin alpha (Epogen)||increases blood cell production
79
Anticholinergics
decrease oral secretions
80
Anticoagulant
slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming
81
Anticonvulsants
used for the management of seizure disorder and treatment of bipolar disorder
82
Antidiarrheals
Decrease gastric motility and reduce water in bowel
83
Antihistamines
Block the release of histamine
84
Antihypertensives
Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow
85
Anti-infectives
used for the treatment of infections
86
Bronchodilators
dilates large air passages in asthma or lung diseases (e.g., COPD).
87
Diuretics
Decrease water/sodium from the Loop of Henle
88
Laxatives
promote the passage of stool
89
Miotics
Constrict the pupils
90
Mydriatics
dilate pupils
91
Narcotics/analgesics
relieves moderate to severe pain
92
Rule of Nines
Head and Neck= 9%|Each upper ext= 9%|Each lower ext= 18%|Front trunk= 18%|Back trunk= 18%|Genitalia= 1%
93
Digoxin(Lanoxin)
Assess pulses for a full minute, if less than 60bpm hold dose. ||Check digitalis and potassium levels
94
Aluminum hydroxide
Treatment of GERD and kidney stones. WOF (watch out for) constipation.
95
Hydroxyzine
Treatment of anxiety and itching. WOF dry mouth
96
Midazolam (Versed)
Given for conscious sedation. Watch out for (WOF) respiratory depression and hypotension.
97
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
WOF diaphoresis, dyspnea, lethargy. ||Take missed dose any time in the day or to skip it entirely. ||Do not take double dose.
98
Warfarin (Coumadin)
WOF for signs of bleeding, diarrhea, fever, or rash. ||Stress importance of complying with prescribed dosage and follow-up appointments.||--> PT
99
Methylphenidate
Treatment of ADHD. Assess for heart related side-effects and report immediately. Child may need a drug holiday because the drug stunts growth.
100
Dopamine
Treatment of hypotension, shock, and low cardiac output, ||Monitor ECG for arrhythmias and blood pressure
101
Rifampin
Can cause a harmless orange discoloration of body fluids (pee, sweat, tears). ||They inhibit RNA polymerase. TB can gain resistance by structural alteration of this RNA polymerase to no longer bind rifampin.
102
Ethambutol
causes problems with vision, liver problem.
103
Isoniazid
causes peripheral neuritis||take vitamin B6 to counter
104
Devlopmental Milestones ||2-3 Months
Able to turn head up and can turn side to side ||Makes cooing or gurgling noises and can turn head to sound
105
Devlopmental Milestones ||4-5 Months
Grasps, switch and roll over tummy to back. Can babble and can mimic sounds
106
Devlopmental Milestones ||6-7 Months
Sits at 6 months and waves bye bye ||Can recognize familiar faces and knows if someone is a stranger ||Passes things back and forth between hands
107
Developmental Milestones ||8-9 Months
Stands straight at 8 ||Has a favorite toy ||Plays peek a boo
108
Devlopmental Milestones ||10-11 Months
Belly to butt
109
Devlopmental Milestones ||12-13 Months
twelve and up drinks from cup ||Cries when parents leave ||Uses furniture to cruise
110
African Americans
May believe that illness is caused by supernatural causes and seek advice and remedies form faith healers; they are family oriented; have higher incidence of high blood pressure and obesity; high incidence of lactose intolerance with difficulty digesting milk and milk products.
111
Arab Americans
May remain silent about health problems such as STIs, substance abuse, and mental illness; a devout Muslim may interpret illness as the will of Allah, a test of faith; may rely on ritual cures or alternative therapies before seeking help from health care provider; after death, the family may want to prepare the body by washing and wrapping the body in unsewn white cloth; postmortem examinations are discouraged unless required by law. May avoid pork and alcohol if Muslim. Islamic patients observe month long fast of Ramadan (begins approximately mid-October); people suffering from chronic illnesses, pregnant women, breast-feeding, or menstruating don't fast. Females avoid eye contact with males; use same-sex family members as interpreters.
112
Asian Americans
May value ability to endure pain and grief with silent stoicism; typically family oriented; extended family should be involved in care of dying patient; believes in "hot-cold" yin/yang often involved; sodium intake is generally high because of salted and dried foods; may believe prolonged eye contact is rude and an invasion of privacy; may not without necessarily understanding; may prefer to maintain a comfortable physical distance between the patient and the health care provider.
113
Latino Americans
May view illness as a sign of weakness, punishment for evil doing; may consult with a curandero or voodoo priest; family members are typically involved in all aspects of decision making such as terminal illness; may see no reason to submit to mammograms or vaccinations.
114
Native Americans
May turn to a medicine man to determine the true cause of an illness; may value the ability to endure pain or grief with silent stoicism; diet may be deficient in vitamin D and calcium because many suffer from lactose intolerance or don't drink milk; obesity and diabetes are major health concerns; may divert eyes to the floor when they are praying or paying attention.
115
Western Culture
May value technology almost exclusively in the struggle to conquer diseases; health is understood to be the absence, minimization, or control of disease process; eating utensils usually consists of knife, fork, and spoon; three daily meals is typical.
116
Acute Renal Disease Diet
protein-restricted, high-calorie, fluid-controlled, sodium and potassium controlled.
117
Addisons Disease Diet
increased sodium, low potassium diet.
118
ADHD and Bipolar Diet
high-calorie and provide finger foods.
119
Burns Diet
high protein, high caloric, increase in Vitamin C.
120
Cancer Diet
high calorie, high protein
121
Celiac Disease Diet
gluten-free diet (no BROW: barley, rye, oat, and wheat).
122
Chronic Renal Disease Diet
protein-restricted, low-sodium, fluid-restricted, potassium-restricted, phosphorus-restricted.
123
Cirrhosis (stable) Diet
Normal Protein
124
Cirrhosis with hepatic insufficiency diet
restrict protein, fluids, and sodium.
125
Constipation diet
high-fiber, increased fluids
126
COPD Diet
soft, high-calorie, low-carbohydrate, high-fat, small frequent feedings
127
Cystic Fibrosis Diet
Increase in fluids
128
Diarrhea Diet
liquid, low-fiber, regular, fluid and electrolyte replacement
129
Gallbladder Disease Diet
low-fat, calorie-restricted, regular
130
Gastritis Diet
low-fiber, bland diet||BRATS diet
131
Hepatitis Diet
regular, high-calorie, high-protein
132
Hyperlipidemia diet
fat-controlled, calorie-restricted
133
Hypertension, heart failure, CAD diet
low sodium,|calorie-restricted, fat-controlled
134
Kidney Stones Diet
increased fluid intake, calcium-controlled, low-oxalate
135
Nephrotic Syndrome Diet
sodium-restricted, high-calorie, high-protein, potassium-restricted.
136
Obesity, overweight Diet
calorie-restricted, high-fiber
137
Pancreatitis Diet
low-fat, regular, small frequent feedings; tube feeding or total parenteral nutrition.
138
Peptic Ulcer Diet
bland diet||BRATS
139
Pernicious Anemia Diet
increase Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin), found in high amounts on shellfish, beef liver, and fish.
140
Sickle Cell Anemia Diet
increase fluids to maintain hydration since sickling increases when patients become dehydrated.
141
Stroke Diet
mechanical soft, regular, or tube-feeding.
142
Underweight Diet
high calorie, high protein
143
Vomiting Diet
fluid and electrolyte replacement
144
Asthma Position
Orthopneic position where patient is sitting up and bent forward with arms supported on a table or chair arms ||"tripod"
145
Post Bronchoscopy Position
flat on bed with head hyperextended
146
Cerebral Aneurysm Position
high fowlers
147
Hemorrhagic Stroke Position
HOB elevated 30 degrees to reduce ICP and facilitate venous drainage
148
Cardiac Cauterization Position
keep site extended
149
Ischemic Stroke Position
HOB flat
150
Epistaxis Position
to lean forward
151
Above Knee Amputation Position
elevate for first 24 hours on pillow, position prone daily to|provide for hip extension.
152
Tube feeding for patients with decreased LOC Position
position patient on right side to promote emptying of the stomach with HOB elevated to prevent aspiration
153
Air/Pulmonary Embolism Position
turn patient to left side and lower HOB
154
Postural Drainage Positioning
Lung segment to be drained should be in the uppermost position to allow gravity to work.
155
Post Lumbar Puncture Position
patient should lie flat in supine to prevent headache and leaking of CSF.
156
Continuous Bladder Irrigation (CBI) Positioning
Catheter should be taped to thigh so legs should be kept straight
157
After Myringotomy Position
Position on side of affected ear after surgery (allows drainage of secretions)
158
Post Cataract Surgery Position
Patient will sleep on unaffected side with night shield for 1-4 weeks
159
Detached Retina Position
area of detachment should be in the dependent position
160
Post Tyroidectomy Position
low or semi-fowlers, support head, neck and shoulders
161
Thoracentesis Position
sitting position, arms raised and resting overbed table (during procedure) ||Affected side up after procedure
162
Spina Bifida Position
position infant on prone so sac does not rupture
163
Bucks Traction Position
Elevate foot of bed for counter-traction
164
Post Total Hip Replacement Positioning
don't sleep on operated side, don't flex hip more than 45-|60 degrees, don't elevate HOB more than 45 degrees. Maintain hip abduction by separating|thighs with pillows.
165
Prolapsed Cord Position
Knee-chest Position
166
Cleft-lip Position
Position on back or in infant seat to prevent trauma to the suture line. While feeding, hold in an upright position
167
Cleft Palat Position
Prone
168
Hemorrhoidectomy Position
assist to lateral position
169
Hiatial Hernia Position
Upright Position
170
Preventing Dumping Syndrome Position
Eat in reclined position, lie down after meals for 20-30 minutes(also restrict fluids during meals, low fiber diet, and small frequent meals)
171
Enema Administration Position
Position patient in left-side lying (Sims position) with knees flexed
172
Increase ICP Position
high Fowlers
173
Laminectomy Position
back as straight as possible; log roll to move and sand bag on sides
174
Spinal Cord Injury
Immobilize on spine board, with head in neutral position. Immobilize head with padded C-collar, maintain traction and alignment of head manually. Log roll client and do not allow client to twist or bend.
175
Liver Biopsy Position
right side lying with pillow or small towel under puncture site for at least 3 hours
176
Paracentesis Position
flat on bed or sitting
177
Intestinal tubes Position
place patient on right side to facilitate passage into duodenum
178
Nasogastric Tube Position
elevate HOB 30 degrees to prevent aspiration, Maintain elevation for continuous feeding or 1 hour after intermittent feedings
179
Pelvic Exam Position
lithotomy position
180
Rectal Exam Positon
Knee chest position. Sims or dorsal recumbent
181
During Internal Radiation Position
on bed rest while implant in place
182
Autonomic Dysreflexia Position
place client in sitting position (elevate HOB) first before any other implementation
183
Shock Position
bedrest with extremities elevated 20 degrees. knees straight, head slightly elevated (modified Trendelenberg)
184
Head Injury Position
30 to decrease ICP
185
Peritoneal Dialysis (when outflow is inadequate)
turn pt from side to side BEFORE checking for kinks in tubing
186
Oil-Based Dye Position
Flat on bed for at least 6-8 hours to prevent leakage of CSF
187
Air Dye
Trendelenburg
188
pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) S/S
low-grade afternoon fever
189
Pneumonia symptoms
Rust colored sputum
190
Asthma symptoms
Wheezing on expiration
191
Emphysema Symptoms
-barrel chest |-pursed lip breathing| -dypnea on exertion
192
Kawasaki Syndrome Symptom
Strawberry tongue
193
Pernicious Anemia Symptoms
red beefy tongue
194
Down Syndrome Symptoms
Protruding Tongue
195
Cholera Symptoms
rice water stool|washer women hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration)
196
Malaria Symptoms
Stepladder like fever with chills
197
Typhoid Symptoms
Rose Spots in the Abdomen
198
Dengue Symptoms
fever, rash, and headache. |positive hermans sign
199
Diptheria Symptoms
pseudomembrane formation
200
Measles Symptoms
Koplik spots
201
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) symptoms
butterfly rash
202
Leprosy Symptoms
leonine facies (thickened folded facial skin)
203
Bulemia Symptoms
Chipmunk Face (Parotid gland swelling)
204
Appendicitis Symptoms
Rebound Tnderness at McBurneys Point. Rovsing Sing (Palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ) Psoas sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip)
205
Meningitis Symptoms
Kernigs sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees ||Brudzinskis sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips)
206
Tetany Symptoms
hypocalcemia |(+) Trousseaus sign |Chvostek sign
207
Pancreatitis Symptoms
Cullens Sign (ecchymosis of the umbilicus) ||Grey Turners sign (bruising of the flank)
208
Pyloric Stenosis Symptoms
Olive like mass
209
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) symptoms
washing machine like murmer
210
Addisons Disease symptoms
bronze like skin |(hypo)
211
Cushings Syndrome Symptoms
moon face appearance and buffalo hump
212
Graves Disease Symptoms
Exophthalmos (bulging of eyes)
213
Intussusception Symptoms
Sausage-shaped mass
214
MS Symptoms
Charcots Triad: nystagmus, intention tremor, and dysarthria
215
Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms
Progressive weakness and lack of muscle control with periodic acute episodes||Ptosis (drooping of eyelids)
216
Guillain-Barre syndrome
ascending muscle weakness
217
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Homan's sign
218
Angina
crushing, stabbing chest pain relieved by nitro
219
MI
Crushing stubbing pain which radiates to left shoulder, neck, arms, unrelieved by NTG
220
Parkinson Disease
pill-rolling tremors
221
CMV Infection
Owls eye appearance of cells (huge nucleus in cells)
222
Glaucoma
tunnel vision
223
retinal detachment
Flashes of light, shadow with curtain across the vision
224
basilar skull fracture
Raccoon eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) and Battle's sign (mastoid ecchymosis).
225
DKA
acetone breath
226
PIH Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Proteinuria, hypertension, edema
227
DM
polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia
228
GERD
heartburn
229
Hirschsprung disease
*RIBBON LIKE STOOLS*|low fiber and HIGH DIET
230
Herpes Simplex Type II
painful vesicles on genitalia
231
Genital Warts
warts 1-2 mm in diameter
232
Syphilis
painless chancres
233
Chancroid
painful, crater-like sores
234
Gonorrhea
green creamy discharge and painful urination
235
Chlamydia
milky discharge and painful urination
236
Candidiasis
white cheesy odorless discharge
237
Trichomoniasis
yellow, itchy, frothy, and foul-smelling vaginal discharges
238
______________ is the best indicator of dehydration
Weight
239
Neutropenic patients should not receive
vaccines, fresh fruits or flowers
240
Nitroglycerin Patch
administered up to 3 times in intervals of 5 minutes
241
Morphine is contraindicated in:
Pancreatitis. It causes spasm of the Sphincter of Oddi. Therefore Demerol should be given.
242
NEVER give ______ in IV push
Potassium
243
Infants born to HIV (+) moms
should receive all vaccines on schedule
244
Gravida
number of times a woman has been pregnant
245
Para
number of pregnancies that have reach viability
246
Lochia Rubra
Reddish or red-brown vaginal discharge that occurs immediately after childbirth; composed mostly of blood.
247
Lochia Serosa
Pinkish/brown, serosanguineous. Lasts day 4-10 postpartum
248
Lochia Alba
the vaginal discharge of decreased blood and increased leukocytes that's the final stage of lochia. It occurs 7 to 10 days after childbirth.
249
RACE
rescue, alarm, contain, extinguish
250
Quadriplegic patient experiencing autonomic dyslexia
Elevate HOB as high as possible
251
Veracity
truthfulness, honesty
252
Beneficence
Doing good or causing good to be done; kindly action
253
Nonmaleficence
do no harm
254
Tyramine-rich foods
aged cheese, pepperoni, salami, avocados, figs, bananas, smoked fish, protein dietary supplements, soups, soy sauce, some beers, and red wine.
255
Projection
unconscious attribution of our negative characteristics to others
256
Sublimination
channeling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behavior
257
Repression
unconsciously pushing unwanted memories out of awareness
258
obsessive-compulsive disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).||Realize behavior is unreasonable, but are powerless to control
259
toxic risk associated with clozapine (Clozaril) administration
blood dyscrasia
260
Adverse Effects of Haloperidol administration
drowsiness, insomnia, weakness, HA, extrapyramidal symptoms, such as akathisia, tardive dyskinesia, and dystonia
