NCLEX-LPN _ Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF FLUID VOLUME EXCESS / HYPOVOLEMIA ?
A
TOO MUCH FLUID IN THE VASCULAR SPACE OF ANY VESSEL IN THE BODY.
2
Q
WEAK HEART, LOW CARDIAC OUTPUT, DECREASED KIDNEY PERFUSION and DECREASED URINARY OUTPUT ARE SYMPTOMS FOUND IN WHAT CARDIAC CONDITION?
A
HEART FAILURE (HF)
3
Q
VOLUME STAYS IN THE ___________________ DURING HF.
A
VASCVULAR SPACE
4
Q
WHAT CONDITION OCCURS WHEN KIDNEYS DON’T WORK?
A
KIDNEY FAILURE
5
Q
EFFERVESCENT SOLUBLE MEDICATIONS, CANNED and PROCESSED FOODS, IVF c SODIUM CONTAIN HIGH LEVELS OF_________?
A
SODIUM
6
Q
HIGH LEVELS OF ____________ RESULT IN FLUID RETENTION RESULTING IN THE BACK UP OF FLUID IN THE VASCULAR SPACE.
A
SODIUM
7
Q
ALDOSTERONE IS WHAT TYPE OF HORMONE?
A
STEROID / MINERALCORTICOID
8
Q
WHERE IS ALDOSTERONE FOUND?
A
ADRENAL GLANDS
9
Q
WHAT ARE THE NORMAL HORMONAL ACTIONS IN REGARDS TO ALDOSTERONE WHEN BLOOD VOLUME GETS TOO LOW?
A
ALDOSTERONE SECRETION INCREASES RETAINING WATER
BLOOD VOLUME INCREASES
10
Q
FLUID RETENTION =
A
HIGH LEVELS OF SODIUM AND WATER
11
Q
HYPERALDOSTERONISM CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT CONDITION?
A
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
12
Q
HYOPERALDOSTERONISM IS AKA ?
A
KONN’S SYNDROME
13
Q
LOW LEVELS OF SODIUM AND WATER CAN RESULT IN ?
A
FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT
14
Q
TOO LITTLE ALDOSTERONE CAN BE FOUND IN WHAT DISEASE ?
A
ADDISON’s DISEASE
15
Q
WHAT IS ADH ?
A
ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE
16
Q
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF ADH ?
A
WATER RETENTION
17
Q
TOO MUCH ADH or NOT ENOUGH ADH ?
- WATRER RETENTION
- DECREASED URINE OUTPUT
- INCREASED BLOOD VOLUME
A
TOO MUCH ADH
18
Q
TOO MUCH ADH or NOT ENOUGH ADH ?
- DIURESES
- DECREASED FLUID VOLUME => SHOCK
- DI
A
NOT ENOUGH
19
Q
S I A D H
TOO MANY LETTERS, TOO MUCH WATER IS ASSOCIATED WITH…?
A
SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ADH SECRETION
TOO MUCH ADH
20
Q
IS URINE CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH DECREASED UOP ?
A
CONCENTRATED
21
Q
IS URINE CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH INCREASED UOP ?
A
DILUTED
22
Q
IS BLOOD CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH INCREASED FV ?
A
DILUTED
23
Q
IS BLOOD CONCENTRATED OR DILUTED WITH DECREASED FV ?
A
CONCENTRATED
24
Q
WHAT LAB VALUES ARE EFFECTED BY FV ?
A
SG , SODIUM , HEMATOCRIT
25
***WHATY HAPPENS TO THE LAB VALUES OF SG, SODIUM, AND HEMATOCRIT URINE or BLOOD BECOME CONCENTRATED?***
**VALUES INCREASE**
26
***WHATY HAPPENS TO THE LAB VALUES OF SG, SODIUM, AND HEMATOCRIT URINE or BLOOD BECOME DILUTED?***
**VALUES DECREASE**
27
**WHERE IS ADH FOUND ?**
**PITUITARY GLAND**
28
**CRANIOTOMY, HEAD INJURY, SINUS SURGEY, TRANSSPHENIODAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY, or any CONDITION THAT INCREASES ICP CAN BE PRIMARY CAUSES OF WHAT SECONDARY HORMONAL PROBLEM ?**
**ADH PROBLEMS**
29
***VASOPRESSIN (PITRESSIN)*** **IS ANOTHER NAME FOR ?**
***ADH***
30
***VASOPRESSIN (PITRESSIN) and DESMOPRESSIN ACETATE (DDAVP)*** **CAN BE USED AS ADH REPLACEMENT IN WHICH MEDICAL CONDITION ?**
***DIABETUS INSIPIDUS***
31
**THE FOLLOWING S/S OF ….?**
* **INCREASED BP**
* ***PERIPHERAL/JUGULAR VEIN DISTENTION***
* ***PERIPHERAL EDEMA, AKA… 3rd SPACING***
* ***WET/CRACKLING LUNG SOUNDS (begins @ base)***
* ***POLYURIA***
* ***ANY ACUTE FAST WEIGHT GAIN***
***FVE***
***FLUID VOLUME EXCESS***
32
**WHAT ARE THE 4 CRITERIA FOR TAKING A PATIENT'S DAILY WIEGHT ?**
***_SAME :_***
* **TIME**
* **SCALE**
* **CLOTHING**
* **PISS BEFORE WEIGHING**
33
***_TEST TAKING STRATEGY:_***
***THINK ______________ FIRST WHEN FLUID RETENTION OCCURS.***
***CARDIAC PROBLEMS***
34
***WHAT IS THE Tx FOR FVE ?***
* **LOW SODIUM DIET**
* **FLUID RESTRICTIONS**
* **DIURETICS**
* **BED REST**
35
**WHAT** ***_DIURETIC_*** **MEDICATIONS CAN BE USED TO Tx FVE ?**
* **LOOP**
* **HCTZ**
* **POTASSIUM SPARING**
36
***_FUROSIMIDE_ , _BUMETANIDE_***
***ARE EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPE OF MEDICATIONS ?***
***LOOP DIURETICS***
37
***_FUROSEMIDE_***
## Footnote
**AKA**
***LASIX***
38
***_BUMETANIDE_***
## Footnote
**AKA**
***BUMEX***
39
***_HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE_***
## Footnote
**AKA**
***HCTZ***
***THIAZIDE***
40
**AN EXAMPLE OF A** ***_POTASSIUM SPARING_*** **DIURETIC IS ?**
***SPIRONOLACTONE***
41
**WHAT IS THE PATIENT AT RISK FOR WHILE BEING Tx WITH DIURETICS ?**
* **POTASSIUM LOSS**
* **DEHYDRATION**
42
**WHAT DOES** ***_ATRIAL NATURETIC PEPTIDE_ (ANP) TRIGGER THE RELEASE OF ?***
**SODIUM and WATER**
43
**HOW DOES** ***_BED REST_*** **INDUCE** ***_DIURESIS_*** **?**
* **RELEASES** ***_ANP_***
* **DECREASES PRODUCTION OF ADH**
44
**IVFs SHOULD BE GIVEN SLOWLY TO WHICH KINDS OF PATIENTS ?**
* **ELDERLY**
* **VERY YOUNG**
* **PMHx OF CARDIAC / RHENAL CONDITIONS**
45
***_FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT_*** **_(FVD)_**
## Footnote
**AKA**
***HYPOVOLEMIA / SHOCK***
46
**WHAT ARE 3 COMMON CAUSES OF FVD ?**
* ***LOSS OF FLUID***
* ***THIRD SPACING***
* ***DISEASES WITH POLYURIA***
47
**THORACENTESIS, PARACENTESIS, V/D, HEMORRHAGE CAN ALL RESULT IN WHAT CRITICAL CONDITION ?**
***FVD / SHOCK***
48
**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, IS WHEN FLUID IS IN A BODILY SPACE THAT IS OF NO USE.**
***THIRD SPACING***
49
**THAT OCCURS TO BODILY FLUIDS DURING BURNS AND ASCITES ?**
**THIRD SPACING**
50
**WHAT IS A SIGNIFICANT CONCERN IF THIRD SPACING OCCURS ?**
***HYPOTENSION***
51
**A COMMON EXAMPLE OF A DISEASE WHICH EXHIBITS POLYURIA IS ?**
***DM***
52
**WHAT IS THE MAJOR CONCERN WITH POLYURIA ?**
***SHOCK***
53
**WHAT IS THE PROGRESSION OF POLYURIA IF NOT TREATED ?**
***POLYURIA =\> OLIGURIA =\> ANURIA***
54
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH ?**
* **RAPID DECREASE IN WEIGHT**
* **DECREASED SKIN TURGOR**
* **DRY MUCOSE MEMBRANES**
* **DECREASED UOP**
* **INCREASE IN URINE SG**
* **DECREASED BP**
* **TACHY / WEAK / THREADY**
* **TACCHYPNEA**
* **PERIPHERAL VASOCONSTRICTION**
* **COOL EXTREMITIES**
***FVD / SHOCK***
55
**WHY IS DOES URINE OUTPUT DECREASE DURING FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT ?**
**KIDNEY EITHER AREN'T BEING PERFUSED OR THEY ARE TRYING TO HOLD ONTO FLUID TO COMPENSATE FOR FLUID LOSS**
56
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR FLUID VOLUME DEFICIT ?**
* **PREVENT FURTHER LOSS**
* **MILD - FLUIDS PO**
* **SEVERE - IVF**
* **MONITOR FOR OVERLOAD WITH IVF REPLACEMENT**
* **TREAT FOR SHOCK**
57
**THIS TYPE OF IVF GOES INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE AND STAYS THERE**
***ISOTONIC SOLUTION***
58
***NS , LR , D5W , D5 1/5 NS***
## Footnote
**ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPOES OF IV SOLUTIONS ?**
***ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS***
59
**PATIENTS WITH** ***_HTN_, _CARDIAC / KIDNEY DISEASE_*** **SHOULD NOT RECEIVE** ***_ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS_*** **BECAUSE….. ?**
***_ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS_*** **CAN CAUSE FVE, HTN, or HYPERNATREMIA**
60
**THIS TYPE OF IVF GOES INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE AND THEN SHIFTS INTO CELLS TO REPLACE CELLULAR FLUID.**
**FROM THE VASCULAR SPACE =\> INTO CELL**
***HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS***
61
***HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS*** **REHYDRATE BUT DO NOT CAUSE \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.**
***HTN***
62
***_D2.5W_ , _½ NS_ , _0.33% NS_*** **, ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPES OF IVD SOLUTIONS ?**
***HYPOTONIC SOLUTIONS***
63
**THESE IVFs ACT AS VOLUME EXPANDERS THAT DRAW FLUID INTO THE VASCULAR SPACE FROM SURROUNDING CELLS.**
***HYERTONIC SOLUTIONS***
64
***_D5LR_ , _D5 ½ NS_ , _D5NS_ , _TPN_ , _ALBUMIN_***
***ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF WHAT TYPES OF IVF SOLUTIONS ?***
***HPERTONIC SOLUTIONS***
65
***PN (PARENTAL NUTRITION) or TNA (TOTAL NUTRITIONAL ADMIXTURE)***
**AKA**
***TPN***
66
**WHAT SHOULD YOU BE CAUTIOUS OF WHEN USING HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS?**
**FVE**
67
**WHAT TYPE OF SOLUTIONS ARE USED TO TREAT PATIENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:**
* ***HYPONATREMIA***
* **SEVERE THIRD SPACE SHIFT**
* **SEVERE EDEMA**
* **SEVERE BURNS**
* **SEVERE ASCITES**
**HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS**
68
**HOW DO HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS WORK TO TREAT FVD IN PATIENTS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS:**
* ***HYPONATREMIA***
* **SEVERE THIRD SPACE SHIFT**
* **SEVERE EDEMA**
* **SEVERE BURNS**
* **SEVERE ASCITES**
**THEY WILL RETURN THE FLUID VOLUME FROM THE THIRD SPACE TO THE VASCULAR SPACE INCREASING BP.**
69
**WHAT ARE THE JOINT COMMISSION's TOP 5 HIGH ALERT MEDICATIONS REQUIRING A SECOND LICENSED NURSE CROSS CHECK ?**
* **INSULIN**
* **OPIATES / NARCS**
* **INJ. POTASSIUM CHL or PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATE**
* **IV ANTIGOAGs (HEPARIN)**
* **SODIUM CHL SOL. ABOVE 0.9%**
70
**WHAT TYPE OF EFFECT DOES MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM HAVE ON THE BODY ?**
**SEDATIVE EFFECT**
71
**WHERE IS MAGNESIUM EXCRETED ?**
**KIDNEYS AND GI TRACT**
72
**HYPERMAGNESEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY …**
**RENAL FAILURE**
**HEAVY ANTACID USE**
73
**WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?**
* ***FLUSH WARM SKIN (VASODILATION)***
* **FLACCID MUSCLE TONE**
* **DECREASED DTRs**
* **ARRYTHMIA**
* **LOC**
* **DECRESED PULSE**
* **DECREASED RR**
***HYPERMAGNESEMIA***
74
**WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?**
* ***BRITTLE / BROKEN BONES***
* **FLACCID MUSCLE TONE**
* **DECREASED DTRs**
* **ARRYTHMIA**
* **LOC**
* **DECRESED PULSE**
* **DECREASED RR**
***HYPERCALCEMIA***
75
**WHAT CONDITION(s) ARE THE FOLLOWING S/S ASSOCIATED WITH ?**
* ***BRITTLE / BROKEN BONES***
* ***KIDNEY STONES***
* **FLACCID MUSCLE TONE**
* **DECREASED DTRs**
* **ARRYTHMIA**
* **LOC**
* **DECRESED PULSE**
* **DECREASED RR**
***HYPERCALCEMIA***
76
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERMAGNESEMIA ?**
* **VENTILATOR**
* **DIALYSIS**
* **CALCIUM GLUCONATE**
77
**WHAT IS** ***_CALCIUM GLUCONATE_*** **USED AS AN ANTIDOTE FOR ?**
**MAGNESIUM TOXICITY**
78
**HYPERPARATHYROIDISM , THIAZIDES, AND IMMOBILITY CAN CAUSE WHAT TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
**HYPERCALCEMIA**
79
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERCALCEMIA ?**
* **MOVEMENT / ACTIVITY**
* **FLUIDS TO PREVENT KIDNEY STONES**
* **INCREASE HIGH PHOSPHORUS DIET**
* **STEROIDS**
* **Rx TO DECREASE SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS**
80
**BIPHOSPHATES LIKE** ***ETIDRONATE (DIDRONEL) and CALCITONIN WORK TO TREAT HYPERCALCEMIA BY ?***
**MOVING CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD TO BONES**
81
**IN RELATION TO THE SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM,**
***NOT ENOUGH = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***
**MUSCLE / DTR HYPERACTIVITY**
82
**IN RELATION TO THE SEDATIVE EFFECTS OF MAGNESIUM AND CALCIUM,**
***TOO MUCH = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_***
**MUSCLE / DTR DEPRESSION**
83
**ALCOHOLISM AND DIARRHEA CAN CAUSE WHAT KING OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
***HYPOMAGNESEMIA***
84
**HOW DOES ALCOHOLISM CAUSE HYPOMAGNESEMIA ?**
**ETOH IS AN ISOTONIC SOLUTION AND SUPPRESSES ADH**
85
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH MEDICAL CONDITION ?**
* **HYPERACTIVE DTR's**
* **RIGID / TIGHT / TWITCHY MUSCLE TONE**
* **STRIDOR / LORYNGOSPASMS**
* **DIFICULTY SWALLOWING**
* **+ CHVOSTEK's - TAP CHEEK**
* **+ TROUSSEAU's - PUMP UP BP CUFF**
* **ARRYTHMIA**
* **POSSIBLE SEIZURES**
**HYPOMAGNESEMIA / HYPOCALCEMIA**
**DIFFER TO PMHx FOR CONFIRMATORY Dx**
86
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOMAGNESEMIA ?**
* **GIVE Mg**
* **CHECK RENAL FUNCTION BEFORE, DURING and AFTER IV Mg**
* **SEIZURE PRECAUTIONS**
* **EAT Mg**
87
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOCALCEMIA ?**
* **PO CALCIUM**
* **Vit D**
* **PHOSPHATE BINDERS**
88
**WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF** ***PHOSPHATE BINDERS*** **?**
***SEVELAMER*** **(RENAGEL)**
***CALCIUM ACETATE*** **(PHOSLO)**
89
**HOW CAN HYPOPARATHYROIDISM, RADICAL NECK, or a THYROIDECTOMY CAUSE HYPOCALCEMIA?**
**THEY INHIBIT PTH CAUSING SERUM CALCIUM LEVELS TO DECREASE.**
90
***_1.3 - 2.1 mEq/L_***
## Footnote
**ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?**
***MAGNESIUM***
91
***_9.0 - 10.5 mg/dL_***
## Footnote
**ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?**
***CALCIUM***
92
***_135 - 145 mEq/L_***
## Footnote
**ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?**
***SODIUM***
93
***_3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L_***
## Footnote
**ARE NORMAL LAB VALUES FOR WHAT ELECTROLYTE ?**
***POTASSIUM***
94
**THE AMOUNT OF SODIUM IN YOUR BLOOD IS DEPENDENT ON HOW MUCH ______________ IS IN YOUR BLOOD.**
***WATER***
95
***_HYPERVENTILATION_ , _HEAT STROKE_*** , ***and DI*** **CAN CAUSE WHAT KIND OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
***HYPERNATREMIA / DEHYDRATION***
96
**THE FOLLOWING /S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
* **DRY MOUTH**
* **THIRST**
* **SWOLLEN TONGUE**
* **NEUROLOGIC CHANGES**
***HYPERNATREMIA***
97
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPERNATREMIA ?**
* **RESTRICT SODIUM**
* **INCREASE FLUIDS TO DILUTE PATIENT**
* **DAILY WEIGHT**
* **I & O**
* **LAB MONITORING**
98
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPONATREMIA ?**
**GIVE SODIUM**
99
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH TYPE OF ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
* **HEAD ACHE**
* **SEIZURES**
* **COMA**
***HYPONATREMIA***
100
**WHERE IS POTASSIUM EXCRETED ?**
**KIDNEYS**
101
**WHAT HAPPENS TO POTASSIUM LEVELS DURING RENAL FAILURE ?**
**POTASSIUM LEVELS INCREASE**
102
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
* **LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS**
* **MUSCLE TWITCHING =\>**
* **MUSCLES WEAKNESS =\>**
* **FLACCID PARALYSIS**
***HYPERKALEMIA***
103
**THE FOLLOWING ARE TREATMENT INTERVENTIONS FOR WHAT MEDICAL CONDITION?**
* **DIALYSIS**
* **CALCIUM GLUCONATE**
* **GLUCOSE**
* **INSULIN**
* **SODIUM POLYSTYRENE SULFONATE (*****_K_*****AYEXALATE)**
***HYPERKALEMIA***
104
**WHY IS DIALYSIS NEEDED FOR A PATIENT WITH HYPERKALEMIA ?**
**KIDNEYS FAILURE. SERUM POTASSIUM INCREASING**
105
HOW DOES CALCIUM GLUCONATE HELP TREAT HYPERKALEMIA ?
**DECREASES ARRYTHMIAS**
106
**THE FOLLOWING CAN BE CAUSES OF WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
* **VOMITTING**
* **NG SUCTIONING**
* **DIURETICS**
* **NOT EATING**
***HYPOKALEMIA***
107
**THE FOLLOWING CAN BE CAUSES OF WHICH ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE ?**
* **POOR KIDNEY FUNCTION**
* **SPIRONOLACTONE** ***(ALDACTONE)***
***HYPERCALEMIA***
108
**HOW DOES THE USE OF SPIRONOLACTONE** ***(ALDACTONE)*** **CAUSE HYPERKALEMIA ?**
**MAKES YOU RETAIN POTASSIUM**
109
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR HYPOKALEMIA**
* **GIVE POTASSIUM**
* **Rx SPIRONOLACTONE**
* **EAT MORE POTASSIUM**
110
**HOW DOES SPIRONOLACTONE WORK IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERKALEMIA ?**
**RETAINS POTASSIUM**
111
**WHAT ARE 3 MAJOR CHEMICAL COMPUNDS YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR ACID BASE BALANCES**
***BICARB***
***HYDROGEN***
***CO2***
112
***_BICARB_***
## Footnote
**BASE or ACID**
***BASE***
113
***_HYDROGEN_***
***BASE or ACID***
***ACID***
114
***_CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)_***
## Footnote
**BASE or ACID**
***ACID***
115
**WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHEMICAL(s) EXCRETED BY THE LUNGS ?**
***CO2 =\> ACID***
116
**WHAT ARE THE MAJOR CHEMICAL(s) EXCRETED BY THE KIDNEYS ?**
***HYDROGEN =\> ACID***
***BICARB =\> BASE***
117
**WHAT ARE NORMAL pH RANGE VALUES ?**
***7.35 - 7.45***
118
**pH LESS THAN 7.35 BECOMES \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
***ACIDIC***
119
**pH GREATER THAN 7.45 BECOMES \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
***ALKALOTIC / BASIC***
120
**A PATIENT WITH A BLOOD GAS THAT IS** ***ACIDIC*** **WILL PRESENT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
**LETHARGIC**
121
**A PATIENT WITH A BLOOD GAS THAT IS** ***ALKALOTIC*** **WILL PRESENT \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_**
***EXCITABLE***
122
**HOW DOES THE BODY MAINTAIN A NORMAL pH BALANCE THROUGHOUT THE BODY ?**
**COMPENSATION BETWEEN THE LUNGS AND KIDNEYS**
123
**HOW DO KIDNEYS COMPENSATE FOR pH BALANCE ?**
**THEY CAN EITHER EXCRETE or RETAIN HYDROGEN and BICARB**
**\*\*\* TAKES HOURS**
124
**HOW DO LUNGS COMPENSATE FOR pH BALANCE ?**
***HYPER / HYPOVENTILATION***
125
**WHAT EFFECT DOES HYPERVENTILATION HAVE ON ABG ?**
**DECREASES CO2 =\>** ***ALKILOSIS***
126
**WHAT EFFECT DOES HYPOVENTILATION HAVE ON ABG ?**
**INCREASES CO2 =\>** ***ACIDOSIS***
127
**WHAT IS THE pH RESPONSE TIME DURING LUNG COMPENSATION ?**
**FAST**
128
**RESPIRATORY __________ CAN RESULT FROM:**
* ***RETAINING CO2***
* **MID-ABD INCISION**
* **NARCS**
* **SLEEPING PILLS**
* **PNEUMOTHORAX**
* **COLLAPSED LUNG**
* **PNEUMONIA**
***RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS***
129
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT TYPE OF ABG ?**
* ***RESTLESSNESS***
* ***TACHYCARDIA***
* ***HYPOXIA***
* **HEADACHE**
* **CONFUSED**
* **SLEEPY =\>**
* **COMA**
**RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS**
130
**HOW IS RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS TREATED?**
**BY WHATEVER MEANS TO IMPROVE GAS EXCHANGE**
131
**RESPIRATORY __________ CAN RESULT FROM:**
* **HYSTERICAL HYPERVENTILATION**
* **ACUTE ASAS OD**
**RESPIRATORY ALKILOSIS**
132
**WHAT EFFECT ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM DOES HYPERVENTILATION HAVE ?**
**REMOVES TOO MUCH CO2 CAUSING VASOCONSTRICTION AND REDUCING BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN**
133
**THE FOLLOWING ARE S/S ASSOCIATED WITH WHAT TYPE OF ABG ?**
* **LIGHTHEADED / FAINT**
* **PERI-ORBITAL NUMBNESS**
* **NUMBNESS / TINGLING IN FINGERS AND TOES**
* **SOME FORM OF BITCH HYSTERICS**
**REPIRATORY ALKILOSIS**
134
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR RESPIRATORY ALKILOSIS ?**
* ***FIVE ACROSS THE EYES***
* ***TREAT THE CAUSE***
* ***POSSIBLE SEDATION***
* ***MONITOR ABGs***
135
**WHAT ABG WOULD BE EXPECTED TO BE SEEN IN THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS ?**
* **DKA**
* **STARVATION**
* **RENAL FAILURE**
* **SEVERE DIARRHEA**
***METABOLIC ACIDOSIS***
136
**THE FOLLOWING S/S ARE ASSOCIATED WITH WHICH TYPE OF ABG ?**
* **HYERKALEMIA**
* **KUSSMAUL RESPIRATIONS (INCREASED RR)**
***METABOLIC ACIDOSIS***
137
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR METABOLIC ACIDOSIS ?**
**TREAT THE PROBLEM**
138
**METABOLIC ___________ CAN RESLUT FROM**
* **LOSS OF UPPER GI CONTENTS (UPPER GI = ACID)**
* **TOO MANY ANTACIDS - TOO MUCH** ***BASE***
***METABOLIC ALKILOSIS***
139
**S/S OF ___________________ CARE DEPENDENT ON CAUSE. OBSERVE LOC, MUSCLE CRAMPS and LIFE THREATENING ARRYTHMIAS.**
***METABOLIC ALKILOSIS***
140
**SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS WILL ___________ IN METABOLIC ACIDOSIS.**
**UP**
141
**SERUM POTASSIUM LEVELS WILL ___________ IN METABOLIC ALKILOSIS.**
**DOWN**
142
**WHAT IS THE TREATMENT FOR A PATIENT WITH METABOLIC ALKALOSIS ?**
**FIX THE PROBLEM**
**REPLACE POTASSIUM**
