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140 NCLEX MEDS > NCLEX MEDS > Flashcards

NCLEX MEDS Flashcards

1
Q

Alteplase (tPA)

A

Thrombolytic

Given for MI, ischemic stroke, occluded central line

Convert plasminogen to plasmin and degrades fibrin

Consideration: anaphylaxis, uncontrolled HTN, 🚫 pt c active bleed

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2
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

A

Lipid lowering agent

For cholesterol mgmt, to pvn cardiovascular disease

Lowers LDL and slightly raises HDL

Consider: contraindicated in liver disease❗️, can cause rhabdomyolosis, watch serum cholesterol, check liver and renal labs

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3
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

A

Antipyretic/NSAID

for pain, fever

Inhibit prostaglandins to reduce pain/fever

Consider: no more than 4g/day, hepatptoxic, 🔁acetadote, high risk bleed c warfarin

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4
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

A

Antiviral

For genital herpes, herpes zoster

Stops viral dna synth

Consider: sx, renal fail, Steven Johnson, thrombolytic thrombopenic syndrome, N/V/D

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5
Q

Albuterol (proventil)

A

Bronchodilator

For asthma, COPD

Relax airway muscles

Consider: lower effect of bblockers, digoxin, watch cp and palps, caution c diabetes,♥️ disease, sx

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6
Q

Alendronate (Fosamax)

A

Biphosphate

For osteoporosis

Stops bone resorption in blood

Consider: take in AM c water before brekky, watch serum Ca++ and vit D, can cause muscle ache

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7
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax)

A

Benzodiazepine/ anti anxiety

For anxiety, panic, mania, psychosis, PMS symptoms

cns depress for anxiolytic

Consider: lethargy, dependence, mental status,🚫grapefruit, 🔁flumazenil

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8
Q

Amiodarone (cordarone)

A

Antiarrhythmic K+ channel blocker

For vent arrhythmias, SVT, ACLS protocol for VFib and VTach

Slows HR, vasodilates

Consider: ❗️❗️❗️can cause ARDS, pulm tox, CHF, bradycardia, hypotn, possible QT prolong, dig tox, warfarin tox, watch EKG, check liver fn, 🚫grapefruit

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9
Q

Amitryptiline (Elavil)

A

TCA

for depression, anxiety, insomnia

Raises serotonin and norepi in 🧠

Consider: 🚫MI, MAOI in 2 wks, ♥️fail,QT prolong, glaucoma, risk of suicide, arrhythmia, hypotn, EKG🔺, BS🔺, causes sedation, photosensitive, blue urine

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10
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

A

Ca++ channel blocker

For HTN, angina

inhibits muscle excitation/contraction

Consider: peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia, pt monitors their BP, watch I&O, HR/BP, s/s CHF, 🚫grapefruit

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11
Q

Amoxicillin (Moxatag)

A

Penicillin ABX/anti ulcer

For skin, resp, sinus infections, lime disease, endocarditis prophylaxis

Stops bact cell wall synth

Consider: 🚫penicillin allergy, can cause sx, watch rash, renal labs, diarrhea(bloody)

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12
Q

Ampicillin (Principen)

A

Penicillin ABX

For skin, soft tissue, sinus, resp, and GU infections, otitis media, meningitis, septicemia

Bactericidal-binds cells wall and kills

Consider: 🚫penicillin allergy, can cause sx, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, super infection, watch renal and liver labs, inhibits oral bc

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13
Q

Aspirin

A

Antipyretic/ NSAID

for RA, OA, ischemic stroke, MI prophylaxis

Dec fever/ inflam, platelet aggregation

Consider: bleed risk with disorders, alcohol, other NSAID use, plavix, warfarin, heparin, can cause SJ syndrome, watch liver labs

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14
Q

Atenolol (Tenorim)

A

Bblocker

For HTN, angina, pvn of MI

blocks b2 receptors

Consider: 🚫CHF, pulm edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, heart block, masks low BS, watch BP/HR, can cause ortho hypotn

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15
Q

Atropine (Atropen)

A

Antiarrhythmic

For low HR, ♥️block, bronchospasm, dec oral and resp secretions

Inhibits parasympathetic NS; inc HR, bronchodilates

Consider: may cause urine rtn and constipation, watch HR and palps, 🚫 hemorrhage, tachycardia, angle closure glaucoma

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16
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

A

ABX for atypical mycobacterium

For URI, bronchitis, LRI, otitis media, skin inf, STIs, pvn endocarditis, CF

Consider: can cause pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, N/V/D, SJ syndrome, pain, warfarin tox, ❗️bloody stool, take as Rx

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17
Q

Benzotropine (Cogentin)

A

Anticholinergic

For Parkinson’s

Reduces rigidity and tremors

Consider: can cause hypotn, arrhythmia, tachycardia, palps, dry mouth, constipation, ❗️EPS, maintain good oral hygiene

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18
Q

Biscodyl (Ducolax)

A

Laxative stimulant

For constipation/ bowel regimen

Stim peristalsis and fluid in colon

Consider: can cause hypoK+❗️, pain and cramps, 🚫milk, watch abdom distention, fluid and lytes, drink 1500-2kml/day

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19
Q

Bismuth Subsicylate (PeptoBismol)

A

Anti diarrheal/ ulcer

For diarrhea, GERD, indigestion. HPylori ulcer

Help absorb fluid in instestines

Consider: 🚫aspirin sensitivity, risk of impaction with old, watch liver labs, can fuck w radiologic scans

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20
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Antidepressant/ smoking deterrent

For depression, smoking cessation, adult ADHD

Consider: can cause sx, suicide, 🚫MAOI and alcohol, watch mental status and liver and renal labs

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21
Q

Buspirone (BuSpar)

A

Antidepressant/smoking deterrent

For anxiety

Binds c dopamine and sero receptors

Consider: can cause drowsy, dizzy, fatigue, cp, tachycardia, palps, 🚫 other antidepressant, alcohol, grapefruit, and MAOI

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22
Q

Butorphanol (Stadol)

A

Opioid

For sever pain, labor pain, sedation

Binds to opioid reception in CNS

Consider: can cause confusion, hallucination, sedation, 🚫 MAOI, watch CNS status BP/RR, give slow IV

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23
Q

Calcium Acetate (Phoslo)

A

Antacid

For hypoCa++, hypoK+, hypoMg, hyperPO3- in ESRD, helps in cardiac arrest

Helps transmit impulses, blood formation/coag

Consider: can cause arrest and arrhythmias, hypotn, bradycardia, phlebitis at IV site, dig tox,watch labs and paraTH

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24
Q

Calcium Carbonate(Tums)

A

Antacid

For hypoCa++, hypoK+, hypoMg, for cardiac arrest, osteoporosis, and acid reduced

Helps contract muscle, blood formation/coag, protects cell wall

Consider: can cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmia, low BP, low HR, dig tox, watch paraTH

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25
Q

Captopril (Capoten)

A

ACE inhibs

For HTN, CHF, DM neuropathy

Blocks angio ii conversion causing vasodilation

Consider: can cause neutropenia, non prod cough, angioedema❗️, hyperK+❗️, rhabdomyelosis, take 1h before food, watch WBC, BP, I&O, renal labs, 🚫diuretics, K+ meds, NSAIDS, Li, HTN meds

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26
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A

Anticonvulsant

For Sx, DM neuropathy, pain

Dec Na+ channel transmission

Consider: can cause suicide, SJ syndrome, ❗️agranulocytosis, ❗️aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia ❗️, watch CBC and platelets, 🚫MAOI, grapefruit, fucks with oral bc

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27
Q

Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)

A

Antiparkinson dopamine agonist

For PD

levodopa converts to dopamine, carbidopa prevents destruction of dopamine

Consider: can cause ortho hypotn, dark urine, takes months to work, watch Parkinsonian s/s, 🚫glaucoma, melanoma, MAOI

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28
Q

Cefaclor (Ceclor)

A

Cephalosporin ABX

for resp, skin infects, otitis media

Bacteriacidal, binds and destroys cell wall on bact

Consider: can cause sx, pseudomemb colitis, phlebitis at site, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, superinfection, watch bowel fn, obtain baseline cultures, 🚫 cephalosporin and penicillin allergy

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29
Q

Cefdinir (Omnicef)

A

Cephalosporin ABX

for skin inf and otitis media

Bacteriacidal, binds to wall and kills bact

Consider: can cause sx, p.colitis, phlebitis at site, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, watch bowel fn and bleed, obtain baseline culture, 🚫cephalosporin ABX penicillin allergy

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30
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

A

Antirheumatic NSAID

for OA, RA, acute pain

Dec pain by inhib prostaglandin

Consider:can cause MI, CVA, thrombosis, GI bleed, SJ syndrome, dermatitis, caution with CV disease, ❗️new onset abdom pain/black stool

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31
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex)

A

Cephalosporin ABX

For skin inf, UTI, otitis media, pneumonia

Consider: can cause sx, p. colitis, phlebitis at site, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, watch bowel fn, liver labs, obtain baseline cultures

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32
Q

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Antipsychotic, antiemetic

For 2nd line for schizo and psychosis, N/V, BPD, preop sedation, acute intermittent porphyria

Alters dopamine’s affect on CNS

Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome❗️, sedation, tardive dyskinesia❗️, hypotn, agranulocytosis ❗️, watch BP, CBC, liver labs, baseline and continuous mental status

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33
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Histamine 2 antag, antiulcer

For duodenal ulcer, GERD, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, pvn GI bleed

Inhib gastric acid secretion

Consider: can cause resp infection, arrhythmia, ❗️agranulocytosis, ❗️aplastic anemia, constipation, bleed risk c warfarin, watch CBC, drink fluids

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34
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

A

Fluoroquinolone ABX

for UTI, gonorrhea, resp, skin, bone, abdom inf, inf diarrhea, pneumonia, bronchitis

Inhib bact dna synth

Consider: can cause sx, arrhythmia, QT prolong❗️, p. Colitis, SJ syndrome, anaphylaxis, watch renal and liver labs, obtain baseline and continued culture

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35
Q

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

A

ABX

skin, resp, abdom inf, septicemia, osteomyelitis

Inhibs protein synth

Consider: can cause arrhythmias, p. Colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at site, watch bowels, liver labs, CBC, obtain baseline culture and continuous

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36
Q

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

A

Anti platelet

For atherosclerotic events(MI,CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome)

Consider: can cause GI bleed, neutropenia, hypercholesterolemia, inc bleed risk c warfarin, heparin, aspirin, garlic, ginkgo, ginger, watch CBC, platelets, bleed times, DC 5-7 days preop

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37
Q

Codeine (Paveral)

A

Opioid

For pain, diarrhea, cough suppressant

Binds to opioid receptor in CNS

Consider: can cause hypotn, constipation, N/V, dec cough reflex, dec GI motility, watch BP, HR, RR before and after, 🚫MAOI, 🔁Narcan

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38
Q

Cortisone (Cortone)

A

Anti asthmatic, corticosteroid

For adrenocorticoid insufficiency, Addisons

Replaces cortisol in deficiency, suppress inflam/ immune response

Consider: can cause CNS🔺, peptic ulcer, weight gain, osteoporosis, poor healing, inc BS, inc cholesterol, cushingoid appearance, 🚫untreated infections, watch liver labs

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39
Q

Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)

A

Immunosuppressant, anti rheumatic DMARD

To pvn rejection of implant(lifelong tx), tx severe RA, UC

Inhib immune response

Consider: can cause sx, tremor, HTN, N/V/D, gingival hyperplasia, 🚫grapefruit, watch liver, renal labs, BP

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40
Q

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

A

Antiasthmatic, corticosteroid

For cerebral edema, Cushing disease

Dec inflam/immune response

Consider: can cause CNS🔺, peptic ulcer, cishingoid appearance, weight gain, osteoporosis, poor wound healing, inc BS, inc cholesterol, 🚫untreated inf, watch liver labs

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41
Q

Diazepam (Vallium)

A

Benzodiazepine

For anxiety, preop sedation, conscious sedation, sx, insomnia, alcohol withdraw

Depresses CNS

Consider: can cause dizzy, lethargy, hypotn, dependence, tolerance, 🚫alcohol, hepatic dysfn, renal impairment, watch liver and renal labs, 🔁Romazicon

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42
Q

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

A

Antiarrhythmic, inotropic

For CHF, Afib, Aflutter

Inc myocard cx, inc CO and slow HR

Consider: can cause tox c diuretics, hypoK+ and HyperCa++, bradycardia, visual 🔺(toxic), count pulse for 1min before dose, watch renal labs, 🚫uncontrolled vent arrhythmias, diuretics

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43
Q

Diltiazem(Cardizem)

A

Ca++ channel blocker, antianginal, antiarrhythmic

For HTN, angina, SVT, Afib, Aflutter

Dec HR, BP, vasodilation

Can cause arrhythmias, CHF bradycardia, peripheral edema❗️, gingival hyperplasia, ortho hypotn, 🚫grapefruit, 2nd and 3rd” ♥️block, watch EKG, check BP and K+

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44
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

A

Antihistamine, antitussive

For allergies, anaphylaxis, sedation; motionsickness, coughing

Antag histamine, CNS depress

Consider: can cause drowsiness, anorexia, fry mout, chest tightness, thick mucous, hypotn, headache, N, blurred vision, watch lung and cough sounds, sleep patterns, 🚫other OTC cough remedies

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45
Q

Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)

A

Anticholinergic, antidoarrheal

For diarrhea

Inhib GI motility

Consider: can cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, Ileus, 🚫opioid allergy, angle closure glaucoma, dehydration, watch liver labs

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46
Q

Divalproex (Depakote)

A

Anticonvulsant, headache suppressant

For sx, manic episode, pvn headache

Inc GABA in CNS

Consider: can cause suicide, agitation, dizzy, insomnia, pancreatitis, inc risk bleed c warfarin, 🚫MAOI, watch liver labs

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47
Q

Dobutamine (Dobutrex)

A

Beta adrenergic agon, inotropic

For short term mgmt ♥️fail

Inc CO w/o affect on HR

Consider: can cause HTN, tachycardia, PVC, skin rxn, watch CO, pulses, BB meds can deter this med

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48
Q

Dopamine (Intropin)

A

Inotropic, Vasopressor❗️

To inc BP, CO, UO

<2mcg/kg/min to renal vasodilate
2-10mcg/kg/min to stim ♥️
>10mcg/kg/min to vasoconstrict to inc SVR

Consider: can cause irritation at site, BB can counteract, watch closely BP, HR, EKG, CVP, PAOP❗️

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49
Q

Enalapril (Vasotec)

A

ACE inhib

For HTN, CHF

PVN angio ii conversion, vasodilation

Consider: can cause neutropenia, dry cough, angioedema ❗️, hyperK+❗️, 🚫diuretic, Ksparing, watch CBC, WBC, renal labs, weight and I&O, BP, give 1h before food

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50
Q

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

A

Antithrombotic

To pvn VTE, DVT, PE

pvn thrombus formation on factor Xa and thrombin

Consider: bleed risk c aspirin, plavix, heparin, tpa, 🚫pork allergy, give subcut

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51
Q

epinephrine (Adrenalin,Epipen)

A

Adrenergic agon, anti asthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor ❗️

For asthma, COPD, allergic rxn, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct

Inc HR, BP, bronchodilates

Consider: can cause angina, tachycardia, HTN, nervousness, inc BS, bronchospasm, thick secretions, 🚫MAOI(HTN crisis), caffeine, gaurana, stimulants, watch lung sounds, HR, BP, BB can counteract

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52
Q

Epoetin (Epogen)

A

Antianemic, hormone

For anemia

Stim erythropoesis in bone Marrow

Consider: can cause sx, CHF, MI, HTN, 🚫shaming vial, albumin sensitivity, watch BP, bleeding times, dialysis shunt sites

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53
Q

Erythromycin (E-Mycin)

A

Macrolide ABX

for inf when penicillin can’t be taken, URI, LRI, skin inf, otitis media, pertussis, syphilis, rheumatic fever

Bacteriostatic, suppress bact protein synth

Consider: can cause QT prolong❗️, vent arehythmias❗️, diarrhea, watch liver labs

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54
Q

Escitalipram (Lexapro)

A

SSRI, antidepressant

For MDD, anxiety, PCD, PTSD, social phobias

Selective sero reuptake

Consider: can cause suicide, insomnia, drowsy, N/D, serotonin syndrome ❗️, QT prolong❗️, sexual dysfn, can take a month to work, 🚫MAOI

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55
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)

A

H2 antag

For short term tx ulcer, GERD, indigestion,!Zollinger Ellison syndrome, overuse of NSAID, pvn of GI bleed

Inhib gastric secretions

Consider: can cause arrythmias, agranulocytosis ❗️, aplastic anemia❗️, watch abdom pain, blood in feces, CBC, inc fluids

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56
Q

Fentanyl (Sublimaze)

A

Opioid

To supplement general anesthesia, analgesia

Binds to CNS opioid receptors to depress

Consider: can cause apnea, ❗️❗️laryngospasm, dec RR, bradycardia, hypotn, 🚫grapefruit, MAOI, inc ICP, head trauma, adrenal insufficiency, watch pain scale, hemodynamics , 🔁Narcan

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57
Q

Ferrous Sulfate(Feosol)

A

Iron supplement

Pvn iron deficiency anemia

Binds c hemoglobin and enzymes

Consider: can cause sx, hypotn, constipation, epigastroc pain, diarrhea, skin stain, anaphylaxis, watch nutrition status, bowel fn, liver labs, take on empty stomach c vit c to inc absorption

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58
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

SSRI antidepressant

For depression. OCD, bulimia, panic, bipolar, anorexia, ADHD, DM neuropathy, obesity

Inhib sero reuptake

Consider: can cause suicide, drowsy, sex dysfunction,anxiety, insomnia, palps, serotonin syndrome❗️, QT prolong❗️, 🚫MAOI, watch nutrition, liver labs, oral hygiene, mood 🔺

59
Q

Flutixasone(Flovent)

A

Corticosteroid, antiasthmatic

Pvn asthma exacerbation

Local long acting anti inflammatory

Consider: can cause headache, insomnia, bronchospasm, congestion, adrenal suppression, dec bone density, 🚫untx inf, suppressed immune fn, smoking, use bronchodilator first

60
Q

Furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop diuretic

For edema, HTN

pvn reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, inc excretion of water, Na+, CL-, Mg, K+

Consider: can cause dig tox❗️, hypotn, dry mouth, excessive urine, dehydration, lyte imbalances❗️, metabolic alkalosis❗️, arthritic s/s, 🚫liver disease, aminoglycosides(ototoxicity), anti hypertensives, watch renal labs, hemodynamics

61
Q

Gabapentin(Neurontin)

A

Analgesic adjunct, anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer

For sx, periph neuropathy, neuropathic pain, pvn migraine

Consider: can cause suicide, confusion, depression, drowsy, ataxia, facial edema, HTN, watch mood🔺, pain level, sx activity

62
Q

Gentamicin (Cidomycin)

A

Aminoglycoside ABX

for gram - bact, penicillin can’t be taken

Inhib bact protein synth

Consider: can cause tinnitus, watch renal, liver, blood labs, obtain culture prior to and during, 🚫penicillins

63
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

A

Sulfonylurea, anti diabetic

For DMII

stim release and sensitivity of insulin

Consider: can cause aplastic anemia❗️, low BS, photosensitivity, dizzy, drowsy, diarrhea, headache, watch CBC, BS, BP(can mask lowBS), Carry sugar source in case, 🚫allergy to sulfa

64
Q

Glucagon(Glucagen)

A

Pancreatic

For severe low BS, 🔁for BB and CCBs

Stim glucose production, relaxes GI tract

Consider: can cause hypotn, anaphylaxis, watch neuro status, BS, BP

65
Q

Guaifenesin (Robitussin)

A

Cold remedy/expectorant

Cough suppressant

Mobilizes and thins secretions

Consider: watch lung sounds, 🚫other OTC cold meds, maintain fluids

66
Q

Haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

For schizo, mania, aggressive behavior

Alters dopamines affectbone cns

Consider: can cause EPS❗️, QT prolong❗️, agranulocytosis ❗️, sx, constipation, dry mouth, hallucinations, neuroleptic malignant sundrome❗️, watch mental status, hemodynamics, CBC c differential

67
Q

Heparin(Heplock)

A

Antithrombotic

For VTE, prophylaxis and tx, patentcy of IV

Inhib factor Xa

Consider: can cause hyperK+, bleed c lovenox, warfarin, aspirin, tpa, watch bleed, platelets, 🔁Protamine Sulfate

68
Q

Hydralazine (Apresoline)

A

Vasodilator

For HTN

Arterial vasodilator

Consider: can cause tachycardia, Na+ rtn, arrhythmia, angina, 🚫MAOI, watch BP

69
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)

A

Diuretic

For HTN, CHF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid tx

Inc excretion of water and Na+, arterial dilation

Consider: can cause dizziness, (dig tox)hypoK, ❗️hypoNa, hypoMg, hypoPO3, watch BP, I&O, lytes

70
Q

Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Norco)

A

Opioid combo

For mod/severe pain

Binds to opioid receptors to cns depress, cough suppress

Consider: can cause hypotn, low RR, increase ICP, 🚫MAOI, head trauma, >4g of acetaminophen, 🔁Narcan

71
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A

Opioid

Mod/severe pain

Binds to opioid receptors depress cns, cough suppressant

Consider: can cause low RR, hypotn, low HR, can be used as antitussive, 🚫MAOI, 🔁Narcan

72
Q

Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)

A

Antipyretic, antirheumatic, NSAID

for mild/mod pain, inflammation

Inhib prostaglandin to dec inflam and pain

Consider: can cause GI bleed, anaphylaxis, N/V, constipation, headache, SJ syndrome, 🚫alcohol, if rash develops, watch liver and renal labs

73
Q

Indomethacin(Indocin)

A

Antirheumatic, ductus arteriosis patency adjunct, NSAID

For inflammatory disorders when other meds don’t work

Dec pain and inflam by inhib prostaglandin

Consider: can cause dizzy, drowsy, headach, anaphylaxis, pihotosensitivity, GI bleed, watch liver, renal labs, bleed, shake before giving

74
Q

Insulin Regular (Humulin, Novolin R)

A

Antidiabetic

For high BS

inhib glucose production in liver
Short acting

Consider: can cause decrease K, Mg, PO3

75
Q

NPH insulin (Humilin/Novolin N)

A

Antidiabetic

For high BS

intermediate acting

76
Q

Insulin Detemir, Insulin Glargine (Levemir, Lantus)

A

Antidiabetic

For high BS

Long acting

77
Q

Insulin aspart (Novolog) insulin lispro (humalog), insulin glulisine (apidra)

A

Antidiabetic

For high BS

rapid acting

78
Q

Radioactive iodine

A

Antithyroid agent

For thyroidectomty pretx, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure

Inhibs TH release

Consider: can cause GI bleed, diarrhea, goiter, hypoTH

79
Q

Isoniazide (INH)

A

Antitubercular

For TB

inhib synth of bact cell wall

Consider: can cause jaundice, periph neuropathy, sx,🚫food with tyramine, watch liver labs, used often with Rifampin

80
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

NSAID

for pain

Inhib prostaglandin

Consider: can cause GI bleed, SJ syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsy, bleed risk c garlic, ginger, ginkgo ❗️, dec effects of BB and diuretics, use less than 5 days

81
Q

Lactulose (Kristalose)

A

Laxative

For constipation, portal systemic encephalopathy

Softens stool c water pulled from surroundings

Consider: can cause cramping, abdom distention, high BS, pt should have 2-3 BM/day, watch mental status, ammonia serum, abdom distention, ⚠️DM

82
Q

Lanotrigine (Lamictal)

A

Anticonvulsant

For sx, epilepsy, bipolar

Inhib Na transport in neuron

Consider: can cause suicide, dizzy, behavior 🔺, N/V, photo sensitivity, rash, SJ syndrome,!⚠️oral bc, watch mental status and sx

83
Q

Levetiracetam (Keppra)

A

Anticonvulsant

For sx

Dec severity and incidence of sx

Consider: can cause suicide, dizzy, weakness, somnolence, watch RBC, WBC, liver labs

84
Q

Levofloxacin (levequin)

A

Fluoroquinolone ABX

for uti, gonorrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia, URI, skin and bone inf

Inhibs bact dna synth

Consider: can cause QT prolong❗️, sx, arrythmia, p colitis, anaphylaxis, SJ syndrome, obtain culture prior and during tx, watch renal, liver labs, can dec phenytoin

85
Q

Levothyroxine (Levothyroid)

A

Hormone

For TH replacement, hypoTH

TH inc metabolism, gluconeogenesis, protein synth, balances hormone and suppresses TH cancer

Consider: can cause cp, tachyarrythmias, inc effects of warfarin, watch TSH levels

86
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil)

A

ACE inhib

For HTN and CHF

block angio ii conversion -> vasodilation

Consider: can cause dry cough, 1st dose hypotn, angioedema, ⚠️K sparing supplements, diuretics, watch BP, weight I&O, renal and liver labs

87
Q

Lithium (Lithizine)

A

Mood stabilizer

For mania

Alters caution transport and reuptake

Consider: can cause sx, arrythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, tremors, hypoTH, fell pt to drink enough, 🚫NSAIDS, ⚠️ACE inhibs(toxicity), check serum often

88
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Antidiarrheal

For diarrhea, and post ileostomy drainage

Inhibs peristalsis, dries out and condenses poo

Consider: can cause constipation, watch lytes, fluid, and bowel fn

89
Q

Lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepine

For anxiety, sedation, sx

General cns depress

Consider: can cause apnea, arrest, bradycardia, hypotn, 🚫alcohol, ⚠️COPD, sleep apnea, other CNS drugs, 🔁Fumazenil(Romazicon)

90
Q

Losartan (Cozaar)

A

ARB

For HTN, DM neuropathy, CHF

pvn vasoconstriction from angio ii

Consider: can cause hypotn, tachycardia, ❗️angioedema, hyperK❗️, dig tox ❗️, watch BO, HR, fluids, daily weight and I&O, renal and liver labs

91
Q

Magnesium Sulfate(MgSO4)

A

Mineral electrolyte

To tx hypoMg, HTN, preterm labor, torsades du pointes, asthma, eclampsia, anticonvulsant

Regulate muscle excitability

Consider: can dec RR, cause arrythmia, hypotn, weakness, Mg tox(apnea, loss of deep reflex) ⚠️renal insufficiency, watch EKG, RR, Mg serum, 🔁Calcium Gluconate

92
Q

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

A

Osmotic diuretic

For inc ICP, oligiric renal failure, edema, intraocular pressure

Reabsorbs water and lytes by inc osmotic pressure And excretes in kidney

Consider: can cause dehydration, fluid and lyte imbalance, phlebitis at site, watch neuro status, give c a filter

93
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

Opioid

Mod/severe pain, sedation

Binds to receptor in cns to depress

Consider: altered mentation, hypotn, constipation, N/V, sx, can inc pancreatic levels❗️, watch VS prior and during tx, bowel fn, ⚠️MAOI, 🔁Narcan

94
Q

Metformin (Glocophage)

A

Antidiabetic

To manage DMII, PCOS

Dec glucose prod in liver, inc insulin sensitivity

Consider: can cause N/V/D, lactic acidosis❗️, will taste like metal of acidotic❗️, 🚫renal dysfn, metabolic acidosis, watch for DKA, Lactic acidosis

95
Q

Methadone (Mathadose)

A

Opioid

For withdrawal symptoms and pain

Suppress withdrawal symptoms, dec cough reflex and GI motility

Consider: can cause QTProlong❗️, hypotn, resp depress, dependence, confusion, sedation, can inc pancreatic enzyme ❗️, ⚠️MAOI, watch VS, pain, bowels

96
Q

Methylergonovine (Methergine)

A

Oxytocic

To tx PP hemorrhage

Cause uterine cx

Consider: can cause hypotn, cramps, N/V, dyspnea, watch VS, uterine response, ensure pt has enough Ca or it won’t work, watch uterine bleeding

97
Q

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)

A

CNS stimulant

For ADHD and narcolepsy

Improves attention span

Consider: can cause sudden death, HTN, palps, anorexia, hyperactivity, insomnia, can dec effects of warfarin and phenytoin, 🚫MAOI, watch VS, 🔺in behavior, dependence

98
Q

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

Antiemetic

For N/V, hiccups, migraines, gastric stasis

Stim gastric motility and emptying

Consider: can cause EPS❗️, neuroleptic malignant syndrome❗️, tardive dyskinesia❗️, arrythmia, BP🔺, facial twitch, sedation, 🚫GI obstructing, can dec effect of levodopa, watch liver labs and VS

99
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

A

BB

for tachyarrythmia, HTN, angina, pvn MI, CHF, can pvn migraine

Cardioselective BB, leave b2 alone

Consider: can cause bradycardia, pulm edema ❗️, watch hemodynamics, I&O, ⚠️MAOI

100
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

A

Antiprotazoal ABX, antiulcer

For abdom inf, gynecological inf, skin, bone , joint inf, cns inf, septicemia, endocarditis, amebic liver abscess, PUD

Bacteriacidal, inhib dna and protein synth

Consider: watch neuro status, parastesia, sx, weakness, ataxia, I&O, Weight, liver labs, obtain cultures prior to and during, 🚫alcohol

101
Q

Midazolam (Versed)

A

Benzodiazepine

For sedation, conscious sedation, anesthesia; status epilepticus

Cns depress

Consider: watch VS, neuro check, LOC, 🔁Flumazenil(Romazicon)

102
Q

Montelukast (Singulair)

A

Leukotrine antag, bronchodilator

Pvn and tx asthma, Sznal allergy, exercise induced bronchoconstrictin

Disrupts leukotrines and smooth muscle construction

Consider: watch resp status, liver labs, not for acute asthma❗️

103
Q

Morphine (MS Contin)

A

Opioid

For pain, pulm edema, MI

Cns depress, cough reflex dec, GI motility dec

Consider: can cause 🔺in thought, hypotn, constipation, N/V, watch VS /RR, ⚠️MAOI, 🔁Narcan

104
Q

Nalbuphine (Nubain)

A

Opioid

For pain, labor pain, sedation for surg, balances anesthesia

Cns depress

Consider:can cause dizzy, headache, N/V, resp depress, ⚠️ head trauma, 🚫MAOI, watch pancrease, pain, VS, 🔁Narcan

105
Q

Naproxen (Aleve)

A

NSAID

for pain, dismenorrhea, fever, inflam

Inhib prostaglandin

Consider: can cause GI bleed, anaphylaxis, SJ syndrome; risk of MI, CVA. Aspirin lowers effects, ⚠️pt c GI bleeds, watch pain and sit upright after taking for a while

106
Q

Nifedipine (Procardia)

A

CCB

for HTN, angina, migraines, CHF

Inhib contractility -> vasodilation

Consider: can cause arrythmia, gingival hyperplasia, SJ syndrome, inc liver labs, ⚠️♥️block, hypotn, 🚫grapefruit , watch calcium, VS

107
Q

Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

A

Vasodilator

For HTN crisis, cardiogenic shock

Vasodilates peripherally to decrease preload and afterload

Consider: can cause cyanide tox❗️, watch VS, EKG, PAO

108
Q

Norepinephrine (Levophed)

A

Vasopressor

For extreme hypotn and shock

Inc BP and CO, stim alpha receptor

Consider: watch BP continuously, EKG, CVP, possible rebound hypotn, have pt report cp and dizzy

109
Q

Nystatin (mycostatin)

A

Antifungal

For candidiasis, denture stomatitis

Makes fungal cells leak and die

Consider: can cause N/V/D, use to soak dentures, watch mucous membrane

110
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

A

Antipsychotic, mood stabilizer

For schizophrenia, mania, depression, anorexia, chemo N/V

Dopamine and sero antag

Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, sx,suicide, insomnia, tardive diskinesia ❗️, agranulocytosis ❗️, constipation, tremors, watch mental status, hemodynamics, BS, I&O, liver fn🚫breastfeeding

111
Q

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

A

PPI antiulcer

For GERD, ulcers, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, reduce GI bleed risk

Dec gastric acid prod

Consider: take 30-60 min before food, report black tarry stool ❗️

112
Q

Ondansetron (Zofran)

A

5-HT3 antag, antiemetic

For N/V

Blocks sero on Vagal nerve in cns

Consider: can cause headache, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, watch for EPS ❗️, liver labs, give very slowly over 2-5 min or else fatal QT prolong , VTach, resp arrest☠️❗️

113
Q

Oxycodone (OxyContin)

A

Opioid combo

For pain

Binds to cns to depress

Consider: can cause resp depress, dependence, constipation, confusion, sedation, hallucination, urine rtn, can raise pancreases enzyme, watch pain, bowel fn, VS, ⚠️inc ICP, 🚫MAOI

114
Q

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

A

Oxytocic

To induce labor, PP hemorrhage

Stim smooth muscle

Consider: can cause ICH in fetus, asphyxia in fetus, coma and sx for mom, painful cx, uterine tetany, watch FHR, cx, BP, Moms lytes,

115
Q

Pancrelipase (Creon)

A

Pancreases enzyme

For pancreatic insufficiency, duct all obstruction

Replaces lipase, amylase, and protease

Consider: can cause sob, N/D, rash, watch for steatorrhea (fat poo), nutrition, uric acid levels, take c food, 🚫pork allergy

116
Q

Pantoprazole (Protonix)

A

PPI , anti ulcer

For GERD, GI bleed

Dec gastric acid prod

Consider: can cause high BS, abdom pain, can lower absorption of other meds, inc bleed risk c warfarin, watch liver labs, bloody poo

117
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A

SSRI, anti anxiety

For MDD, OCD, anxiety, PTSD

block reuptake of sero

Consider: can cause suicide, neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, serotonin syndrome ❗️, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia, lowers effect of digoxin, inc bleed risk c warfarin, 🚫MAOI

118
Q

Phenazopyridine(Puridium)

A

Non opioid analgesic

For urological pain

Pain relief to urinary tract

Consider: can cause headache, vertigo, pee turns orange, watch renal and liver labs

119
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsant

For tonclon sx, arrythmia, neuropathic pain

Shortens axn potentials, blocks high freq firing

Consider: can cause suicide, ataxia, EPS❗️, hypotn, tachycardia, arrhythmia, gingival hyperplasia, rash, agranulocytosis ❗️, SJ syndrome, nausea, tube feed can decrease level, watch VS, sx, hypersensitivity, serum levels often

120
Q

Procainamide

A

Antiarrhythmic Na channel blocker

For wide variety vent and atrial arrhythmias, PAC, PVC, VTach, , post cardio version

Slows conduction velocity

Consider: can cause vent arrhythmias, sx, asystole, ♥️block, hypotn, watch for widened QRS EKG, watch for agranulocytosis ❗️ on CBC, can cause lupus❗️

121
Q

Promethazine (Promethacon)

A

Antiemetic, antihistamine, sedative

For allergic rxn, N/V, sedation

Histamine blocker, cns depress

Consider: can cause cns depress s/s, watch for neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, confusion and sedation, can cause damage to iv site and impair liver fn

122
Q

Propofol(Diprivan)

A

General anesthetic

For anesthesia, induction, sedation

Hypnotic causes amnesia

Consider: can cause apnea, bradycardia, hypotn, pain at site, green pee, watch LOC, airway, VS, ⚠️CVD, Lipid disorder, inc ICP

123
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

BB

for HTN, angina, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety

B1and 2 blocker

Consider: can cause bradycardia, CHF, pulm edema❗️, masks low BS, watch breathing, VS, I&O🚫CHF, pulm edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, ♥️block

124
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

A

Antithyroid

For hyperthyroidism

Inhib TH

Consider: N/V, agranulocytosis ❗️, leukopenia, neutropenia , watch liver labs, CBC c Differentia, take c food

125
Q

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

A

Antipsychotic mood stabilizer

For schizophrenia, depression, mania

Dopa and sero antag

Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, sx, dizzy, palps, weight gain, anorexia, QT prolongation ❗️, watch liver and CBC, EKG, watch weight, 🚫other cns depressants

126
Q

Ranitidine (Zantac)

A

H2 antag

For duodenal ulcer, GERD, esophagitis, GI bleed

Dec gastric acid secretion

Consider: can cause arrhythmia, agranulocytosis ❗️, aplastic anemia❗️, confusion, watch blood in stool and CBC

127
Q

Rifampin (Rimactane)

A

Antitubercular

For TB

inhibs rna synth

Consider: can cause N/V/D, confusion, red body fluids, watch renal and liver fn

128
Q

Salmeterol (Serevent)

A

Adrenergic bronchodilator

For reversible airway obstruction, exercise induced asthma

B2 stim -> bronchodilation

Consider: can cause headache, palps, inc BStachycardia, abdom pain, paradoxical bronchospasm, BB dec effect, watch RR, take main bronchodilator first

129
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)

A

SSRI

For MDD, OCD, anxiety

Inhib sero reuptake

Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, suicide, drowsy, dizzy, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, tremor, serotonin syndrome ❗️, sex dysfn, watch mood 🔺, takes a month to work, 🚫MAOI

130
Q

Spironolqctone (Aldactone)

A

K sparing diuretic

For hypoK, HTN, edema, CHF

inhib Na reabsorption, sparing K and water

Consider: watch I&O, VS, renal labs and lytes, 🚫hyperK

131
Q

Streptokinase (Streptase)

A

Thrombolytic

For PE, VTE, DVT, occluded line, arterial thrombus

Degrades coot

Consider: watch VS continuously, watch bleed, 🚫invasive procedures, active bleed, hypersensitive, bronchospasm, intracranial hemorrhage, hypotn

132
Q

Sucralfate(Carafate)

A

Antiulcer

For GI ulcer, GI bleed pvn with NSAID

Created protective paste over ulcer

Consider: using c antacids can lower effect, take on empty stomach, ⚠️renal pts

133
Q

Terbutaline (Brethaire)

A

Bronchodilator

For asthma, COPD, preterm labor

Bronchodilates

Consider: can cause nervousness, tremors, dec K level, watch FHR and mom VS, watch RR, BB reduce effect

134
Q

Tetracycline (Doxycycline)

A

Tetracycline ABX

for inf c penicillin allergy, gonorrhea, syphilis, chronic beonchitis

Bacteriostatic, inhib protein synth

Consider: can cause p colitis, N/V/D, photosensitivity, rash, can inc bleed c warfarin, obtain culture before and during, watch liver and renal labs

135
Q

Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

A

Antiprotazoal ABX

For bronchitis, UTI, diarrhea, pneumonia, multiple infections

Bacteriacidal pvn metabolism of folic acid

Consider: can cause renal damage, SJ syndrome, rash, p colitis, N/V/D, agranulocytosis ❗️,aplastic anemia ❗️,phlebitis, obtain culture before and during, watch I&O, CBC drink lots of water, 🚫sulfa allergy

136
Q

Vancomycin (Vancocin)

A

ABX

for sepsis

Bacteriacidal

Consider: can cause ototoxicity, N/V, nephrotoxic, anaphylaxis, red man syndrome (red rash on face and trunk),obtain baseline cultures and during, freq serum draws, watch VS, give over 60min

137
Q

Vasopressin(Pitressin)

A

Antidiuretic hormone ADH

For DI, VTach, Vfib if initial shock is ineffective, GI hemorrhage

Let’s water flow better to kidney collection duct, increases PVR to raise BP

Consider: watch VS and EKG, urine spec grav, weights and I&O, lytes, watch for edema, 🚫alcohol, pork allergy, renal failure, ⚠️CHF, CV disease

138
Q

Verapamil (Isoptin)

A

CCB cardioselective

For HTN, angina, SVT, migraine

Decrease contraction and vasodilates

Consider: can cause anxiety, confusion, cough, dyspnea, arrhythmia, CHF, bradycardia, hypotn, SJ syndrome, high BS, gingival hyperplasia peripheral edema, cinstipation, dig tox ❗️, watch VS EKG, liver labs, 🚫2nd and 3rd”♥️block, systolic BP<90, grapefruit

139
Q

Warfarin(Coumadin)

A

Anticoag

For PE, VTE, Afib, MI

Stops liver from making vitamin K

Consider: can cause bleeding c NSAIDS, aprinin, azole antifungals, cimetidine, 🚫alcohol, active bleeds, HTN, full history of meds, check bleed time often, 🔁VitaminK

140
Q

Penicillin A/E

A

Hyperreflexia, c diff, lyte disturbance, sx, coma

141
Q

Cephalosporin A/E

A

Abdom cramps, sx, blood disorder, hepatitis, fever, inc creatinine

142
Q

Sulfonamide ABX A/E

A

Fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, tubular necrosis, hyperkalemia

143
Q

Fluoroquinolone ABX A/E

A

Tendinitis, tendon rupture, QT interval prolong, nephropathy, liver failure

144
Q

Tetracycline ABX A/E

A

GI distress, ulcers, blue skin/sclera, vertigo

140 NCLEX MEDS (1 decks)

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