NCLEX MEDS Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
Alteplase (tPA)
A
Thrombolytic
Given for MI, ischemic stroke, occluded central line
Convert plasminogen to plasmin and degrades fibrin
Consideration: anaphylaxis, uncontrolled HTN, 🚫 pt c active bleed
2
Q
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
A
Lipid lowering agent
For cholesterol mgmt, to pvn cardiovascular disease
Lowers LDL and slightly raises HDL
Consider: contraindicated in liver disease❗️, can cause rhabdomyolosis, watch serum cholesterol, check liver and renal labs
3
Q
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
A
Antipyretic/NSAID
for pain, fever
Inhibit prostaglandins to reduce pain/fever
Consider: no more than 4g/day, hepatptoxic, 🔁acetadote, high risk bleed c warfarin
4
Q
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
A
Antiviral
For genital herpes, herpes zoster
Stops viral dna synth
Consider: sx, renal fail, Steven Johnson, thrombolytic thrombopenic syndrome, N/V/D
5
Q
Albuterol (proventil)
A
Bronchodilator
For asthma, COPD
Relax airway muscles
Consider: lower effect of bblockers, digoxin, watch cp and palps, caution c diabetes,♥️ disease, sx
6
Q
Alendronate (Fosamax)
A
Biphosphate
For osteoporosis
Stops bone resorption in blood
Consider: take in AM c water before brekky, watch serum Ca++ and vit D, can cause muscle ache
7
Q
Alprazolam (Xanax)
A
Benzodiazepine/ anti anxiety
For anxiety, panic, mania, psychosis, PMS symptoms
cns depress for anxiolytic
Consider: lethargy, dependence, mental status,🚫grapefruit, 🔁flumazenil
8
Q
Amiodarone (cordarone)
A
Antiarrhythmic K+ channel blocker
For vent arrhythmias, SVT, ACLS protocol for VFib and VTach
Slows HR, vasodilates
Consider: ❗️❗️❗️can cause ARDS, pulm tox, CHF, bradycardia, hypotn, possible QT prolong, dig tox, warfarin tox, watch EKG, check liver fn, 🚫grapefruit
9
Q
Amitryptiline (Elavil)
A
TCA
for depression, anxiety, insomnia
Raises serotonin and norepi in 🧠
Consider: 🚫MI, MAOI in 2 wks, ♥️fail,QT prolong, glaucoma, risk of suicide, arrhythmia, hypotn, EKG🔺, BS🔺, causes sedation, photosensitive, blue urine
10
Q
Amlodipine (Norvasc)
A
Ca++ channel blocker
For HTN, angina
inhibits muscle excitation/contraction
Consider: peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia, pt monitors their BP, watch I&O, HR/BP, s/s CHF, 🚫grapefruit
11
Q
Amoxicillin (Moxatag)
A
Penicillin ABX/anti ulcer
For skin, resp, sinus infections, lime disease, endocarditis prophylaxis
Stops bact cell wall synth
Consider: 🚫penicillin allergy, can cause sx, watch rash, renal labs, diarrhea(bloody)
12
Q
Ampicillin (Principen)
A
Penicillin ABX
For skin, soft tissue, sinus, resp, and GU infections, otitis media, meningitis, septicemia
Bactericidal-binds cells wall and kills
Consider: 🚫penicillin allergy, can cause sx, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, super infection, watch renal and liver labs, inhibits oral bc
13
Q
Aspirin
A
Antipyretic/ NSAID
for RA, OA, ischemic stroke, MI prophylaxis
Dec fever/ inflam, platelet aggregation
Consider: bleed risk with disorders, alcohol, other NSAID use, plavix, warfarin, heparin, can cause SJ syndrome, watch liver labs
14
Q
Atenolol (Tenorim)
A
Bblocker
For HTN, angina, pvn of MI
blocks b2 receptors
Consider: 🚫CHF, pulm edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, heart block, masks low BS, watch BP/HR, can cause ortho hypotn
15
Q
Atropine (Atropen)
A
Antiarrhythmic
For low HR, ♥️block, bronchospasm, dec oral and resp secretions
Inhibits parasympathetic NS; inc HR, bronchodilates
Consider: may cause urine rtn and constipation, watch HR and palps, 🚫 hemorrhage, tachycardia, angle closure glaucoma
16
Q
Azithromycin (Zithromax)
A
ABX for atypical mycobacterium
For URI, bronchitis, LRI, otitis media, skin inf, STIs, pvn endocarditis, CF
Consider: can cause pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, angioedema, N/V/D, SJ syndrome, pain, warfarin tox, ❗️bloody stool, take as Rx
17
Q
Benzotropine (Cogentin)
A
Anticholinergic
For Parkinson’s
Reduces rigidity and tremors
Consider: can cause hypotn, arrhythmia, tachycardia, palps, dry mouth, constipation, ❗️EPS, maintain good oral hygiene
18
Q
Biscodyl (Ducolax)
A
Laxative stimulant
For constipation/ bowel regimen
Stim peristalsis and fluid in colon
Consider: can cause hypoK+❗️, pain and cramps, 🚫milk, watch abdom distention, fluid and lytes, drink 1500-2kml/day
19
Q
Bismuth Subsicylate (PeptoBismol)
A
Anti diarrheal/ ulcer
For diarrhea, GERD, indigestion. HPylori ulcer
Help absorb fluid in instestines
Consider: 🚫aspirin sensitivity, risk of impaction with old, watch liver labs, can fuck w radiologic scans
20
Q
Bupropion (Wellbutrin)
A
Antidepressant/ smoking deterrent
For depression, smoking cessation, adult ADHD
Consider: can cause sx, suicide, 🚫MAOI and alcohol, watch mental status and liver and renal labs
21
Q
Buspirone (BuSpar)
A
Antidepressant/smoking deterrent
For anxiety
Binds c dopamine and sero receptors
Consider: can cause drowsy, dizzy, fatigue, cp, tachycardia, palps, 🚫 other antidepressant, alcohol, grapefruit, and MAOI
22
Q
Butorphanol (Stadol)
A
Opioid
For sever pain, labor pain, sedation
Binds to opioid reception in CNS
Consider: can cause confusion, hallucination, sedation, 🚫 MAOI, watch CNS status BP/RR, give slow IV
23
Q
Calcium Acetate (Phoslo)
A
Antacid
For hypoCa++, hypoK+, hypoMg, hyperPO3- in ESRD, helps in cardiac arrest
Helps transmit impulses, blood formation/coag
Consider: can cause arrest and arrhythmias, hypotn, bradycardia, phlebitis at IV site, dig tox,watch labs and paraTH
24
Q
Calcium Carbonate(Tums)
A
Antacid
For hypoCa++, hypoK+, hypoMg, for cardiac arrest, osteoporosis, and acid reduced
Helps contract muscle, blood formation/coag, protects cell wall
Consider: can cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmia, low BP, low HR, dig tox, watch paraTH
25
Captopril (Capoten)
ACE inhibs
For HTN, CHF, DM neuropathy
Blocks angio ii conversion causing vasodilation
Consider: can cause neutropenia, non prod cough, angioedema❗️, hyperK+❗️, rhabdomyelosis, take 1h before food, watch WBC, BP, I&O, renal labs, 🚫diuretics, K+ meds, NSAIDS, Li, HTN meds
26
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Anticonvulsant
For Sx, DM neuropathy, pain
Dec Na+ channel transmission
Consider: can cause suicide, SJ syndrome, ❗️agranulocytosis, ❗️aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia ❗️, watch CBC and platelets, 🚫MAOI, grapefruit, fucks with oral bc
27
Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)
Antiparkinson dopamine agonist
For PD
levodopa converts to dopamine, carbidopa prevents destruction of dopamine
Consider: can cause ortho hypotn, dark urine, takes months to work, watch Parkinsonian s/s, 🚫glaucoma, melanoma, MAOI
28
Cefaclor (Ceclor)
Cephalosporin ABX
for resp, skin infects, otitis media
Bacteriacidal, binds and destroys cell wall on bact
Consider: can cause sx, pseudomemb colitis, phlebitis at site, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, superinfection, watch bowel fn, obtain baseline cultures, 🚫 cephalosporin and penicillin allergy
29
Cefdinir (Omnicef)
Cephalosporin ABX
for skin inf and otitis media
Bacteriacidal, binds to wall and kills bact
Consider: can cause sx, p.colitis, phlebitis at site, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, watch bowel fn and bleed, obtain baseline culture, 🚫cephalosporin ABX penicillin allergy
30
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Antirheumatic NSAID
for OA, RA, acute pain
Dec pain by inhib prostaglandin
Consider:can cause MI, CVA, thrombosis, GI bleed, SJ syndrome, dermatitis, caution with CV disease, ❗️new onset abdom pain/black stool
31
Cephalexin (Keflex)
Cephalosporin ABX
For skin inf, UTI, otitis media, pneumonia
Consider: can cause sx, p. colitis, phlebitis at site, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, watch bowel fn, liver labs, obtain baseline cultures
32
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Antipsychotic, antiemetic
For 2nd line for schizo and psychosis, N/V, BPD, preop sedation, acute intermittent porphyria
Alters dopamine’s affect on CNS
Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome❗️, sedation, tardive dyskinesia❗️, hypotn, agranulocytosis ❗️, watch BP, CBC, liver labs, baseline and continuous mental status
33
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Histamine 2 antag, antiulcer
For duodenal ulcer, GERD, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, pvn GI bleed
Inhib gastric acid secretion
Consider: can cause resp infection, arrhythmia, ❗️agranulocytosis, ❗️aplastic anemia, constipation, bleed risk c warfarin, watch CBC, drink fluids
34
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Fluoroquinolone ABX
for UTI, gonorrhea, resp, skin, bone, abdom inf, inf diarrhea, pneumonia, bronchitis
Inhib bact dna synth
Consider: can cause sx, arrhythmia, QT prolong❗️, p. Colitis, SJ syndrome, anaphylaxis, watch renal and liver labs, obtain baseline and continued culture
35
Clindamycin (Cleocin)
ABX
skin, resp, abdom inf, septicemia, osteomyelitis
Inhibs protein synth
Consider: can cause arrhythmias, p. Colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at site, watch bowels, liver labs, CBC, obtain baseline culture and continuous
36
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Anti platelet
For atherosclerotic events(MI,CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome)
Consider: can cause GI bleed, neutropenia, hypercholesterolemia, inc bleed risk c warfarin, heparin, aspirin, garlic, ginkgo, ginger, watch CBC, platelets, bleed times, DC 5-7 days preop
37
Codeine (Paveral)
Opioid
For pain, diarrhea, cough suppressant
Binds to opioid receptor in CNS
Consider: can cause hypotn, constipation, N/V, dec cough reflex, dec GI motility, watch BP, HR, RR before and after, 🚫MAOI, 🔁Narcan
38
Cortisone (Cortone)
Anti asthmatic, corticosteroid
For adrenocorticoid insufficiency, Addisons
Replaces cortisol in deficiency, suppress inflam/ immune response
Consider: can cause CNS🔺, peptic ulcer, weight gain, osteoporosis, poor healing, inc BS, inc cholesterol, cushingoid appearance, 🚫untreated infections, watch liver labs
39
Cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
Immunosuppressant, anti rheumatic DMARD
To pvn rejection of implant(lifelong tx), tx severe RA, UC
Inhib immune response
Consider: can cause sx, tremor, HTN, N/V/D, gingival hyperplasia, 🚫grapefruit, watch liver, renal labs, BP
40
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Antiasthmatic, corticosteroid
For cerebral edema, Cushing disease
Dec inflam/immune response
Consider: can cause CNS🔺, peptic ulcer, cishingoid appearance, weight gain, osteoporosis, poor wound healing, inc BS, inc cholesterol, 🚫untreated inf, watch liver labs
41
Diazepam (Vallium)
Benzodiazepine
For anxiety, preop sedation, conscious sedation, sx, insomnia, alcohol withdraw
Depresses CNS
Consider: can cause dizzy, lethargy, hypotn, dependence, tolerance, 🚫alcohol, hepatic dysfn, renal impairment, watch liver and renal labs, 🔁Romazicon
42
Digoxin (Lanoxin)
Antiarrhythmic, inotropic
For CHF, Afib, Aflutter
Inc myocard cx, inc CO and slow HR
Consider: can cause tox c diuretics, hypoK+ and HyperCa++, bradycardia, visual 🔺(toxic), count pulse for 1min before dose, watch renal labs, 🚫uncontrolled vent arrhythmias, diuretics
43
Diltiazem(Cardizem)
Ca++ channel blocker, antianginal, antiarrhythmic
For HTN, angina, SVT, Afib, Aflutter
Dec HR, BP, vasodilation
Can cause arrhythmias, CHF bradycardia, peripheral edema❗️, gingival hyperplasia, ortho hypotn, 🚫grapefruit, 2nd and 3rd” ♥️block, watch EKG, check BP and K+
44
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Antihistamine, antitussive
For allergies, anaphylaxis, sedation; motionsickness, coughing
Antag histamine, CNS depress
Consider: can cause drowsiness, anorexia, fry mout, chest tightness, thick mucous, hypotn, headache, N, blurred vision, watch lung and cough sounds, sleep patterns, 🚫other OTC cough remedies
45
Diphenoxylate/Atropine (Lomotil)
Anticholinergic, antidoarrheal
For diarrhea
Inhib GI motility
Consider: can cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, Ileus, 🚫opioid allergy, angle closure glaucoma, dehydration, watch liver labs
46
Divalproex (Depakote)
Anticonvulsant, headache suppressant
For sx, manic episode, pvn headache
Inc GABA in CNS
Consider: can cause suicide, agitation, dizzy, insomnia, pancreatitis, inc risk bleed c warfarin, 🚫MAOI, watch liver labs
47
Dobutamine (Dobutrex)
Beta adrenergic agon, inotropic
For short term mgmt ♥️fail
Inc CO w/o affect on HR
Consider: can cause HTN, tachycardia, PVC, skin rxn, watch CO, pulses, BB meds can deter this med
48
Dopamine (Intropin)
Inotropic, Vasopressor❗️
To inc BP, CO, UO
<2mcg/kg/min to renal vasodilate
2-10mcg/kg/min to stim ♥️
>10mcg/kg/min to vasoconstrict to inc SVR
Consider: can cause irritation at site, BB can counteract, watch closely BP, HR, EKG, CVP, PAOP❗️
49
Enalapril (Vasotec)
ACE inhib
For HTN, CHF
PVN angio ii conversion, vasodilation
Consider: can cause neutropenia, dry cough, angioedema ❗️, hyperK+❗️, 🚫diuretic, Ksparing, watch CBC, WBC, renal labs, weight and I&O, BP, give 1h before food
50
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
Antithrombotic
To pvn VTE, DVT, PE
pvn thrombus formation on factor Xa and thrombin
Consider: bleed risk c aspirin, plavix, heparin, tpa, 🚫pork allergy, give subcut
51
epinephrine (Adrenalin,Epipen)
Adrenergic agon, anti asthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor ❗️
For asthma, COPD, allergic rxn, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct
Inc HR, BP, bronchodilates
Consider: can cause angina, tachycardia, HTN, nervousness, inc BS, bronchospasm, thick secretions, 🚫MAOI(HTN crisis), caffeine, gaurana, stimulants, watch lung sounds, HR, BP, BB can counteract
52
Epoetin (Epogen)
Antianemic, hormone
For anemia
Stim erythropoesis in bone Marrow
Consider: can cause sx, CHF, MI, HTN, 🚫shaming vial, albumin sensitivity, watch BP, bleeding times, dialysis shunt sites
53
Erythromycin (E-Mycin)
Macrolide ABX
for inf when penicillin can’t be taken, URI, LRI, skin inf, otitis media, pertussis, syphilis, rheumatic fever
Bacteriostatic, suppress bact protein synth
Consider: can cause QT prolong❗️, vent arehythmias❗️, diarrhea, watch liver labs
54
Escitalipram (Lexapro)
SSRI, antidepressant
For MDD, anxiety, PCD, PTSD, social phobias
Selective sero reuptake
Consider: can cause suicide, insomnia, drowsy, N/D, serotonin syndrome ❗️, QT prolong❗️, sexual dysfn, can take a month to work, 🚫MAOI
55
Famotidine (Pepcid)
H2 antag
For short term tx ulcer, GERD, indigestion,!Zollinger Ellison syndrome, overuse of NSAID, pvn of GI bleed
Inhib gastric secretions
Consider: can cause arrythmias, agranulocytosis ❗️, aplastic anemia❗️, watch abdom pain, blood in feces, CBC, inc fluids
56
Fentanyl (Sublimaze)
Opioid
To supplement general anesthesia, analgesia
Binds to CNS opioid receptors to depress
Consider: can cause apnea, ❗️❗️laryngospasm, dec RR, bradycardia, hypotn, 🚫grapefruit, MAOI, inc ICP, head trauma, adrenal insufficiency, watch pain scale, hemodynamics , 🔁Narcan
57
Ferrous Sulfate(Feosol)
Iron supplement
Pvn iron deficiency anemia
Binds c hemoglobin and enzymes
Consider: can cause sx, hypotn, constipation, epigastroc pain, diarrhea, skin stain, anaphylaxis, watch nutrition status, bowel fn, liver labs, take on empty stomach c vit c to inc absorption
58
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
SSRI antidepressant
For depression. OCD, bulimia, panic, bipolar, anorexia, ADHD, DM neuropathy, obesity
Inhib sero reuptake
Consider: can cause suicide, drowsy, sex dysfunction,anxiety, insomnia, palps, serotonin syndrome❗️, QT prolong❗️, 🚫MAOI, watch nutrition, liver labs, oral hygiene, mood 🔺
59
Flutixasone(Flovent)
Corticosteroid, antiasthmatic
Pvn asthma exacerbation
Local long acting anti inflammatory
Consider: can cause headache, insomnia, bronchospasm, congestion, adrenal suppression, dec bone density, 🚫untx inf, suppressed immune fn, smoking, use bronchodilator first
60
Furosemide (Lasix)
Loop diuretic
For edema, HTN
pvn reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, inc excretion of water, Na+, CL-, Mg, K+
Consider: can cause dig tox❗️, hypotn, dry mouth, excessive urine, dehydration, lyte imbalances❗️, metabolic alkalosis❗️, arthritic s/s, 🚫liver disease, aminoglycosides(ototoxicity), anti hypertensives, watch renal labs, hemodynamics
61
Gabapentin(Neurontin)
Analgesic adjunct, anticonvulsant, mood stabilizer
For sx, periph neuropathy, neuropathic pain, pvn migraine
Consider: can cause suicide, confusion, depression, drowsy, ataxia, facial edema, HTN, watch mood🔺, pain level, sx activity
62
Gentamicin (Cidomycin)
Aminoglycoside ABX
for gram - bact, penicillin can’t be taken
Inhib bact protein synth
Consider: can cause tinnitus, watch renal, liver, blood labs, obtain culture prior to and during, 🚫penicillins
63
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Sulfonylurea, anti diabetic
For DMII
stim release and sensitivity of insulin
Consider: can cause aplastic anemia❗️, low BS, photosensitivity, dizzy, drowsy, diarrhea, headache, watch CBC, BS, BP(can mask lowBS), Carry sugar source in case, 🚫allergy to sulfa
64
Glucagon(Glucagen)
Pancreatic
For severe low BS, 🔁for BB and CCBs
Stim glucose production, relaxes GI tract
Consider: can cause hypotn, anaphylaxis, watch neuro status, BS, BP
65
Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
Cold remedy/expectorant
Cough suppressant
Mobilizes and thins secretions
Consider: watch lung sounds, 🚫other OTC cold meds, maintain fluids
66
Haloperidol (Haldol)
Atypical antipsychotic
For schizo, mania, aggressive behavior
Alters dopamines affectbone cns
Consider: can cause EPS❗️, QT prolong❗️, agranulocytosis ❗️, sx, constipation, dry mouth, hallucinations, neuroleptic malignant sundrome❗️, watch mental status, hemodynamics, CBC c differential
67
Heparin(Heplock)
Antithrombotic
For VTE, prophylaxis and tx, patentcy of IV
Inhib factor Xa
Consider: can cause hyperK+, bleed c lovenox, warfarin, aspirin, tpa, watch bleed, platelets, 🔁Protamine Sulfate
68
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
Vasodilator
For HTN
Arterial vasodilator
Consider: can cause tachycardia, Na+ rtn, arrhythmia, angina, 🚫MAOI, watch BP
69
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril)
Diuretic
For HTN, CHF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid tx
Inc excretion of water and Na+, arterial dilation
Consider: can cause dizziness, (dig tox)hypoK, ❗️hypoNa, hypoMg, hypoPO3, watch BP, I&O, lytes
70
Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen (Norco)
Opioid combo
For mod/severe pain
Binds to opioid receptors to cns depress, cough suppress
Consider: can cause hypotn, low RR, increase ICP, 🚫MAOI, head trauma, >4g of acetaminophen, 🔁Narcan
71
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
Opioid
Mod/severe pain
Binds to opioid receptors depress cns, cough suppressant
Consider: can cause low RR, hypotn, low HR, can be used as antitussive, 🚫MAOI, 🔁Narcan
72
Ibuprofen (Motrin/Advil)
Antipyretic, antirheumatic, NSAID
for mild/mod pain, inflammation
Inhib prostaglandin to dec inflam and pain
Consider: can cause GI bleed, anaphylaxis, N/V, constipation, headache, SJ syndrome, 🚫alcohol, if rash develops, watch liver and renal labs
73
Indomethacin(Indocin)
Antirheumatic, ductus arteriosis patency adjunct, NSAID
For inflammatory disorders when other meds don’t work
Dec pain and inflam by inhib prostaglandin
Consider: can cause dizzy, drowsy, headach, anaphylaxis, pihotosensitivity, GI bleed, watch liver, renal labs, bleed, shake before giving
74
Insulin Regular (Humulin, Novolin R)
Antidiabetic
For high BS
inhib glucose production in liver
Short acting
Consider: can cause decrease K, Mg, PO3
75
NPH insulin (Humilin/Novolin N)
Antidiabetic
For high BS
intermediate acting
76
Insulin Detemir, Insulin Glargine (Levemir, Lantus)
Antidiabetic
For high BS
Long acting
77
Insulin aspart (Novolog) insulin lispro (humalog), insulin glulisine (apidra)
Antidiabetic
For high BS
rapid acting
78
Radioactive iodine
Antithyroid agent
For thyroidectomty pretx, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure
Inhibs TH release
Consider: can cause GI bleed, diarrhea, goiter, hypoTH
79
Isoniazide (INH)
Antitubercular
For TB
inhib synth of bact cell wall
Consider: can cause jaundice, periph neuropathy, sx,🚫food with tyramine, watch liver labs, used often with Rifampin
80
Ketorolac (Toradol)
NSAID
for pain
Inhib prostaglandin
Consider: can cause GI bleed, SJ syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsy, bleed risk c garlic, ginger, ginkgo ❗️, dec effects of BB and diuretics, use less than 5 days
81
Lactulose (Kristalose)
Laxative
For constipation, portal systemic encephalopathy
Softens stool c water pulled from surroundings
Consider: can cause cramping, abdom distention, high BS, pt should have 2-3 BM/day, watch mental status, ammonia serum, abdom distention, ⚠️DM
82
Lanotrigine (Lamictal)
Anticonvulsant
For sx, epilepsy, bipolar
Inhib Na transport in neuron
Consider: can cause suicide, dizzy, behavior 🔺, N/V, photo sensitivity, rash, SJ syndrome,!⚠️oral bc, watch mental status and sx
83
Levetiracetam (Keppra)
Anticonvulsant
For sx
Dec severity and incidence of sx
Consider: can cause suicide, dizzy, weakness, somnolence, watch RBC, WBC, liver labs
84
Levofloxacin (levequin)
Fluoroquinolone ABX
for uti, gonorrhea, bronchitis, pneumonia, URI, skin and bone inf
Inhibs bact dna synth
Consider: can cause QT prolong❗️, sx, arrythmia, p colitis, anaphylaxis, SJ syndrome, obtain culture prior and during tx, watch renal, liver labs, can dec phenytoin
85
Levothyroxine (Levothyroid)
Hormone
For TH replacement, hypoTH
TH inc metabolism, gluconeogenesis, protein synth, balances hormone and suppresses TH cancer
Consider: can cause cp, tachyarrythmias, inc effects of warfarin, watch TSH levels
86
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
ACE inhib
For HTN and CHF
block angio ii conversion -> vasodilation
Consider: can cause dry cough, 1st dose hypotn, angioedema, ⚠️K sparing supplements, diuretics, watch BP, weight I&O, renal and liver labs
87
Lithium (Lithizine)
Mood stabilizer
For mania
Alters caution transport and reuptake
Consider: can cause sx, arrythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, tremors, hypoTH, fell pt to drink enough, 🚫NSAIDS, ⚠️ACE inhibs(toxicity), check serum often
88
Loperamide (Imodium)
Antidiarrheal
For diarrhea, and post ileostomy drainage
Inhibs peristalsis, dries out and condenses poo
Consider: can cause constipation, watch lytes, fluid, and bowel fn
89
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Benzodiazepine
For anxiety, sedation, sx
General cns depress
Consider: can cause apnea, arrest, bradycardia, hypotn, 🚫alcohol, ⚠️COPD, sleep apnea, other CNS drugs, 🔁Fumazenil(Romazicon)
90
Losartan (Cozaar)
ARB
For HTN, DM neuropathy, CHF
pvn vasoconstriction from angio ii
Consider: can cause hypotn, tachycardia, ❗️angioedema, hyperK❗️, dig tox ❗️, watch BO, HR, fluids, daily weight and I&O, renal and liver labs
91
Magnesium Sulfate(MgSO4)
Mineral electrolyte
To tx hypoMg, HTN, preterm labor, torsades du pointes, asthma, eclampsia, anticonvulsant
Regulate muscle excitability
Consider: can dec RR, cause arrythmia, hypotn, weakness, Mg tox(apnea, loss of deep reflex) ⚠️renal insufficiency, watch EKG, RR, Mg serum, 🔁Calcium Gluconate
92
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Osmotic diuretic
For inc ICP, oligiric renal failure, edema, intraocular pressure
Reabsorbs water and lytes by inc osmotic pressure And excretes in kidney
Consider: can cause dehydration, fluid and lyte imbalance, phlebitis at site, watch neuro status, give c a filter
93
Meperidine (Demerol)
Opioid
Mod/severe pain, sedation
Binds to receptor in cns to depress
Consider: altered mentation, hypotn, constipation, N/V, sx, can inc pancreatic levels❗️, watch VS prior and during tx, bowel fn, ⚠️MAOI, 🔁Narcan
94
Metformin (Glocophage)
Antidiabetic
To manage DMII, PCOS
Dec glucose prod in liver, inc insulin sensitivity
Consider: can cause N/V/D, lactic acidosis❗️, will taste like metal of acidotic❗️, 🚫renal dysfn, metabolic acidosis, watch for DKA, Lactic acidosis
95
Methadone (Mathadose)
Opioid
For withdrawal symptoms and pain
Suppress withdrawal symptoms, dec cough reflex and GI motility
Consider: can cause QTProlong❗️, hypotn, resp depress, dependence, confusion, sedation, can inc pancreatic enzyme ❗️, ⚠️MAOI, watch VS, pain, bowels
96
Methylergonovine (Methergine)
Oxytocic
To tx PP hemorrhage
Cause uterine cx
Consider: can cause hypotn, cramps, N/V, dyspnea, watch VS, uterine response, ensure pt has enough Ca or it won’t work, watch uterine bleeding
97
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
CNS stimulant
For ADHD and narcolepsy
Improves attention span
Consider: can cause sudden death, HTN, palps, anorexia, hyperactivity, insomnia, can dec effects of warfarin and phenytoin, 🚫MAOI, watch VS, 🔺in behavior, dependence
98
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Antiemetic
For N/V, hiccups, migraines, gastric stasis
Stim gastric motility and emptying
Consider: can cause EPS❗️, neuroleptic malignant syndrome❗️, tardive dyskinesia❗️, arrythmia, BP🔺, facial twitch, sedation, 🚫GI obstructing, can dec effect of levodopa, watch liver labs and VS
99
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
BB
for tachyarrythmia, HTN, angina, pvn MI, CHF, can pvn migraine
Cardioselective BB, leave b2 alone
Consider: can cause bradycardia, pulm edema ❗️, watch hemodynamics, I&O, ⚠️MAOI
100
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Antiprotazoal ABX, antiulcer
For abdom inf, gynecological inf, skin, bone , joint inf, cns inf, septicemia, endocarditis, amebic liver abscess, PUD
Bacteriacidal, inhib dna and protein synth
Consider: watch neuro status, parastesia, sx, weakness, ataxia, I&O, Weight, liver labs, obtain cultures prior to and during, 🚫alcohol
101
Midazolam (Versed)
Benzodiazepine
For sedation, conscious sedation, anesthesia; status epilepticus
Cns depress
Consider: watch VS, neuro check, LOC, 🔁Flumazenil(Romazicon)
102
Montelukast (Singulair)
Leukotrine antag, bronchodilator
Pvn and tx asthma, Sznal allergy, exercise induced bronchoconstrictin
Disrupts leukotrines and smooth muscle construction
Consider: watch resp status, liver labs, not for acute asthma❗️
103
Morphine (MS Contin)
Opioid
For pain, pulm edema, MI
Cns depress, cough reflex dec, GI motility dec
Consider: can cause 🔺in thought, hypotn, constipation, N/V, watch VS /RR, ⚠️MAOI, 🔁Narcan
104
Nalbuphine (Nubain)
Opioid
For pain, labor pain, sedation for surg, balances anesthesia
Cns depress
Consider:can cause dizzy, headache, N/V, resp depress, ⚠️ head trauma, 🚫MAOI, watch pancrease, pain, VS, 🔁Narcan
105
Naproxen (Aleve)
NSAID
for pain, dismenorrhea, fever, inflam
Inhib prostaglandin
Consider: can cause GI bleed, anaphylaxis, SJ syndrome; risk of MI, CVA. Aspirin lowers effects, ⚠️pt c GI bleeds, watch pain and sit upright after taking for a while
106
Nifedipine (Procardia)
CCB
for HTN, angina, migraines, CHF
Inhib contractility -> vasodilation
Consider: can cause arrythmia, gingival hyperplasia, SJ syndrome, inc liver labs, ⚠️♥️block, hypotn, 🚫grapefruit , watch calcium, VS
107
Nitroprusside (Nitropress)
Vasodilator
For HTN crisis, cardiogenic shock
Vasodilates peripherally to decrease preload and afterload
Consider: can cause cyanide tox❗️, watch VS, EKG, PAO
108
Norepinephrine (Levophed)
Vasopressor
For extreme hypotn and shock
Inc BP and CO, stim alpha receptor
Consider: watch BP continuously, EKG, CVP, possible rebound hypotn, have pt report cp and dizzy
109
Nystatin (mycostatin)
Antifungal
For candidiasis, denture stomatitis
Makes fungal cells leak and die
Consider: can cause N/V/D, use to soak dentures, watch mucous membrane
110
Olanzapine (Zyprexa)
Antipsychotic, mood stabilizer
For schizophrenia, mania, depression, anorexia, chemo N/V
Dopamine and sero antag
Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, sx,suicide, insomnia, tardive diskinesia ❗️, agranulocytosis ❗️, constipation, tremors, watch mental status, hemodynamics, BS, I&O, liver fn🚫breastfeeding
111
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
PPI antiulcer
For GERD, ulcers, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, reduce GI bleed risk
Dec gastric acid prod
Consider: take 30-60 min before food, report black tarry stool ❗️
112
Ondansetron (Zofran)
5-HT3 antag, antiemetic
For N/V
Blocks sero on Vagal nerve in cns
Consider: can cause headache, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, watch for EPS ❗️, liver labs, give very slowly over 2-5 min or else fatal QT prolong , VTach, resp arrest☠️❗️
113
Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Opioid combo
For pain
Binds to cns to depress
Consider: can cause resp depress, dependence, constipation, confusion, sedation, hallucination, urine rtn, can raise pancreases enzyme, watch pain, bowel fn, VS, ⚠️inc ICP, 🚫MAOI
114
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Oxytocic
To induce labor, PP hemorrhage
Stim smooth muscle
Consider: can cause ICH in fetus, asphyxia in fetus, coma and sx for mom, painful cx, uterine tetany, watch FHR, cx, BP, Moms lytes,
115
Pancrelipase (Creon)
Pancreases enzyme
For pancreatic insufficiency, duct all obstruction
Replaces lipase, amylase, and protease
Consider: can cause sob, N/D, rash, watch for steatorrhea (fat poo), nutrition, uric acid levels, take c food, 🚫pork allergy
116
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
PPI , anti ulcer
For GERD, GI bleed
Dec gastric acid prod
Consider: can cause high BS, abdom pain, can lower absorption of other meds, inc bleed risk c warfarin, watch liver labs, bloody poo
117
Paroxetine (Paxil)
SSRI, anti anxiety
For MDD, OCD, anxiety, PTSD
block reuptake of sero
Consider: can cause suicide, neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, serotonin syndrome ❗️, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia, lowers effect of digoxin, inc bleed risk c warfarin, 🚫MAOI
118
Phenazopyridine(Puridium)
Non opioid analgesic
For urological pain
Pain relief to urinary tract
Consider: can cause headache, vertigo, pee turns orange, watch renal and liver labs
119
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Antiarrhythmic, anticonvulsant
For tonclon sx, arrythmia, neuropathic pain
Shortens axn potentials, blocks high freq firing
Consider: can cause suicide, ataxia, EPS❗️, hypotn, tachycardia, arrhythmia, gingival hyperplasia, rash, agranulocytosis ❗️, SJ syndrome, nausea, tube feed can decrease level, watch VS, sx, hypersensitivity, serum levels often
120
Procainamide
Antiarrhythmic Na channel blocker
For wide variety vent and atrial arrhythmias, PAC, PVC, VTach, , post cardio version
Slows conduction velocity
Consider: can cause vent arrhythmias, sx, asystole, ♥️block, hypotn, watch for widened QRS EKG, watch for agranulocytosis ❗️ on CBC, can cause lupus❗️
121
Promethazine (Promethacon)
Antiemetic, antihistamine, sedative
For allergic rxn, N/V, sedation
Histamine blocker, cns depress
Consider: can cause cns depress s/s, watch for neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, confusion and sedation, can cause damage to iv site and impair liver fn
122
Propofol(Diprivan)
General anesthetic
For anesthesia, induction, sedation
Hypnotic causes amnesia
Consider: can cause apnea, bradycardia, hypotn, pain at site, green pee, watch LOC, airway, VS, ⚠️CVD, Lipid disorder, inc ICP
123
Propranolol (Inderal)
BB
for HTN, angina, arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety
B1and 2 blocker
Consider: can cause bradycardia, CHF, pulm edema❗️, masks low BS, watch breathing, VS, I&O🚫CHF, pulm edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, ♥️block
124
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Antithyroid
For hyperthyroidism
Inhib TH
Consider: N/V, agranulocytosis ❗️, leukopenia, neutropenia , watch liver labs, CBC c Differentia, take c food
125
Quetiapine (Seroquel)
Antipsychotic mood stabilizer
For schizophrenia, depression, mania
Dopa and sero antag
Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, sx, dizzy, palps, weight gain, anorexia, QT prolongation ❗️, watch liver and CBC, EKG, watch weight, 🚫other cns depressants
126
Ranitidine (Zantac)
H2 antag
For duodenal ulcer, GERD, esophagitis, GI bleed
Dec gastric acid secretion
Consider: can cause arrhythmia, agranulocytosis ❗️, aplastic anemia❗️, confusion, watch blood in stool and CBC
127
Rifampin (Rimactane)
Antitubercular
For TB
inhibs rna synth
Consider: can cause N/V/D, confusion, red body fluids, watch renal and liver fn
128
Salmeterol (Serevent)
Adrenergic bronchodilator
For reversible airway obstruction, exercise induced asthma
B2 stim -> bronchodilation
Consider: can cause headache, palps, inc BStachycardia, abdom pain, paradoxical bronchospasm, BB dec effect, watch RR, take main bronchodilator first
129
Sertraline (Zoloft)
SSRI
For MDD, OCD, anxiety
Inhib sero reuptake
Consider: can cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome ❗️, suicide, drowsy, dizzy, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, tremor, serotonin syndrome ❗️, sex dysfn, watch mood 🔺, takes a month to work, 🚫MAOI
130
Spironolqctone (Aldactone)
K sparing diuretic
For hypoK, HTN, edema, CHF
inhib Na reabsorption, sparing K and water
Consider: watch I&O, VS, renal labs and lytes, 🚫hyperK
131
Streptokinase (Streptase)
Thrombolytic
For PE, VTE, DVT, occluded line, arterial thrombus
Degrades coot
Consider: watch VS continuously, watch bleed, 🚫invasive procedures, active bleed, hypersensitive, bronchospasm, intracranial hemorrhage, hypotn
132
Sucralfate(Carafate)
Antiulcer
For GI ulcer, GI bleed pvn with NSAID
Created protective paste over ulcer
Consider: using c antacids can lower effect, take on empty stomach, ⚠️renal pts
133
Terbutaline (Brethaire)
Bronchodilator
For asthma, COPD, preterm labor
Bronchodilates
Consider: can cause nervousness, tremors, dec K level, watch FHR and mom VS, watch RR, BB reduce effect
134
Tetracycline (Doxycycline)
Tetracycline ABX
for inf c penicillin allergy, gonorrhea, syphilis, chronic beonchitis
Bacteriostatic, inhib protein synth
Consider: can cause p colitis, N/V/D, photosensitivity, rash, can inc bleed c warfarin, obtain culture before and during, watch liver and renal labs
135
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)
Antiprotazoal ABX
For bronchitis, UTI, diarrhea, pneumonia, multiple infections
Bacteriacidal pvn metabolism of folic acid
Consider: can cause renal damage, SJ syndrome, rash, p colitis, N/V/D, agranulocytosis ❗️,aplastic anemia ❗️,phlebitis, obtain culture before and during, watch I&O, CBC drink lots of water, 🚫sulfa allergy
136
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
ABX
for sepsis
Bacteriacidal
Consider: can cause ototoxicity, N/V, nephrotoxic, anaphylaxis, red man syndrome (red rash on face and trunk),obtain baseline cultures and during, freq serum draws, watch VS, give over 60min
137
Vasopressin(Pitressin)
Antidiuretic hormone ADH
For DI, VTach, Vfib if initial shock is ineffective, GI hemorrhage
Let’s water flow better to kidney collection duct, increases PVR to raise BP
Consider: watch VS and EKG, urine spec grav, weights and I&O, lytes, watch for edema, 🚫alcohol, pork allergy, renal failure, ⚠️CHF, CV disease
138
Verapamil (Isoptin)
CCB cardioselective
For HTN, angina, SVT, migraine
Decrease contraction and vasodilates
Consider: can cause anxiety, confusion, cough, dyspnea, arrhythmia, CHF, bradycardia, hypotn, SJ syndrome, high BS, gingival hyperplasia peripheral edema, cinstipation, dig tox ❗️, watch VS EKG, liver labs, 🚫2nd and 3rd”♥️block, systolic BP<90, grapefruit
139
Warfarin(Coumadin)
Anticoag
For PE, VTE, Afib, MI
Stops liver from making vitamin K
Consider: can cause bleeding c NSAIDS, aprinin, azole antifungals, cimetidine, 🚫alcohol, active bleeds, HTN, full history of meds, check bleed time often, 🔁VitaminK
140
Penicillin A/E
Hyperreflexia, c diff, lyte disturbance, sx, coma
141
Cephalosporin A/E
Abdom cramps, sx, blood disorder, hepatitis, fever, inc creatinine
142
Sulfonamide ABX A/E
Fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, tubular necrosis, hyperkalemia
143
Fluoroquinolone ABX A/E
Tendinitis, tendon rupture, QT interval prolong, nephropathy, liver failure
144
Tetracycline ABX A/E
GI distress, ulcers, blue skin/sclera, vertigo
