NCLEX Nutrition Flashcards
(33 cards)
When teaching a diabetic client about nutrition, the nurse understands that the client should be taught about the amount of consumption of carbohydrates such as pasta, bread, etc. What information should the nurse include in this teaching?
The nurse should teach the client that carbohydrate intake restrictions should be individualized. No one size fits all approach is appropriate. The client may be able to continue eating daily pasta or bread with a reduction in the portions of this food category. Whole grains are recommended for diabetic clients because the fiber recommendations are the same for a client with DM.
A nurse is teaching a client with Dumping Syndrome. What priority teaching points should the nurse include?
Dumping syndrome - food moves from stomach into the small bowel rapidly after eating.
* Consume small, frequent meals
* Consume protein and fat with each meal
* Avoid simple sugar
* Avoid lactose
* Avoid drinking liquids during meals.
* Drink liquids 1-hour pre or post-meal.
* The client should** lay down **for 30 to 60 minutes post-meal to delay gastric emptying.
* Monitor iron and vitamin B 12
The nurse understands that the recommended intake of grains, dairy, vegetables, fruits, meats, and oils for a healthly adult includes the following servings:
In 24 hours the intake should be as follows:
Grains - 3 or more ounce-equivalents of whole-grain products
Dairy - 3 servings
Vegetables - 2.5 cups or more
Fruits - 2 servings
Meat, poultry, fish, dried beans, eggs - 2 to 3 servings
Oils - sparingly
A nurse is caring for a client with constipation. Nutrition education for this client should include:
Constipation - dx in part on report of less then three bowel movements per week.
Teach to:
* Increase fiber (fruits, vegetables, wheat bran, beans, prunes) gradually to 20-25 grams/day.
* Increase water intake
* Psyllium and methylcellulose are fiber supplements that can assist in treatment but do not contain vitamins
* Probiotics can assist in constipation relief due to promotion of health bowel function. Do NOT give to immune-compromised or critically ill clients.
* Do NOT advise regular usage of simulate laxatives
The nurse is providing nutrition education for a client dx with chronic renal failure. The nurse should include the following recommendations:
- Limit dietary sodium (canned soup, peanut butter, cold cuts, cured meats, and most savory snack foods)
- Limit dietary potassium (dried fruits, spinach, broccoli, bananas, avocado, beans, and lentils)
- Limit dietary phosphorus 1 serving or less (peanut butter, bran, dried peas/beans, chocolate, beer, and cola)
- Ensure intake of high quality proteins (poultry, fish, eggs, soy, and meat). Meat intake 5-6 oz day for men / 4 oz day for women. Protein intake is typically limited.
When calculating the protein requirements for a healthy young adult client the nurse understands that the RDA for protein is _______ g/kg.
The RDA of protein is 0.8 g/kg daily. Remember when calculating the grams of protein required a day you must change the clients weight in pounds to kilograms prior to multiplying the weight by 0.8 to obtain your answer.
The nurse is providing nutrition educaiton to a client with COPD. What information should the nurse include in teaching this client?
- Cosume soft textured foods that are chewed easily.
- Add gravy, butter, and sauces
- Drink high-protein, high calorie formulas between meals
- Consume small meals (six) throughout the day
- Consume cold foods to decrease feelings of fullness
- Consume fluids after meals
- Consume convenience foods that are easy-to-cook (less energy required to prepare)
The nurse understands that vitamin C deficiency places a client at risk for:
Scurvy which produces symptoms of delayed wound healing, fatigue, and bruising/bleeding.
The nurse understands that vitamin A deficiency places a client at risk for:
Immunodeficiency and night time blindness.
The nurse understands that vitamin D deficiency places a client at risk for:
Rickets and osteomalacia with symptoms of bowed legs, fractures, and malformed teeth. Vitamin D is required by the parathyroid gland for appropriate functioning.
When teaching a group of nursing students about iron the nurse would include the following information:
Iron is necessary for oxygen transportation. Heme sources (iron from animal sources that comprises 95% of functional iron in the human body) include meat, fish, and poultry.
The nurse is caring for a client with celiac disease. When discussing nutrition with the client the nurse would include what information?
Celiac disease is an immune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to wheat gluten, rye, and barley. Recommendation includes lifelong adherance to gluten-free diet. The client should avoid lactose-containing foods in most cases. Caution with oat intake; oats are not always risk-free. NO malt, modified food starch, soy sauce, most sauces, communion wafers, play dough, pizza, canned soup, and hot dogs. The client can have corn.
The nurse understands that incomplete proteins are:
Missing 1 or more essential amino acids (9 needed to be complete) necessary for synthesis of protein in the human body. Incomplete proteins include vegetables, nuts, grains, and lentils.
The nurse is caring for a client with neutropenic precautions. The nurse understands that dietary recommendations for this client would include:
Do NOT consume: milk, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, soft boiled eggs, soft cheeses, and deli meats.
The nurse is teaching a group of nursing students about body mass index. The nurse knows that the students understand when they state the anticipated BMI ranges for underweight, healthy weight, overweight, and obese as:
Underweight - below 18.5
Healthy weight - 18.5 to 24.9
Overweight - 25 to 29.9
Obese - greater than or equal to 30
The nurse understands that medications that should be avoided with grapefruit juice include:
Calcium channel blockers, Statins (except pravastatin which is not affected by grapefruit juice), organ transplant medications (cyclosporine), buspirone, antiarrhythmics (amiodarone), and corticosteroids (buspirone)
The nurse is admitting a new client to the medical-surgical unit. The client reports adhering to a Kosher diet. The nurse understands that a Kosher diet means:
Kosher diets are common for Orthodox Judaism. Food must be prepared a specific way on a Kosher diet (Kosher kitchen with no meat and milk together). Animal slaughter must be “humane.” Pork or shellfish products are not included in this diet.
The nurse has admitted a client to the medical-surgical unit who consumes an ovo-vegetarian diet. When the client’s breakfast tray arrives two eggs are present on the tray. The nurse understands that an ovo-vegetarian diet would exclude what food groups?
An ovo-vegetarian diet is predominately vegetable (plant) - based and excludes dairy and meat products. Eggs are allowed on this diet.
The nurse understand that a macrobiotic diet excludes which food groups?
A macrobiotic diet excludes meats. The diet is predominately plant-based but includes fish and seafood.
The nurse understands that a flexitarian diet consists of what dietary recommendations?
Flexitarians occasionally consume meat, fish, and dairy. The diet is predominately plant-based.
The nurse is providing dietary teaching for a mother of a toddler. What information would be important to include?
Toddlers (1 year to 3 years) should limit juice intake to 4 to 6 oz a day. Whole milk is recommended to provide adequate fat intake. Be alert to questions that recommend too much milk intake such as more than 3 cups a day because “milk-aholics” are at risk for nutrient deficiency particularly iron the child may also be overweight. The toddler should eat a variety of food groups with special attention paid to limit choking hazards such as hotdogs, grapes, berries, and foods that become gummy in the mouth.
The nurse is providing nutrition counseling to the parents of a preschooler. What information should the nurse include?
The nurse should recommend the preschooler (3 to 6 year old) eats a variety of food groups. The protein intake recommendation is 13 to 19 g/day of complete protein sources for this age group. The parent may transition the child to low-fat or skim (nonfat) milk after the child reaches at least two years of age.
The nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a school-aged child. What recommendation should the nurse include?
School-age children (6 to 12 years old) should eat a well balanced diet. Weight loss programs are recommended if the child is 40% overweight.
The nurse is teaching an adolescent about nutrition recommendations. What information should the nurse include?
The average diet of an adolescent is deficient in folate, vitamin A, vitamin E, iron, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and fiber. The daily caloric intake for a female age 12-18 year old is 2,000 calories/day. The daily caloric intake for a male age 12-18 years old is 2,200 to 2,800 calories /day.
