NCLEX Prep Flashcards
(45 cards)
1
Q
Fosamax (Alendronate)
A
- Swallow it w/ 8 oz of water
- notify health care provider if have any difficulty swallowing
- Rest for 30 min after taking it
- cause esophagitis or esophageal ulcers
2
Q
Lithicin S/E (Lithane)
A
-Nausea, metallic taste in mouth, fine hand tremors 2 hours after dose
3
Q
Alteplase (TPA)
A
- potent thrombolytic enzyme
- bleeding common side effect
- check PT & PTT
4
Q
Chlorpromazine HCL (Thorazine)
A
- Antipsychotic, sedative, antiemetic
- manages symp. Of schizophrenia
- avoid direct sunlight. Drug make pt. susceptible to sunburn
5
Q
Prior to Cardioversion what medication can you not take?
A
-Digoxin
6
Q
If a patient swallows granular drainage cleaner what do you give them?
A
- Give water or milk (small amounts)
7
Q
Levothyroxine (synthroid)
A
- should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach w/ 8 ounces of water to maximize effects.
- use for hypothyroid
8
Q
Glomerulomephritis
A
- kidney disease in which the part of your kidneys that helps filter waste and fluid from blood is damaged
- moderate edema and oligura,BUN and creat. are increased
- HTN oliguria
- have dietary restrictions which are to limit sodium, fluids
- azotemia- excess of urea and nitrogenous waste in the blood
9
Q
Tardive Dyskinesia
A
- involuntary movements, lower face
- serious side effects from meds that’s been taken for months or years
10
Q
Kubler-Ross – 5 stages of death
A
-Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
11
Q
Droplet Precautions
A
- contact through conjunctivate or mucus membranes of the nose of mouth of a susceptible person
- eg: respiratory droplets: coughs, sneezes, talk, suctioning, endotracheal intubation, chest physiotherapy, CPR
- use standard surgical mark when close contact (3 ft. of less)
- Group A strep (first 24 hours of antimicrobial therapy), adenovirus, rhinovirus, Neisseria meningitis, pertussis, influenza virus
- Think of SPIDERMAN! S-Sepsis, S-Scarlet fever, S-Streptococcal Pharyngitis, P-Parvovirus B19, P-Pneumonia, P-Pertussis, I-Influenza, D-Diptheria (pharyngeal), E-Epiglottitis, R-Rubella, M-Mumps, M-Meningitis, M-Mycoplasma or meningeal Pneumonia, An-Adenovirus
- Private Room or cohort Mask
12
Q
Airborne precautions
A
- used when microorganisms dispersed through the air over long distances remain infective over time and distance.
- use special air handling and ventilation systems
- wearing respiratory protection N95 or higher level respiratory
- My-Measles Chicken-Chicken Pox/Varicella Hez- Herpes Zoster/Shingles TB-Tuberculosis
13
Q
Neutropenic Precautions
A
- used to prevent infections with client who have neutropenia (low white blood cell counts) or are immunocompromised
- Bathe daily
- Health care workers will wear gowns, mask, gloves
- strict hand washing, clients in private room, visitors are restricted, or fruits
14
Q
Contact Precautions
A
- MRS.WEE
- M-Multidrug resistant organism, R-Respiratory Infection, S-Skin Infections, W-Wound infection, E-Enteric infection-clostridium difficile, E-Eye infection- conjunctivitis
15
Q
NST
A
- 32-34 weeks
- EFM placed on abdomen for 20-30 min
- mother given a button to press each time she feels the baby moves
- each time the baby moves, FHR should accelerate 15 beats/min above the baseline for 15 seconds
16
Q
BPP (Biophysical profile)
A
- A comprehensive assessment of 5 variables: Fetal breathing, Fetal movements, Fetal tone, Amniotic Fluid volume index, reactive non stress test
- score of 8-10 points with normal fluid is desired
17
Q
Contraction Stress Test (CST)
A
-oxytocin challenge test
-evaluates the O2 and CO2 exchange within the fetoplacental units
-INITIATE CONTRACTIONS : IV Pitocin is administered or nipple stimulation procedure
-desired result: NEGATIVE. 3 contractions of moderate intensity in a 10 min. period without evidence of late decels
-positive result: repetitive, persistent late with 50% contractions
-TX: Expeditious delivery: via C-section
Lm
18
Q
Labor and delivery (intrapartum)
A
- First stage of labor: latent phase
- Primapara: last appr. 8 hrs.
- Multipara: 4 to 5 hours
19
Q
FHR
A
- baseline – 120-160 bpm
- tachycardia - 160
- During contractions – FHR may increase or decrease by 30 bpm. FHR should return to the baseline immediately after end of contractions
20
Q
Early Deceleration
A
- due to head compression
- no intervention needed
21
Q
Late deceleration
A
- sign of possible stressed neonate and possible hypoxia
- intervention: turn to side immediately
- O2
- Discontinue oxytocin in running
- notify physician
22
Q
Variable deceleration
A
- irregular pattern of FHR caused by Umbilical cord compression
- interventions: position woman to side
- O2
- call doctor
23
Q
Active Phase of Labor (First stage of labor)
A
- primipara: 4 hours
- multipara: 2 hours
- contractions more regular about 3 to 5 minutes apart lasting 45 seconds
- Effleurage light stroking movement massage
- Transitional phase< 10 to 15 minutes in length
24
Q
Second stage of Labor
A
- complete dilation through birth
- approx 30 to 50 min for primipara
- 20 min multipara
25
Third stage of labor
-placental separation and expulsion last 5-30 minutes
26
Triage
- Treated First. Life threatening injuries that are readily correctable
- Treated Last. No injuries, non critical, who are ambulatory, as well as individuals who are dying or are dead
27
Physical Exam Of Newborn
- temp 36.5 to 37.5 C (97.7 to 99.5 F) Auxiliary
- apical heart rate 110 to 160 bpm
- bp 50 to 75 mmhg
- respiratory 30 to 60 respirations per minute
- weight
- length, height, chest
- head to chest
28
Diverticulitis
- should increase intake of fresh fruits and veggies during remission
- pouches form in the colon gets inflamed and infected
- very painful. Left lower quadrant pain of abdomen relieved by passage of stool or flatus
- deficiency in fiber. Treatment laxatives (Metamucil)
- high fiber diets, avoid seeds – increase fluids
29
Treatment for Mania
-Lithium, Carbamazepine, chlorpromazine, Haldol, amitriptylire (Elavil), doxepin (sinequan), imipramine (tropranil)
30
Depression
- prozac, Zoloft, drug of choice. Treatment depression in elderly
- prozac better for children, takes 5 weeks for full effect
31
Treatment of alcohol dependency
-vitamin and nutritional therapy, increase thiamine (BI)
32
Hypercalcemia
- Hyperthyroidism, metastasis of cancer, pagel’s disease of bone, prolonged immobilization
- Findings: weakness, paralysis, decreased deep tendon reflexes
33
Hypermagnesmia
-Causes: chronic renal disease, overuse of magnesium containing antacid
34
Hypomagnesemia
- causes: malnutrition, toxemia in pregnancy, malabsorbtion, alcoholism. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- findings: mood irritability, cardiac irritability, muscle tingling, twitching, tenany, delinium, convolusion
35
Nurse intervention: Gastric place tubes
- keep bed @ least 30 degrees or semi-fowler’s position to prevent aspiration for 1.5-2 hours after feeding is infused
- recheck placement of tube after each feeding
- placement checks
- obtain xray
- aspirate gastric contents and check if pH is acidid
- injecting 10 ml air into NG is no longer accepted method
- prevent bacterial growth hang bag for less than 8 hours. Change tube every 24 hours
- rate should be administered @ rate no more than 300 ml/hr
- check gastric residual
- flush tube with 30 to 60 ml after of H2O feeing
- if residual is > thanb 50-100 ml ( hold feedings) until it reinsert residual into tube to prevent metabolic alkalosis
36
Mechanical aides
- crutches – keep tips of crutches 8 to 12 to side of feet
- adjust length to 3 to 4 finger width from axilla
- cane – adjust cane with handle @ level of greater trochanter. Elbow fixed @ 30 degree angle
- teach client to hold cane close to body and fold in hand on stronger side
- move cane @ same time as the weaker leg
37
Respiratory System
- COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
| - chronic irreversible airway obstruction by slowed exhaustion
38
Myasthenia Gravis
- auto immune disorder with fluctuating weakness of skeletal muscle
- cause antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction
- skeletal muscle weakness with pattern of fluctuation
- improve strength after rest
- involves facial muscles
- treatment pyridestigure (mestinon), corticosteroids
39
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease)
-progressive degenerative diffuse neurons stops sending messages to the muscle. Muscles srops functioning, muscular weakness, respiratory depression
40
Abruptio Placenta
- premature separation of the placenta from the uterus may present with bleeding, uterine contractions, fetal distress
- priority intervention: administer supplemental oxygen to increase the supply of oxygen to bith mother and baby which will help minimize complications of hypoxia
41
Opiod Analgesic side effects (Tylenol)
-respiratory depression, sedation, constriction
42
Cystic fibrosis
-is an inherited genetic condition affecting the cells that produce mucus, swer, saliva, digestive juices sticky mucus built up in the lungs
43
COPD
- Chronic Irreversible airway obstruction w/ slowed exhalation
- Cause: Environmental, smoking tobacco
- Findings: Cough, dyspnea on exertion, use of accessory muscles, barrel chest
- Low O2 sat levels w/ high hematocrit
- Treatment: Albuterol, Ipratropium, Prednisone, Guaifenesin
- Nurs Intervention: Diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lips, avoid temp and humidity extremes, high altitudes
44
Congentin
- treatment side effect of antipsychotic meds (Parkinson’s disease)
- glaucoma contraindicated for use of benxotropine. Myasthenia gravis, ulcrative colitis, bleeding problems
45
What should the nurse do 1st when a client’s cardiac monitor indicates v fib?
-assess for pressure of pulse! A true v fib no pulse will be present
