ncm 102 Flashcards
haha (55 cards)
What is learning?
A relatively permanent change in mental processing, emotional functioning, and behavior due to experience.
Define learning theory.
A coherent framework of integrated constructs and principles that describe, explain, or predict how people learn.
What are the contributions of learning theories?
- Provide information and techniques to guide teaching and learning
- Can be employed individually or in combination
- Can be applied in a variety of settings as well as for personal growth and interpersonal relations
What questions should be kept in mind regarding learning?
- How does learning occur?
- What kinds of experiences facilitate or hinder the process?
- What helps ensure that learning becomes permanent?
Who founded behaviorism?
John B. Watson.
What does the behaviorist approach claim about learning?
Learning can develop by means of establishing a connection between stimulus and behavior and that any behavior can be changed through reinforcement.
What is the focus of the behaviorist model?
A teacher-centered approach that focuses on the mastery of prerequisite steps before moving to subsequent steps.
What is the main goal of the behaviorist orientation?
Behavioral change in a desired direction.
What are the types of reinforcement in behaviorism?
- Positive reinforcement
- Negative reinforcement (escape or avoidance conditioning)
- Non-reinforcement
- Punishment
What are the implications of a behaviorist approach for nursing education?
- Useful for developing learning objectives
- Designing competency-based curricula
- Allowing students to know expected behavior, conditions, and evaluation criteria.
What should a behavioral objective include?
- The performance or behavior
- Conditions necessary for performance
- Criteria defining acceptable performance
Fill in the blank: The locus of learning in the cognitivist model is on the _______.
[individual learner and on his or her thought processes]
What does the cognitivist orientation facilitate?
The acquisition of knowledge and the development of learning skills that are applicable in other learning situations.
According to Boud and Walker, what are the three stages of the reflective process?
- Returning to and replaying the experience
- Attending to the feelings that the experience provokes
- Re-evaluating the experience
What is the role of the teacher in the cognitivist approach?
To facilitate cognitive processing by helping learners learn how to learn.
What are concepts according to the cognitivist approach?
Objects, events, situations, or properties that possess common criteria or attributes and are signified by some sign or symbol.
What is reflection on action?
Thinking through a situation after it has happened
Reflection on action helps in evaluating past experiences for future learning.
What is reflection in action?
Thinking about actions as they are performed
Reflection in action allows for immediate adjustments based on real-time observations.
What are concept maps?
Graphic devices that are useful for representing the relationships between multiple concepts
Concept maps help learners visualize and organize information.
What is the intent of using concept maps in learning?
To connect new concepts to what learners already know
This process enhances understanding and retention of new information.
List some uses of concept maps.
- Facilitate acquisition and recall of ideas and meanings about a topic
- Depict complex relationships among ideas
- Extract concepts from various sources
- Plan a paper or presentation
What environments are included in reflective thinking?
- Hospital wards
- Lecture halls
- Small group sessions
- Simulated environments with standardized or visual patients
What is an example of reflection in action during teaching?
A clinical instructor adjusts their approach when noticing student confusion during a lesson
This involves real-time assessment of teaching effectiveness.
