NCM 110 MIDTERMS Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
The study of algorithms for solving computation problems (Saba et al., 2015)
A
computer science
2
Q
The fundamental elements of cognition (Gudea, 2015).
A
data
3
Q
refers to a system designed to manage healthcare data which includes systems that collect, store, manage and transmit a patient’s electronic medical record (EMR); a hospital’s operational management or a system supporting healthcare policy decisions (Brook, 2020).
A
Health Information System (HIS)
4
Q
the use of information technology (IT) in healthcare.
A
informatics
5
Q
Refers to data that are processed using knowledge; data that are interpreted, organized or structured
A
information
6
Q
An interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination and use of information.
A
information science
7
Q
Information that has been synthesized so that relationship
A
knowledge
8
Q
The specialty that integrates nursing science with multiple information management and analytical sciences to identify, define, manage, and communicate data, information, knowledge, and wisdom in nursing practice (ANA, 2015).
A field of nursing that incorporates nursing, computer, and information sciences to maintain and develop medical data and systems to support the practice of nursing, and to improve patient care outcomes.
A
nursing informatics
9
Q
The development of theories and practical concepts for improving how clinicians and patients administer care and manage conditions. It merges the worlds of natural, applied, and human science into a multi-dimensional lens that explores new and better ways to deliver health services.
A
nursing science
10
Q
The appropriate and ethical use of knowledge to manage human problems (Saba et al., 2015)
A
wisdom
11
Q
M1L2: Focuses on the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage and retrieval of recorded knowledge.
It tries to understand problems from the perspective of the stakeholders and applies information and technology to solve problems.
A
information science
12
Q
M1L2: What are the 7 aspects of nursing informatics?
A
- Provision and documentation of patient care
- Education of health care providers
- Scientific research
- Administration of health care delivery services
- Reimbursement for patient care
- Legal and ethical implications
- Safety and quality issues
13
Q
M1L2: credited as one of the 1st statistician to collect data and use data to change the way care was delivered to the patient.
A
Florence Nightingale
14
Q
M1L2: approached IBM to explore use of computers in health care
A
Harriet Werley
15
Q
M1L3: developed by Patricia Schwirian in 1986
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Schwirian’s model
16
Q
M1L3: a model intended to stimulate and guide systematic research in nursing informatics.
A
Schwirian’s model
17
Q
M1L3: a model that provides a framework that enables identification of significant needs that can foster research.
A
Schwirian’s model
18
Q
M1L3: Who developed the foundation of knowledge model?
A
Dee McGonigle and Kathleen Garver Mastrian
19
Q
M1L3: A model that proposes that humans are organic information systems constantly acquiring, processing, and generating information or knowledge in both their professional and personal lives
A
Foundation of Knowledge Model
20
Q
M1L3: the 4 aspects of knowledge in the foundation of knowledge model?
A
KA – knowledge acquisition
KP – knowledge dissemination
KG – knowledge generation
KP – knowledge processing
21
Q
M1L3: Who developed Turley’s Model?
A
James Turley
22
Q
M1L3: In this model, nursing informatics is the intersection between the discipline-specific science (nursing) and the area of informatics.
A
Turley’s Model
23
Q
M1L3: what are the 3 core components of informatics according to Turley’s Model?
A
1.Cognitive science
2.Information science
3.Computer science
24
Q
M1L3: Who originally proposed Benner’s Level of Expertise Model?
A
Hubert Dreyfus
25
M1L3: Every nurse must be able to continuously exhibit the capability to acquire skills.
Benner's Level of Expertise Model
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M1L3: Refers to Individuals with no experience of situations and related content in those situations where they are expected to perform tasks.
Novice
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M1L3: Persons who demonstrates acceptable performance having built on lessons learned in their expanding experience base; needs supervision
Advanced Beginner
28
M1L3: Persons who exhibit enhanced mastery and the ability to cope with and manage many contingencies
Competent
29
M1L3:
Person who have undergone evolution through continuous practice of skills, combined with professional experience and knowledge
Appreciates standards of practice as they apply in nursing informatics.
Proficient
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M1L3: Individual with mastery of the concept and capacity to intuitively understand the situation and immediate target the problem with minimal effort or problem solving.
Expert
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M1L3: Nursing informatics as the linear progression - from data into information and knowledge
Graves and Corcoran's Model
32
M1L3: Who were the two persons to develop the G&C Model?
developed by Dr. Judith Graves and Dr. Sheila Corcoran in 1989
33
M1L3:
- relates to the properties of a system as a whole
- focuses on the organization and interdependence of relationships within a system
General System Theory
34
M1L3:
- focuses on the internal mental processes which includes insight, information processing, memory and perception.
- based on the idea that people mentally process information they received rather than simply responding to an external stimuli.
Cognitive Learning Theory
35
M1L3: It is illustrated through the practice of nursing grounded in the harmonious coexistence between technology and caring in nursing.
Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing
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M1L3: Technology brings the patient closer to the nurse. Conversely, technology can also increase the gap between the nurse and the one being nursed.
Theory of Technological Competency as Caring in Nursing
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M1L3: The DIKW Model originated from who?
T.S. Eliot
38
M1L3: Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom are considered overarching concepts (metastructures) supporting all of nursing and informatics practice
DIKW Framework/Model/Pyramid
39
M1L4: How many standards of practice for NI are there?
16 standards
40
M1L4: Provides framework for practice and set of competencies to serve as indicators or evidences to compliance to the standards.
Standards of Practice for Nursing Informatics
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M1L4: What are the 2 components of the Standards of Practice for Nursing Informatics
1) Standards of Practice for NI (6 standards)
2) Standards of Professional Performance for NI (10 standards)
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M1L4: The nurse informaticist (NI) collects comprehensive data and information relevant to the patient care. The NI uses workflow analysis to examine current practice and potential impact of an informatic solution on the workflow.
Assessment
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M1L4: The NI analyzes and validates the data collected during assessment to identify problems, diagnosis and opportunities for improvement.
Diagnosis, Problems and Issues Identification
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M1L4: The NI identifies expected outcomes (goals and objectives) for a plan. Documents outcomes as measurable goals.
Outcomes Identification
45
M1L4: The NI develops the plan in collaboration with other HCWs which will include strategies, alternatives and recommendation.
Planning
46
M1L4: The NI uses specific evidence-based actions and processes to resolve diagnosis, problems or issues. Coordination of activities, implementing informatic solutions and conducts consultation to monitor the implementation of the plan.
Implementation
47
M1L4: The NI evaluates progress towards achievement of outcomes and employs systematic evaluation of outcome.
Evaluation
48
M1L4: The NI observes and applies ethical principles in the practice of nursing.
Ethics
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M1L4: The NI addresses the need for education, attains knowledge and competence need for nursing practice.
Education
50
M1L4: The NI integrates evidence and research into practice and demonstrates application and integration of evidence -base and research into practice.
Evidence-based Practice and Research
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M1L4: The NI contributes to the quality and effectiveness of practice in nursing and informatics.
Quality of Practice
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M1L4: The NI communicates effectively by using a variety of methods.
Communication
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M1L4: The NI demonstrates leadership skills in professional practice which includes mentoring and problem solving.
Leadership
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M1L4: The Ni collaborates with the health consumer in the practice of nursing and nursing informatics.
Collaboration
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M1L4:
56
M1L4: The NI performs self-evaluation and is able to identify areas of strength and need improvement.
Professional Practice Evaluation
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M1L4: The NI uses appropriate resources in the practice of nursing. Facilitate modification of practice as the profession and technology evolve.
Resource Utilization
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M1L4: The NI supports nursing practice in a safe and healthy environment. Support healthy communities.
Environmental Health
59
M2L1:
- refers to the data related to a person’s medical history.
- These valuable data include patient's diagnoses, procedures or surgeries a patient has undergone, a physician’s clinical notes, or lab results recorded by a health technician.
Health Information
60
M2L1:
- defined as hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access or exchange of health information. (HITECH Act, 2009).
- the area of healthcare that oversees the technology systems healthcare providers use to manage patient data (Brooks, 2019).
- refers to the electronic systems health care providers and patients use to store, share and analyze information (ONC, n.d.)
Health Information Technology (HIT)
61
M2L1:
- sought to change the situation by providing each person in the United States with an Electronic Health Record (EHR)
- a nationwide HIT infrastructure be developed so that access to a person's EHR will be readily available to every healthcare provider who treats the patient
Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009
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M2L1: - incorporates the data that go into the systems; also analyzes and protects the data (AHIMGA)
Health Information Management (HIM)
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M2L1: What are the 4 basic functions of HM?
1) Health information management
2) Coding and revenue cycle management
3) Informatics
4) Information governance
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M2L1: HIM: encompasses coding and revenue cycle, informatics, data analytics, and information governance.
Health information management
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M2L1: HIM: includes assigning diagnostic and procedural codes for billing to managing the revenue flow from the patient registration to final discharge.
Coding and revenue cycle management
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M2L1: HIM: oversees the technology aspects of managing health information, whereas data analytics manages the integrity of data through mapping and quality improvement processes.
Informatics
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M2L1: HIM: focuses on HIM operations and compliance and ensures protection of protected health information (PHI)
Information governance
68
M2L1: What are the benefits of HIT?
1. Increased Patient Safety
2. Efficient Care Coordination
3. Enhanced Performance Analysis
4. Increased Patient Information Accessibility
5. Reduced Operational Costs
69
M2L1: HIT BENEFITS
- store, display and integrate patient information such as lab results, medical imaging which can be retrieved for reference
- perform program security checks that could alert medical personnel of adverse effects the patient might experience on a certain medication before it is prescribed
- promotes availability of information needed for decision-making
Increased Patient Safety
70
M2L1: HIT BENEFITS
- Information technology systems allow multiple medical professionals simultaneously involved in a patient’s care to record, disseminate, and share information system
- Allows health staff to document and share every facet of a patient’s treatment and data. which can result to a more seamless experience for caretaker and patient alike.
Efficient Care Coordination
71
M2L1: HIT BENEFITS
- Staff performance, patient care and stability, and institution efficiency could be tracked
- Compute staffing decisions based on individual skillsets
- Allow treatment decisions to be made proactively based on past performance data
- Patients could submit feedback anonymously regarding their level of care
- Accrediting bodies could utilize performance metrics to evaluate the institution
Enhanced Performance Analysis
72
M2L1: HIT BENEFITS
- Allow instant access to patient records to any member of the health team
- Provides access to patient files allowing patients to be more involved in their care.
- Patients appear to become more engaged in their care (Rozembaum and Bates 2013) through information available on the internet.
Increased Patient Information Accessibility
73
M2L1: HIT BENEFITS
- Allocate resources and save significant amounts of money, energy, time, and supplies
- Arrange medical personnel to best serve patients
- Allow better management of supplies
-Inventory can easily be done
Reduced Operational Costs
74
M2L1:
- created in 2004
- to collaborate with nursing stakeholders to create a vision, action, and strategies to improve nursing education, practice, and patient care delivery through the use of health information technology
- defined the competencies recommended for the NI discipline
Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform (TIGER) Initiative
75
M2L1: The three competencies of nursing informatics
1) basic computer skills
2) information literacy
3) information management
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M2L2: ROLES OF AN NI
- Serve as agent of change to move people out of their comfort zone
- Use shared governance and hold sponsors and stakeholders accountable
Lead Change
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M2L2: ROLES OF AN NI
- eliminate silos
- promote adherence to clinical and technical standards
Promote standardization
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M2L2: ROLES OF AN NI
Collaborate with other departments to realize full potential of records
Develop relationships and credibility
79
M2L2: ROLES OF AN NI
- Analyze data to optimize system use and patient outcomes
- Prepares new system functionality through workflow, policies, procedure, education
Implement and optimize
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M2L2: ROLES OF AN NI
Develop clinical system strategies with hospital leaders
Provide though leadership
81
M2L3: Health Information System
What are the 5 types of HIS
1. Subject and Task-based Health Information Systems
2. Strategic or Operational Health Information Systems
3. Clinical and Administrative Health information Systems
4. Financial and Clinical Health Information Systems
5. Decision Support Health Information Systems
82
M2L3: Health Information System
health information system is related to any patient or healthcare professionals organization
subject-based
83
M2L3: Health Information System
health information system is associated with particular tasks such as admissions/ discharge system or operating theatre.
task-based
84
M2L3: Health Information System
Allows the assessment of an organization regarding the spread of digitization in its information system
Permits the highlighting of inappropriate or uneven development in systems
Provide output information related to possible hospital requirements in the future by projecting the capacities of the hospital
Strategic or Operational Health Information Systems
85
M2L3: Health Information System
Provides information in the form of hospital episode statistics and its reports to the DOH.
It is designed to make provision for retrospective data entry (patient information is generally entered after their discharge) and to provide details for each care episode.
The information containing diagnosis data, outcomes, and processing can be classified as clinical.
Clinical and Administrative Health information Systems
86
M2L3: Health Information System
Allows easy access to patient costing and helps in monitoring a patient’s usage of different departments.
This is done by tagging the various deliverables (recorded in the clinical system management) with their associated prices.
It has the capacity of invoicing as well as following up any non-payment incident.
Financial and Clinical Health Information Systems
87
M2L3: Health Information System
Used to get the computer attempting to perform parts of the processing usually done by the user after converting the data into clinically relevant information
Presents the health information in a manner (flagging, sorting, classifying) beneficial to cognitive processing.
Facilitates the user’s decision making.
5. Decision Support Health Information Systems
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M2L3: Benefits of Health Information System
The healthcare industry constantly produces data and HIS help gather, compile and analyze health data to help manage population health and reduce healthcare costs.
The healthcare data analysis can improve patient care.
Data analytics
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M2L3: Benefits of Health Information System
Patients often need to treatments from different healthcare providers. HIS allow healthcare facilities to access common health records.
Collaborative care
90
M2L3: Benefits of Health Information System
Using digital networks to exchange healthcare data creates efficiencies and cost savings.
Cost control
91
M2L3: Benefits of Health Information System
HIS can aggregate patient data, analyze it and identify trends in populations.
The technology also works in reverse - clinical decision support systems can use big data to help diagnose individual patients and treat them.
Population Health Management
92
M3L1: IPLs
- the rights given to persons over the creations of their minds. They usually give the creator an exclusive right over the use of his/her creation for a certain period of time.
- deals with the rules for securing and enforcing legal rights to inventions, designs, and artistic works.
Intellectual Property Rights
93
M3L1: IPLs
RA 8293 is known as...
Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
94
M3L1: IPLs
Examples of IPR consist of:
1) Copyright and Related Rights
2) Trademarks and Service Marks
3) Geographic Indications
4) Industrial Designs
5) Patents
6) Layout-Designs (Topographies) of 7) Integrated Circuits
8) Protection of Undisclosed
9) Information
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M3L1: IPLs
cover protected logos, business or product names, slogans, jingles, and other elements of a brand that make it identifiable.
Trademarks
96
M3L1: IPLs
is a piece of confidential information, whether that be a manufacturing process, supplier list, or anything else that benefits a business by remaining a secret.
Companies must enact their own confidentiality agreements and make it apparent that a secret should remain to have a shot at litigating against trade secret misappropriation.
Trade Secrets
97
M3L1: IPLs
exist to protect original creative work, including art, music, literature, and the like.
This type of artistic, intellectual property is not very common or important in the healthcare sector
Copyrights
98
M3L1: IPLs
give inventors the right to use their product in the marketplace, or to profit by transferring that right to someone else.
Health Care Patents
99
M3L1: IPLs
These are statements of the professional values and beliefs which are based on ethical principles.
Code of Ethics
100
M3L1: IPLs
Fill in the Principle
1) Self Rule/Determination
2) Doing what is best for the individual
3) Doing no harm
4) Truth Telling
5) Honesty
6) Making decisions on behalf of others
7) Being fair
8) Appreciation for human dignity
1) Autonomy
2) Beneficence
3) Nonmaleficence
4) Veracity
5) Fidelity
6) Paternalism
7) Justice
8) Respect for Others
101
M3L2: HIPAA
A federal law that applies to healthcare providers, health plans, and healthcare clearinghouses that conduct transactions electronically .
HIPAA
102
M3L2: HIPAA
Who and in what year was HIPPA enacted?
Pres. Bill Clinton in 1996
103
M3L2: HIPAA
What are the 4 aspects of HIPAA?
1) Privacy of Health Information
2) Security of health data
3) Notification of breaches of medical records
4) Right to obtain copies of healthcare data
104
M3L2: HIPAA
What are the list of information identifiers for HI?
1. name;
2. address (anything smaller than a state);
3. dates (except years) related to an individual -- birthdate, admission date, etc.;
4. phone number;
5. fax number;
6. email address;
7. Social Security number;
8. medical record number;
9. health plan beneficiary number;
10. account number;
11. certificate or license number;
12. vehicle identifiers, such as serial numbers, license plate numbers;
13. device identifiers and serial numbers;
14. web URL;
15. Internet Protocol (IP) address;
16. biometric IDs, such as a fingerprint or voice print;
17. full-face photographs and other photos of identifying characteristics; and
18. any other unique identifying characteristic.
105
M3L2: HIPAA
How many days does HIPAA require healthcare organizations and their business associates to issue notifications?
60 days
106
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT
What RA is the Data Privacy Act?
RA 10173
107
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: KEY ROLES
Refers to an individual whose, sensitive personal, or privileged information is processed personal
Data Subjects
108
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: KEY ROLES
Controls the processing of personal data, or instructs another to process personal data on its behalf.
Personal Information Controller (PIC)
109
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: KEY ROLES
Organization or individual whom a personal information controller may outsource or instruct the processing of personal data pertaining to a data subject
Personal Information Processor (PIP)
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M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: KEY ROLES
Responsible for the overall management of compliance to DPA
Data Protection Officer (DPO)
111
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: KEY ROLES
Independent body mandated to administer and implement the DPA of 2012, and to monitor and ensure compliance of the country with international standards set for personal data protection
National Privacy Commission
112
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: TYPES OF BREACHES
Due to loss, accidental or unlawful destruction of personal data
Availability Breach
113
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: TYPES OF BREACHES
Due to the unauthorized disclosure of, or access to, personal data
Confidentiality Breach
114
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: TYPES OF BREACHES
Due to alteration of personal data
Integrity Breach
115
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: TYPES OF BREACHES
Unauthorized processing, processing for unauthorized purposes, violation of privacy rights
Unlawful Processing/Violation of Privacy
116
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT
- a commission created by this act which is mandated to administer and implement this law
NATIONAL PRIVACY COMMISSION
117
M3L3: DATA PRIVACY ACT: RIGHTS
What are the rights of the data subject?
Right to be informed
Right to object
Right to access
Right to data portability
Right to correct (rectification)
Right to file a complaint
Right to damages
Right to erasure or blocking
Transmissibility of Rights
