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NCM 119 RLE > NCM 118 > Flashcards

NCM 118 Flashcards

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1
Q

Condition that may result to patient mortality if left unattended in a brief period of time

A

Critical and life threatening conditions

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2
Q

Condition that warrants immediate attention for the reversal of disease process and prevention of further morbidity and mortality

A

Critical and life threatening conditions

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3
Q

Top 10 Mortality cases

A

Heart disease
Disease of vascular system
Malignant pneumonia
Accidents
Tuberculosis
Chronic Respiratory diseases
DM
Nephritis, Nephrotic syndrome
Perinatal period

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4
Q

Common illnesses which may require treatment in ICU

A

Heart disease
Vascular disease
Renal disease

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5
Q

What disease is the aggravating factor

A

DM

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6
Q

Complication of diseases

A

Pneumonia

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7
Q

Most common cause of CardioVascular disability and death

A

Coronary Heart disease

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8
Q

Disease wherein a waxy substance builds up in coronary arteries

A

CHD

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9
Q

Accumulated plaques

A

Atherosclerosis

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10
Q

Pain which occurs and stable or unstable

A

Angina

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11
Q

Modifiable risk factors of CHD

A

Stress
Diet
Exercise
Cigarette smoking
Alcohol
HTN
Hyperlipidemia
DM
Obesity
Contraceptive pills
Personality type or behavioral factors

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12
Q

Information provided by patients or their family members

A

Subjective data

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13
Q

Confirms objective data

A

Subjective data

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14
Q

Is an ischemia

A

MI

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15
Q

Lack of blood supply due to occlusion of coronary artery and its branches

A

MI

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16
Q

Most cases are due to (90%)

A

Atherosclerosis

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17
Q

During a heart attack, where does it radiate

A

Left jaw, left arm, left shoulder

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18
Q

PQRST

A

Provoke
Quality
Radiation
Severity ( Pain scale)
Timing

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19
Q

Affects the elderly

A

Silent MI

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20
Q

Difference of more than 10 mmhg in both arms indicates

A

Thoracic Outlet syndrome

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21
Q

Difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Normally it is 40 mmhg

A

Pulse Pressure

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22
Q

Subjective feelings of inability to get enough air

A

Dyspnea

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23
Q

Caused by disruption of the blood supply to the brain, causing neurologic deficit

A

CVA

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24
Q

Common cause of CVA

A

Thrombosis, embolism, cerebral hemorrhage

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25
Transient ischemia with temporary episode of neurologic dysfunction
Transient Ischemic Attack
26
Other terms of CVA
Stroke Cerebrovascular disease Cerebral infraction Apoplexy
27
Most common cause of stroke, blood clot within blood vessels
Thrombosis
28
2nd most common cause of stroke, blood vessel is suddenly occluded with blood, air, tumor, or septic particulate. migrates to cerebral arteries and obstructs circulation causing edema and necrosis
Embolism
29
Sudden result of ruptured aneurysm, tumors, or involved HTN or bleeding
Hemorrhage
30
Amount of blood received by brain per minute
750 mL
31
Blood supply comes from what?
Major arteries
32
Blood Brain Barrier System passes
Glucose Breathing gases Amino acids Mood changers
33
Blood brain barrier system blocks
Highly charged materials Heavy molecules Not lipid soluble materials
34
Warning of an impending stroke
TIA early signal
35
Increased ICP symptoms
Cushings Triad Increased BP Decreased pulse and RR
36
Symptoms of shock
Decreased BP Increased Pulse and RR
37
12 Cranial nerves mnemonic
Only One Of The Two Athletes Felt A Very Good Victorious And Healthy Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Acoustic Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal accessory Hypoglossal
38
Alert - 3 C's
Conscious, coherent, cognitive
39
Must be awaken to get the best response
Lethargic/Drowsy
40
+ response to painful stimuli
Stuporous
41
- response to painful stimuli
Comatose
42
Function : smell
CN I - Olfactory
43
LOC assess for?
Orientation, disorientation, confusion, behavioral abnormalities
44
Function: Vision
CN II - Optic
45
Function: Pupil constriction, elevation of the upper eyelid
CN III - Occulomotor
46
Function: Hearing
CN IV - Trochlear
47
Function: Controls muscles of mastication, sensation of the entire face
CN V - Trigeminal
48
Function: Eye movement controls lateral rectus muscle
CN VI - Abducens
49
Function: Muscle for facial expression
CN VII - Facial
50
Function: Cochlear branch permits hearing
CN VIII - Acoustic
51
GCS consists of
Eye opening response 1-4 Verbal response 1-5 Motor response 1-6
52
Eye opening response 1-4
1. No response 2. To pain 3. To speech 4. Spontaneously
53
Verbal response 1-5
1. No response 2. Incomprehensible sounds 3. Inappropriate words 4. Confused 5. Oriented to time, person and place
54
Motor response 1-6
1. No response 2. Abnormal extension 3. Abnormal flexion 4. Flex to withdraw from pain 5. Moves to localised pain 6. Obeys command
55
Limitations of GCS
Intubated patients Drug abuse Alcohol intoxication Spinal cord injury Severe orbital trauma Not applicable to 36 months and below
56
Quick neuro exam
S-ensorium P-upils E-xtraocular movement R-espiration and reflex M-ovement/motor
57
Test for CN I
Place stimuli under one nostril and occluding the opposing nostril
58
Test for CN II
Visual filed - ask patient to cover one eye while examiner tests the opposite eye Pupillary light reflex - patient sates into the distance, examiner shines penlight obliquely into each pupil
59
Test for CN III, IV, VI
Extra ocular movement - PERRLA
60
PERRLA
Pupils equal, round and reactive to light, and accomodation
61
Test for CN V
Corneal reflex and Primary - light touch, pin prick, temp, vibration
62
Test for CN VII
Facial asymmetry and involuntary movements
63
Test for CN VIII
Hearing- whisper numbers in one are as patient covers the other, repeat the numbers
64
Test for CN IX and CN X
Gag response - Use tongue depressor Ask patient to swallow
65
Test for CN XI
Shrug shoulders , turn head from side to side
66
Test for CN XII
Stick tongue and move it to one side
67
Normal pupilary size - Dilated?
2 - 4, 4-8
68
Regular alternating periods of hyperapnea and apnea
Cheyne-stokes
69
Pause at full inspiration, sometimes pause at expiration
Apneustic
70
Patient ask to half arm straight out in front with palms up for 20-30 seconds, tendency to drift downwards and pronating palm
Drift test
71
Weakness of the half side of the body
Hemiparesis
72
Paralysis of the half side of the body
Hemiplegia
73
Major pathological deep tendon reflex, presence of this reflex is a sign of UPPER MOTOR NEURON LESION
Babinski reflex
74
Widening pulse pressure, Bradycardia
Cushing triad
75
Superficial reflexes
Bulbocavernosus, abdominal, cremastericc
76
General term that refers to a sudden malfunction in the brain that causes someone to collapse
Seizure
77
Seizure are divided into 2 categories
Generalized and Partial (Local or focal)
78
Types of seizure
Grand Mal or Generalized tonic-clonic Absence Myoclonic Clonic Tonic Atonic
79
Medications for seizure as prescribed
Anticonvulsants Barbiturates Benzodiazipines Valporate
80
Temporary loss of consciousness and posture, described as fainting or passing out
Syncope
81
Implies that there is sensation of motion either of a person or environemnt
Vertigo
82
Management and prevention of ICP
Prevent Hypercapnea and hypoxia Limit flui intake as ordered No valsalva maneuver CBR Control fever and avoid noise
83
Treatment ICP
Restriction of fluids and administration of diuretics Steroids (Dexamethasone) to reduce inflammation Osmotic diuretics (Mannitol/Osmitrol) to reduce brain swelling Barbiturates (Phenobarbital) to combat seizures Withdraw CSF via lumbar tap Surgical removal of skull or bone flap
84
Diagnostics
CT scan MRI EEG Lumbar tap Electromyography
85
EEG takes about
1 hour
86
Diagnostic procedure to visualize occlusion
Cerebral angiography
87
Anti platelet drugs
Aspirin Dipyrimadole (Persantine) Clopidriogel (Plavix) for those who cannot tolerate aspirin Warfarin (Coumadin) if the clots are cardiac in origin
88
Anti HTN medication
Mannitol Corticosteriod (Dexamethasone) to decrease cerebral edema Barbiturates
89
Anticonvulsants
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
90
Surgical removal of plaque in the obstructed artery to increase blood supply to the brain
Carotid Endarterectomy
91
Opening of the skull
Craniotomy
92
Excision of a portion of the skull
Craniectomy
93
Repair of a cranial defect using a plastic or metal plate
Cranioplasty
94
Circular openings for exploration or diagnosis
Burr holes
95
Neurological procedure in which a part of the skull is removed to allow swelling of the brain
Decompressive craniectomy
96

NCM 119 RLE (3 decks)

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