NCM114 LEC Flashcards by Erin Vega Gaviola

-Concerned primarily with the changes that occur between
maturity and death and with the factors that influence these
changes.
-the study of aging and/or the aged.
-actual study of the
aging process.

GERONTOLOGY

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-geriatrics focuses on the care
of aging people
-relates to the medical care of the aged.

GERIATRICS

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works to promote health in the older adults
while preventing and treating diseases prone to them.

geriatrician or geriatric physician and
gerontology nurse

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-Discipline of nursing and scope of nursing practice.
-Involves nurses advocating for the health of older
adults at all levels of prevention.

GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING

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-Nurse who has specialization in geriatrics or in the care of old people

geriatric nurse or
gerontological nurse.

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-Work with healthy elderly persons in their
communities, acutely ill elders requiring
hospitalization and treatment, and chronically ill or disabled elders in long-term facilities, skilled care,
home care, and hospice.
-from the time of “old age” until death.

GERONTOLOGICAL NURSE:

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-Related to the disease process of old age
-aims at keeping old persons at a state of self-dependence as far as possible and to provide facilities to improve their quality of life

GERIATRIC CARE:

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process of growing old or developing the
appearance and characteristics of old age.

AGING PROCESS

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-defined as time related deterioration of the physiological functions necessary for survival and fertility.
-process of growing old
-expresses the continuous pressure
-normal process of time related
-graduate and spontaneous changes that occurs in maturation from infant to young adult

AGING or AGEING

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classification of aging

-objectively
-subjectively
-functionally

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universal process that
begins at birth and is specified by the chronological
age criterion.

Objectively

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marked by changes in
behavior and self-perception and reactions to
biologic changes.

Subjectively

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refers to the capabilities of
individual to function in society.

Functionally

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Young old age

60 to 74

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Old age

75 to 84

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Old-old age

85 - 100

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Centenarians

Over 100

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Physical changes that “slow us down” as human
get into middle and older years.

BIOLOGIC AGING:

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including mental
functioning and personality, that occur as human
age.

PSYCHOLOGIC AGING:

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Changes in a person’s roles and relationships, both
within their networks of relatives and friends and in
formal organizations such as the workplace and
houses of worship.

SOCIAL AGING:

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-Decline in cognitive processing that occurs as
people get older.
-Age-related impairments in reasoning memory and
processing speed can arise during adulthood and
progress into the older years.

COGNITIVE AGING:

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viewed life with three-pronged course

SR. LETY KUAN

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3 COMPONENTS OF LIFE COURSE:

-Acquisition
-Struggles
-Legacy

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-affects one’s capability to face challenges and struggles in life
-very crucial

Acquisition

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test on one’s acquisition and his capability to cope and strengthen his/her acquisition

Struggles

stage when the person achieved SELF-ACTUALIZATION and made a big contribution to the society.

Legacy

period from birth to death, including a sequence of predictable life events such as physical maturation

life course

love to play and learn, looking forward to becoming preteens.

Children

begin to test their independence, they are eager to become teenagers.

Preteens

anticipate the promises and challenges of adulthood.

Teenagers

become focused on creating families, building careers, and experiencing the world as independent people.

Adults

look forward to wonderful time to enjoy life without as much pressure from work and family life.

old age

dependent on caregivers for everything.

newborns

Who notes "aging is a lifelong process and entails maturation and change on physical, psychological, and social levels. "

Riley (1978)

REASONS FOR INCREASE IN ELDERLY POPULATION

1.Declining fertility 2. Increasing life expectancy of the elderly

CHANGES IN LIFE EXPECTANCY WAS DUE TO

-Improved SANITATION -Advances in MEDICAL CARE -Implementation of PREVENTIVE HEALTH MEASURES

As people grow older, they become less self-sufficient in terms of taking care of their own finances, health, and general day-to-day needs and obligations.

IMPACT OF AGING MEMBERS IN THE FAMILY

Caring for aging parents often means extra costs related to home health care, medical expenses not covered by insurance and extra insurance premiums for services such as long-term care.

FINANCIAL EFFECTS

When you live with your aging parents or assume a high amount of daily care for them, you experience a change in your family roles.

STRUCTURAL EFFECTS

Prioritizing parents' care can ease their pain and worry, but might impact your health.

PHYSICAL EFFECTS

process by which a cell lows its ability to grow, divide and function

SENESCENSE

number of years a person is expected to live; based on an estimate average age that a member of a population when they die

LIFE EXPECTANCY

Some Factors Influencing Your Life Expectancy

Heredity Disease processes Medical treatment Lifestyle choices Nutrition

explain the thought processes and behaviors of aging persons.

PSYCHO-SOCIAL THEORIES

address the anatomic and physiologic changes occurring with age.

Biological Theories

-changing roles, relationships, status, and generational cohort impact the older adult’s ability to adapt - relate to the environment influences that contribute and affect aging people

Sociological Theories

remaining occupied and involved is necessary to a satisfying late-life

Activity

gradual withdrawal from society and relationships serves to maintain social equilibrium and promote internal reflection

Disengagement

elderly prefer to segregate from society in a subculture sharing loss of status and societal negativity regarding the age

Subculture

personality influences roles and life satisfaction and remains consistent throughout life.

Continuity

basis of acquiring resources, roles, status, and difference from others

Age Stratification

function is affected by ego, strength, mobility, health, cognition, sensoryperception, and the environment

Person-Environment Fit

transformation from a materialistic rational perspective towards oneness with the universe

Gerotranscendence

explains aging in terms of mental processes, emotions, attitudes, motivation and personality development that is characterized by life stage transitions

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES

-physiological, safety, love/belongingness, self-esteem, self- actualization - failure to grow lead to feeling of failure, life is meaningless

Human Needs

- traits of individualistic cultures: uniqueness, independence, self-sufficiency, and autonomy - adults search for life meaning - adapt to functional and social losses

Individualism

Stages of Personality Development

Integrity vs Despair

characterized by evaluation life accomplishments; struggles include letting go, accepting care, detachment, and physical and mental decline

Integrity vs Despair

based on random events that cause cellular damage that accumulates as the organism ages

Stochastic Theories

cause the cell damage. thus, causing aging

Free Radical Theory

the human body is subject to degration due to the external environment

Wear and Tear Theory

with aging, proteins impede metabolic processes and cause trouble with getting nutrients to cells and removing cellular waste products

Connective Tissue/Cross-link Theory

based on genetically programmed events that cause cellular damage that accelerates aging of the organism

Nonstochastic Theories

cells divide until they are no longer able to, and this triggers apoptosis or cell death.

Programmed Theory

cells have a genetically programmed aging code

Gene/Biological Clock Theory

problems with the hypothalamus, pituitary endocrine gland feedback system cause disease; increased insulin growth factor accelerates aging

Neuroendocrine Theory

aging is due to faulty immunological function, which is linked to general well-being.

Immunological Theory

Two categories of theory

-non-programmed aging theories -programmed ageing theories

based on evolutionary concepts

non-programmed aging theories

-consider ageing to ultimately be the result of a biological mechanism

programmed ageing theories

-considers ageing to be the result of a sequential switching on and off of certain genes

Programmed Longevity

where biological clocks act through hormones to control the pace of ageing.

Endocrine Theory

states that the immune system is programmed to decline over time

Immunological Theory,

Refers to an inevitable process in which many of the relationships between a person and other members of society are severed & those remaining are altered in quality.

Disengagement Theory

another theory that describes the psychosocial ageing process.

Activity Theory

system is a complicated network of biochemicals that govern the release of hormones which are altered by the walnut sized gland called the hypothalamus located in the brain.

Neuroendocrine Theory

describes any molecule that has a free electron, and this property makes it react with healthy molecules in a destructive way

Free Radical Theory

mitochondria are the power producing organelles found in every cell of every organ

Decline Theory

age-related changes of the cell's ability to transfer chemicals, heat and electrical processes that impair it.

Membrane Theory of Aging

also referred to as the Glycosylation Theory of Aging. In this theory it is the binding of glucose (simple sugars) to protein, (a process that occurs under the presence of oxygen) that causes various problems.

Cross-Linking Theory

NCM114 LEC Flashcards

(80 cards)