NCMA (midterm Flashcards
babies born before 37 weeks of gestation.
Premature infant
it covers the entire back and face, soles few creases, scrotum
little rugae
Lanugo
- a baby delivered after 42 weeks of gestation.
- abundant scalp hair. Visible creases on palms and soles of feet.
Minimal fat deposits - Absence of lanugo
Postmature infant
Infant whose rate of intrauterine growth was slowed and whose birth weight
falls below the 10th percentile on the intrauterine growth chart.
Small for Gestational Age Infants
Causes of IUGR
- Poor nutrition during pregnancy
- Placental defects and complications
- Teenage pregnancies
- Hypertensive mother
how to prevent the IUGR
- Priority nursing care in the first few days of life
- Initiation and maintenance of respirations
- Maintenance of hydration and normal glucose - glucose IVF, thermoregulation,
correct IVF rate, breastfeeding every 3-4 hours - monitor glucose level every 4 hours
- Control of body temperature
- For newborns under radiant warmers – monitor vital signs, keep the newborn
hydrated, assess integrity of the skin. - Maintaining neutral thermal environment permits the neonate to maintain a
normal core temperature with minimal oxygen consumption.
IUGR and SGA newborn
(causes)
- Age – under 18 or over 35 years of age
- Poor nutrition during pregnancy
- Placental defects – perinatal hypoxia
- Maternal condition – HPN, anemia, DM
Definition of Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)
refers to a condition of surfactant deficiency and physiologic
immaturity of the thorax.
Diagnostic exam in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)
X-ray, blood glucose, ABG, Fetal lung maturity
assay ( the fastest)
Diagnostic findings in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)
radiographic findings – diffuse granular pattern
like broken glass appearance on chest x-ray, hypoxemia, increased
carbon dioxide and respiratory acidosis on ABG.
Medications in Respiratory Distress Syndrome (Hyaline
Membrane Disease)
artificial surfactant, nitric oxide ( it will dilate
pulmonary bronchus)
Clinical Manifestations of RDS
- Tachypnea 60>
- Flaring nares
- Expiratory grunting,
dyspnea - Chest Retractions –
sternal and subcostal - Seesaw respirations
When does Meconium Aspiration Syndrome occur in newborns?
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome occurs when there is the aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium into the fetal or newborn trachea either in utero or at the first breath.
What is the primary time frame for the occurrence of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in infants?
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome primarily occurs in full-term and post-term infants during the relaxation of the anal sphincter and the passage of meconium into the amniotic fluid, often due to intrauterine stress.
assessment in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
widened anteroposterior diameter of the chest (barrelchest), greenish stains on the skin, umbilical cord and nails
What is the priority nursing care for a newborn diagnosed with Meconium Aspiration Syndrome?
assist in tracheal suctioning
Nursing care in Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
- Suctioning – oropharyngeal and tracheal
- O2 support (Severe: Extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation) - Exogenous surfactant administration
- IV fluid administration
- Administer systemic antibiotics as
prescribed - Ampicillin
- Gentamycin
- Amikacin
In Sepsis it occurs less than 3 days after birth
- Caused by maternal infection
Early onset
it - occurs on the 4th up to 7th days after birth
- Nosocomial infection
Late onset
Clinical Manifestation in Sepsis
- Pallor, cyanosis, or
mottling - Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Irregular respirations
- Jaundice
- Dehydration
- Temperature instability
Laboratory and Diagnostic studies in Sepsis
- Blood culture
- Urine and blood culture
and CSF analysis - CBC – WBC increased
- ESR and C-reactive
protein - increased
refers to an excessive level of accumulated bilirubin in the blood and
is characterized by jaundice.
Hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice in the first 24 hours of life
Pathologic jaundice
