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NCS Prep > NCS Statistical Analysis > Flashcards

NCS Statistical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what are common incorrect assumptions in statistics

A

you can use popular comparison tests aka t tests
groups are equal at baseline
groups are normally distributed

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of data

A

nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

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3
Q

male or female is an example of what kind of data

A

nominal data

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4
Q

why is nominal data not great for clinical research

A

it is less sensitive and more difficult to demonstrate significant change

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5
Q

pain NRS or MMT grades are examples of what kind of data

A

ordinal data

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6
Q

mile markers or temperature in C or F are examples of what kind of data

A

interval data

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7
Q

weight, temperature in K, 0-100% scoring on a test are examples of what kind of data

A

ratio data

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8
Q

what type of data is the easiest and most sensitive

A

ratio

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9
Q

Bob collects data for his study, this is an example of what kind of data

A

primary data

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10
Q

Bob collects data for his study. A few years later, he then uses that same data for another study. this is an example of what kind of data

A

secondary data

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11
Q

Bob is looking to find out if there is a trend between patient admissions and adequate staffing in the ED over the past 5 years using EMR. This is an example of what kind of data

A

secondary data

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12
Q

what is continuous data

A

ratio or interval data

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13
Q

what is categorical data

A

ordinal or nominal data

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14
Q

what are the parametric assumptions

A

observations are independent
the data is normally distributed
variance is the same within groups
can only be used for ratio or interval data

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15
Q

true or false: it is easy to demonstrate meaningful effect sizes in nonparametric data

A

false - it is easier in parametric data

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16
Q

Tyler falls into the 75th percentile of students in his cohort. this is an example of parametric or nonparametric data

A

nonparametric (ranks/proportions)

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17
Q

according to central limit theorem, a sample distribution becomes more normal or abnormal as the sample size increases?

A

abnormal

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18
Q

according to central limit theorem, at what sample size/n can you not assume normal distribution

A

n > 30

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19
Q

you are looking to determine if there is a significant difference between data sets, what tests can yo u use

A

kolmogrov-smirnov or shapiro-wilks

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20
Q

Bob is conducting a study for a new intervention. His new intervention demonstrates clinical improvement but he does not recruit enough participants to reject his hypothesis that it is better than the standard of care. This is an example of what kind of error

A

type 1 error

21
Q

Bob is conducting a study for a new intervention. His new intervention is not better than the standard of care but in his analysis he chose the wrong test and it produced a statistically significant finding. This is an example of what kind of error

A

type 2 error

22
Q

Bob is analyzing nonparametric data using a test of proportions. what test should he use?

A

Chi squared

23
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group and control group that was not matched, what should he use if the data is normally distributed

A

parametric t test

24
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group and control group that was not matched, what should he use if the data is not normally distributed

A

nonparametric mann whitney u test

25
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group and control group that was matched, what should he use if the data is normally distributed

A

parametric paired T test

26
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group and control group that was matched, what should he use if the data is not normally distributed

A

non parametric wlcoxon test

27
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group, a standard of care group, and placebo control group, what should he use if the data is normally distributed

A

parametric 1 way ANOVA

28
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for an intervention group, a standard of care group, and placebo control group, what should he use if the data is not normally distributed

A

nonparametric kruskal wallis test

29
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for matched intervention group, standard of care group, and placebo control group in which there was a experimental period, a wash out period, and a second experimental period, what should he use if the data is normally distributed

A

parametric repeated measures ANOVA

30
Q

Bob is analyzing outcomes for matched intervention group, standard of care group, and placebo control group in which there was a experimental period, a wash out period, and a second experimental period, what should he use if the data is not normally distributed

A

non parametric freidmans test

31
Q

you are looking to find if there is an association between exercise time and age, what type of regression analysis will you do

A

linear regression

32
Q

you are looking to find if there is an association between age, geographic location, and meeting physical activity guidelines, what type of regression analysis will you do

A

logistic regression

33
Q

the odds ratio between smoking and hypertension is 3.5. which of the following are true:
a. smokers are 3.5x more likely to develop hypertension over non smokers
b. smokers are 250% increased odds of developing hypertension over non smokers
c. smokers are 2.5x more likely to develop hypertension over non smokers
d. a and b
e. b and c

A

d. a and b

34
Q

the odds ratio between exercising and obesity is -0.75. which of the following are true:
a. exercisers are 0.75x less likely to develop obesity than non exercisers
b. exercisers are 1.33x more likely to not develop obesity than non exercisers
c. exercisers are 0.25x less likely to develop obesity than non exercisers
d. a and b
e. b and c

A

d. a and b

35
Q

Bob is analyzing data from a control and experimental group to determine associations, assuming the data is normally distributed what type of test should he use

A

parametric pearson product

36
Q

Bob is analyzing data from a control and experimental group to determine associations, assuming the data is not normally distributed what type of test should he use

A

nonparametric kendall tau

37
Q

Bob is analyzing data from a waitlist, standard of care, and experimental group to determine associations, assuming the data is normally distributed what type of test should he use

A

parametric pearson product

38
Q

Bob is analyzing data from a waitlist, standard of care, and experimental group to determine associations, assuming the data is not normally distributed what type of test should he use

A

non parametric kendall tau

39
Q

Bob is analyzing the outcomes/associations of therapeutic exercise on neck pain vs waitlist control. assuming the data is normally distributed, what test should he use

A

parametric linear regression

40
Q

Bob is analyzing the outcomes/associations of steriods, modalities, and therapeutic exercise on neck pain. assuming the data is not normally distributed, what test should he use

A

nonparametric logistic regression

41
Q

Bob is analyzing the outcomes/associations of steriods, modalities, and therapeutic exercise on neck pain and NDI score. assuming the data is not normally distributed, what test should he use

A

discriminate analysis

42
Q

Bob is researching different interventions for his patient. What statistic should Bob look at to determine if a particular intervention will be clinically meaningful to his patient?
a. p value of <0.05
b. p value of <0.001
c. effect size

A

c. effect size

43
Q

Bob is researching different interventions for his patient. In reading an article about a particular intervention, Bob sees that the confidence interval crosses zero. how should bob interpret this

A

there is no difference between groups so the intervention may not be effective

44
Q

Bob is researching different interventions for his patient. In reading an article about a particular intervention, Bob sees that the confidence interval is very wide. how should bob interpret this
a. this intervention is helpful and precise
b. this intervention is helpful but not precise
c. this intervention will not differ from the control

A

b. this intervention is helpful but not precise

45
Q

Bob is researching different interventions for his patient. In reading an article about a particular intervention, Bob sees that the confidence interval is very narrow. how should bob interpret this
a. this intervention is helpful and precise
b. this intervention is helpful but not precise
c. this intervention will not differ from the control

A

a. this intervention is helpful and precise

46
Q

the AIMS is an example of an outcome measures that uses what kind of data
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

A

a. nominal

47
Q

the FIM is an example of an outcome measures that uses what kind of data
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

A

b. ordinal

48
Q

the Stroke impact scale is an example of an outcome measures that uses what kind of data
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

A

c. interval

49
Q

distance on the 6MWT is an example of an outcome measures that uses what kind of data
a. nominal
b. ordinal
c. interval
d. ratio

A

d. ratio

NCS Prep (26 decks)

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