NCTRC Exam Practice

Question 1

According to Maslow, the highest level on the hierarchy of needs which people strive to achieve is?
a. Safety
b. Love and belonging
c. Esteem
d. Self-actualization

Answer 1

Self-actualization

Question 2

Among the following, who would be most likely to attribute human behavior to a process of learning through exposure to environmental stimuli and the environmental results of one’s responses?
a. B. F. Skinner
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Howard Gardner
d. Abraham Maslow

Answer 2

B.F. Skinner

Question 3

One’s belief in their competence to achieve a goal was specifically defined as ______ by ______.
a. Actualizing tendency; Carl Rogers
b. Self-efficacy; Albert Bandura
c. Self-actualization; Abraham Maslow
d. Industry; Erik Erikson

Answer 3

Self-efficacy; Albert Bandura

Question 4

Whose work has most contributed to the person-centered care model of health and human services?
a. Lev Vygotsky
b. Erik Erikson
c. Carl Rogers
d. Kraus & Shank

Answer 4

Carl Rogers

Question 5

The International Classification of Functioning (ICF) classifies
a. Health, not disability
b. Health and disability
c. Disability, not health
d. Disability and functioing

Answer 5

Health and Disability

Question 6

Among four levels of cultural competency in RTs, which one is considered the highest?
a. Unconsciously competent
b. Consciously incompetent
c. Unconsciously incompetent
d. Consciously competent

Answer 6

Unconsciously Competent

Question 7

If a patient shows cognitive difficulties with comprehension, following directions, remembering, reading, writing, and executive function, which statement is most accurate about a diagnosis?
a. Neuropsychological testing is necessary for differential diagnosis
b. These symptoms are all clearly related to an intellectual disability
c. Some aphasia or other language disorder is the most likely cause
d. Thes symptoms described are typically associated with dementia

Answer 7

Neuropsychological testing is necessary for differential diagnosis

Question 8

The diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) refers to which of these?
a. Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors
b. Obsessive behaviors and compulsive thoughts
c. Obsessive rituals caused by compulsive fixations
d. Obsessive and compulsive thought and behavior

Answer 8

Obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviors

Question 9

Which of the following is a common sign of drug abuse, but not necessarily drug addiction?
a. Needing more of a drug to get the same effects as before
b. Getting into trouble with the law because of the drug use
c. Needing drugs to relieve or prevent withdrawal symptoms
d. Having lost control over how much or how often one uses

Answer 9

Getting into trouble with the law because of the drug use

Question 10

When assessing a client/patient, in which domain would be the persons level of engagement belong?
a. Psychosocial
b. Affective
c. Cognitive
d. Physical

Answer 10

Psychosocial

Question 11

By observing a person’s bodily gestures, facial expressions, and estimating the person’s; relative level of self-esteem, which domain of behavior can the RT best assess?
a. Psychosocial
b. Affective
c. Cognitive
d. Physical

Answer 11

Affective

Question 12

Which assessment tool is used by recreational therapist in a short-term, psychiatric setting?
a. State Technical Institute Assessment Process (STIAP)
b. Leisure batteries Inventories (LBI)
c. Minimum Data Set (MDS)
d. Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy (CERT)

Answer 12

Comprehensive Evaluation in Recreation Therapy (CERT)

Question 13

In order to place a patient into an appropriate therapeutic recreation program, the Recreation Therapist must perform and accurate and complete?
a. Comprehensive assessment
b. Set of vital signs
c. Review of demographic information
d. Physical exam

Answer 13

Comprehensive Assessment

Question 14

All of the following elements are part of the affective assessment EXCEPT for:
a. Attitude toward self
b. Expression
c. Problem solving skills
d. Nonverbal communication cues

Answer 14

Problem Solving Skills

Question 15

Which of the following models of TR/RT features four steps and moves from maximum to minimum control by the therapist?
a. The Health Protection/Promotion model
b. The TR Service Delivery model
c. The Leisure Ability model
d. The Ecology model

Answer 15

The Leisure Ability Model

Question 16

Among the following psychology concepts, which is the most emphasized by the Health Protection/Health Promotion model of TR/RT?
a. Learned helplessness
b. Intrinsic motivation
c. Self-actualization
d. Locus of control

Answer 16

Self-actualization

Question 17

The RT is testing a patient’s awareness of danger and ability to care for himself or herself. In which functional domain does this part of the assessment belong?
a. Emotional
b. Cognitive
c. Sensory
d. Physical

Answer 17

Cognitive

Question 18

A tool to help organize and structure the pan for attaining goals is called:
a. Constructive competence
b. SMART goals
c. Continual service improvement goals
d. Feature advantage benefits

Answer 18

SMART goals

Question 19

In an outdoor RT program for teens with psychiatric, emotional, behavioral and/or addiction disorders, which of the following is the best example of a behavioral objective?
a. “The client will demonstrate the ability to climb inside of a cave in a safe manner”
b. “When asked, the client will climb in a cave using the climbing technique as taught”
c. “When inside of a cave, the client will know the proper climbing technique to use”
d. “The client will understand the proper techniques to use for climbing inside caves”

Answer 19

“When asked, the client will climb in a cave using the climbing technique as taught”

Question 20

Which of the following behavior modification techniques would be most helpful for a client with agoraphobia?
a. Differential Reinforcement of incompatible Behavior (DRI)
b. Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
c. Systematic desensitization
d. Positive reinforcement

Answer 20

System desensitization

Question 21

In which of the following ways has leisure counseling been identified as a valuable psychotherapeutic tool?
a. Researchers have identified all of these as applications of leisure counseling
b. Easing symptoms of phobias, panic attacks, or post-traumatic stress disorder
c. Controlling and/or inhibiting obsessive, compulsive, and addictive behaviors
d. Helping patients in establishing and maintaining positive moods and feelings

Answer 21

Researchers have identified all of these as applications of leisure counseling

Question 22

A client with a history of aggression begins swearing and pacing back and forth, shouting, “You can’t make me stay here!” the MOST appropriate initial response is to:
a. Speak calmly and quietly to the client
b. Tell the client this behavior is inappropriate
c. Leave the room
d. Call security to restrain the client

Answer 22

Speak calmly and quietly to the client

Question 23

Listed below are five stages of substance abuse:
1. Regular use
2. Dependence
3. Problem use
4. Experimentation
5. Addiction
Which of the following correctly orders these stages from first to last?
a. 1,2,3,4,5
b. 3,4,2,1,4
c. 4,1,3,2,5
d. 4,3,2,1,5

Answer 23

4, 1, 3, 2, 5

Question 24

Which of the following characteristics indicates that a dog is likely well-suited to be a therapy dog?
a. Guards toys and food
b. Likes to like people
c. Very enthusiastic and excited about meeting people
d. Remains confident in different environments

Answer 24

Remains confident in different environments

Question 25

When reviewing a number of articles as part of the development of evidence-based practice guidelines, the first step to reading critically should be: a. Review the author’s credentials b. Consider the source c. Read the article conclusion d. Evaluate the overall article

Answer 25

Consider the Source

Question 26

The three primary elements of motivational interviewing are: a. Collaboration, evocation, and autonomy b. Orientation, identification, and termination c. Input, discussion, output d. Identification of barriers, conflict resolution, and implementation

Answer 26

Collaboration, evocation, and autonomy

Question 27

Which of the following poses the greatest barrier to communication? a. The client is extremely anxious and crying b. The client is deaf and uses a sign-language interpreted c. The client is vision impaired but sees shapes d. The client had mild cognitive impairment

Answer 27

The client is extremely anxious and crying

Question 28

Which of the following is a nonverbal clue that a client may be anxious? a. Client rubs his eyes and yawns b. Client has flat aspect and responds in monosyllables c. Client’s pupils are constricted and client sniffs repeatedly d. Client rubs hands together constantly

Answer 28

Client rubs hands together constantly

Question 29

When interviewing a client whose culture is different from the CTRS, the CTRS asks what the client believes is the cause of the client’s symptoms and what treatment the client expects. This is an example of a. Cultural competence b. Insecurity c. Motivational interviewing d. Empowering

Answer 29

Cultural competence

Question 30

The primary goals of client advocacy are a. Providing direct services for clients b. Lobbying administrative/legislative bodies for improved services c. Increasing resources to better meet client needs d. Promoting client independence and improvement in the healthcare system

Answer 30

Promoting client independence and improvement in the healthcare system

Question 31

A bipolar client who is very nervous about transitioning into the community from a sheltered environment may benefit from: a. A support group b. A 12-step program c. An adult daycare program d. Peer counseling

Answer 31

A support group

Question 32

The coping mechanism that involves actively searching for a way to reduce stress and cope is: a. Problem solving b. Avoidance c. Physical activity d. Spirituality

Answer 32

Problem Solving

Question 33

All shelters are full and an indigent uninsured client with mental health issues and planned discharge in 3 days is placed on a waiting list for a preferred shelter, the next action should be: a. Call daily to determine where the client is on the list b. Place the client on a second waiting list c. Plan transfer to a skilled nursing facility until shelter placement I s possible d. Refer the problem to social services

Answer 33

Place the client on a second waiting list

Question 34

A 6-year-old child is drawing a picture of a boy in a bed crying, with large tears on th efface falling onto the pillows. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate statement to elicit the child’s feeling? a. “Why is the little boy in your picture crying?” b. “Is the little boy afraid to be in the hospital?” c. “I see that the little boy in your picture is crying.” d. “Did something hurt the little boy?”

Answer 34

“I see that the little boy in your picture is crying.”

Question 35

When assessing a client’s level of interest in activities, which of the following information is MOST essential? a. Type of activity, past and recent past interest, current participation, and future interest b. Type of activity, availability of activity resources c. Type of activity, cost of activity, feasibility of participation d. Type of activity, physical ability, and current interest

Answer 35

Type of activity, past and recent past interest, current participation, and future interest

Question 36

The goal of the leisure ability model of treatment is for the client to: a. Rapidly achieve maximum mobility b. Depend on the CTRS for guidance throughout treatment c. Become increasingly independent in treatment/activities d. Come to terms with disability

Answer 36

Become increasingly independent in treatment/activities

Question 37

All of the following are characteristics of addictive personalities EXCEPT a. Approval-seeking b. Impulsive c. Thrill-seeking d. Lying

Answer 37

Approval-seeking

Question 38

According to Flow theory (Csikszentmihalyi), flow occurs when: a. Skill level is high and challenge level is low b. Skill level is high and challenge level is low c. Skill level is low and challenge level is low d. Skill level is low and challenge level is high

Answer 38

Skill level is high and challenge level is low

Question 39

The primary goal of the recovery model for clients with mental illness is to help the clients to a. Return to the precious level of functioning b. Avoid relapses and complications c. Maintain control of their lives and make decisions d. Maintain treatment protocols

Answer 39

Maintain control of their lives and make decisions

Question 40

Which of the following forms of therapy is MOST likely to help a client with PTST express feelings and reduce anxiety? a. Art therapy b. Paintball c. Skeet shooting d. Soccer

Answer 40

Art therapy

Question 41

A client who returned from military service in Afghanistan has begun to have severe frightening flashback related to post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTDS). If the CTRS finds the client cowering in the corner of the room in a state of panic, the best approach is to a. “Give me your hand and I’ll help you get up” b. “I know you are afraid, but you are safe here.” c. “Just deep breath and relax” d. “There is nothing to be afraid of”

Answer 41

“I know you are afraid, but you are safe here.”

Question 42

Clients who are diagnosed with severe depression and engaging in recreation therapy as a part of treatment show be routinely assessed for a. Functional abilities b. Risk of falls c. Suicidal ideation d. PTSD

Answer 42

Suicidal ideation

Question 43

Which of the following patterns of symptoms are characteristic of schizophrenia? a. Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) or negative symptoms (flat affect, social isolation) b. Mood swings between depression and mania c. Impaired social interactions, communication problems, and repetitive behaviors d. Self-image disturbance, self-mutilating behaviors, and fear of abandonment

Answer 43

Positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations) or negative symptoms (flat affect, social isolation)

Question 44

When developing an appropriate exercise plan for a client with anorexia nervosa, the CTRS should avoid discussing which of the following? a. The fun aspects of exercise b. Balancing energy input and output c. The social aspects of exercise d. The relationship of calories to exercise

Answer 44

The relationship of calories to exercise

Question 45

When assessing a mental health client for affect, if the client’s affect is essentially blank and immobile, it would be classified as: a. Blunted b. Flat c. Inappropriate d. Bizarre

Answer 45

Flat

Question 46

If a client with chronic alcoholism stops drinking, the first stage of withdrawal usually begins within a. 4 hours b. 8 hours c. 12 hours d. 24 hours

Answer 46

8 hours

Question 47

The four stages of recovery from substance abuse/addiction are listed below 1. Early abstinences 2. Maintenance 3. Initiation 4. Advanced recovery Which of the following correctly orders these stages from first to last a. 1,2,3,4 b. 3,1,2,4 c. 1,3,4,2 d. 3,1,4,2

Answer 47

3, 1, 2, 4

Question 48

If planning g a program for a client and using the person-centered model of care, an essential element to include is a. Community resources b. Family input c. Social wellbeing d. Choice

Answer 48

Choice

Question 49

If clients are participating in a game of basketball in a gym, those with hyperactivity or attention deficit disorders may especially before distressed because of the a. Stress of playing b. Noise level c. Energy expended d. Duration of play

Answer 49

Noise level