NCTRC study guide Flashcards

Question

used to treat specific symptoms or behavioral problems A. Thraplay B. Filial therapy C. Cognitive behavioral play theory D. Perspective play

Answer 1

C -Also provides learning and mastery and creative expression

Answer 2

B Leisure lifestyles implies that an individual has sufficient skills, knowledge, attitudes, and abilities to participate successfully in and be satisfied with leisure and recreation experiences that are incorporated into his or her individual life pattern.

Answer 3

B -the central pervasive personal belief that an individual can exercise some control over his or her own functioning and over environmental events to reach some desired end; Foundational to the individual’s sense of competence and control

Answer 4

C and The service provider of recreation programs must view the involvement of individuals with limitations as part of their basic service responsibility

Answer 5

B 1. Assessment 2. Functional intervention 3. Leisure education 4. Recreation participation

Answer 6

C Client orientated approach to to TR Maximum control by specialist→minimum control by specialist

Answer 7

A 1) Require many participants and on administrative structure – leagues and tournaments 2) Enjoyed in groups and are facilitated – dramatics, arts and crafts, music 3) Require a specific facility or equipment – fitness and exercise, ceramics 4) Self-initiated and self-directed – park, playground, swimming pool, drop-in center

Answer 8

B Purpose of TR is to enable the client to recover following a threat to health (health protection) and to achieve optimal health (health promotion)

Answer 9

D Leisure is the 3rd step in the health improvement/ health promotion model. It is client directed.

Answer 10

A Recreation is the 2nd step in the health improvement/ health promotion model.

Answer 11

A In recreation, clients afford opportunities to experience control over their environments within a supportive, non-threatening atmosphere.

Answer 12

A The elements of the optimizing lifelong long health through TR model include: selecting, optimizing, compensating, and evaluating

Answer 13

B It is proposed that teaching participants in TR programs to experience enjoyment and to create environments conducive to enjoyment are important goals for TR service which also contribute to participants' functional improvements

Answer 14

C The four major elements include: 1. Afflictions and oppression 2. Aristotelian goods 3. Freedom 4. Role of CTRS

Answer 15

A The three approaches are: - Quality of life - Human services - Marketing

Answer 16

C Four step process: 1. Identify the problem issue and target goals (assessment) 2. Determine activity components (plan and implement program) 3. Document the benefit outcomes (evaluate) 4. Spread the word about the positive results of the program

Answer 17

D Models are useful for: • Detection of errors • As mechanisms to accommodate new developments • As means for improving the profession • All seek to reconcile the strict therapeutic outcomes of the clinical setting with the unique modality of recreation activity • Theoretical based.

Answer 18

C Competence: Professionals function to the best of their knowledge and skill. They only render services and employ techniques of which they are qualified by training and experience. They recognize their limitations, and seek to reduce them by expanding their expertise. Professionals continuously enhance their knowledge and skills through education and by remaining informed of professional and social trends, issues and developments.

Answer 19

A The obligation of the professional to the individual: - wellbeing - loyalty - Respect - professional practices

Answer 20

D ``` 1.) Scope of Practice • Development and implementation • Content a) Treatment Services b)Leisure Education Services c) Recreation Services 2.) Mission and Purpose, Goals and Objectives 3.) Individual Treatment/Program Plan 4.) Documentation 5.) Plan of Operation 6.) Personnel Qualifications 7.) Ethical Responsibilities 8.) Evaluations and Research ```

Answer 21

C 2. Autonomy: TR has the the duty to preserve and protect rights of each individual to make his/her own choices.

Answer 22

D integrity is apart of the obligation of professional virtue.

Answer 23

A 5. Therapeutic Recreation personnel are responsible for providing each individual receiving service with information regarding the service and the professional's training and credentials; benefits, outcomes, length of treatment, expected activities, risks, limitations.

Answer 24

B 1. beneficence/ no maleficence 2. Autonomy 3. justice 4. fidelity 5. veracity/ informed consent 6. confidentiality and privacy 7. competence 8. compliance with laws and regulations

Answer 25

B Secondary sources of info include: medical or education records, results of testing, interviews with family or friends, the social history (social worker), case recordings or progress notes that staff have charted, and conferences and team meetings with other staff.

Answer 26

C • High cognitive functioning clients • Approx. ten mins to administer • Usually used in a pretest/posttest protocol • Used on adolescents in summer adventure program • Purpose: to measure participants perceived level of trust and cooperation • Self-report assessment • Sample questions: o Having a groups support makes many things easier to do. o Cooperation is more enjoyable then competition in sports and games. o Trusting others is often a mistake

Answer 27

D • Reading level at 4th grade, high cognitive functioning • Purpose: to identify the degree to which the participant is bored in the four components that make up boredom • Sample questions: o During my free time, I do not use a lot of my physical skills o During my free time, it feels that time stands still

Answer 28

A 1.) Meaningfulness: the patient has a focus or purpose during their free time 2.) Mental Involvement: the patient has enough to think about and finds these thoughts emotionally satisfying. 3.) Speed of Time: the patient has enough purposeful and satisfying activity to fill their time 4.) Physical Involvement: the patient has enough movement to satisfy them.

Answer 29

B Four separate testing tools: 1. ) Leisure Interest Measure 2. ) Leisure Satisfaction Measure 3. ) Leisure Attitude Measurement 4. ) Leisure Motivation Scale

Answer 30

C The LAM was originally known as the LAS. - made for high functioning clients - self-report assessment - originally developed for research

Answer 31

D 1. Cognitive: general knowledge about leisure, beliefs about leisure, etc. 2. Affective: evaluation of leisure experiences, liking of experiences, feelings toward leisure, etc. 3. Behavioural: Intentions, current and past participation

Answer 32

B -measures how much interest the clients have in the 8 domains of leisure including physical, outdoors, mechanical, art, services, social, cultural, reading

Answer 33

A -Made for high cognitive function clients

Answer 34

D 1.) Intellectual – extent to which the individuals are motivated to engage in leisure activities. 2.) Social – this component measures the need for relationships and being valued by others. 3.) Competence – assesses the extent to which individuals engage in leisure in order to achieve and competence. 4.) Stimulus Avoidance – assesses the need to seek solitude or individual participation.

Answer 35

A originally known as leisure satisfaction scale (LSS) - used for high cognitive functioning clients - self-report assessment - six categories of need

Answer 36

B 1. psychological 2. educational 3. social 4. relaxation 5. physiological 6. aesthetic

Answer 37

A Based on attribution theory, the term ‘leisure functioning” describes how an individual feels about his/her leisure experiences. First comprehensive battery of instruments designed to assess an individual’s “leisure functioning”

Answer 38

B - Self-report assessment - Long and short forms are available - Used for pope with and without disabilities - consist of 8 components

Answer 39

``` A Section 1: Perception of Freedom in leisure: 1) Perceived leisure competency scale 2) Perceived leisure control scale 3) Leisure needs scale 4) Depth of involvement in leisure scale 5) Playfulness scale Section 2: Barriers to Leisure: 6) Barriers to leisure involvement scale 7) Knowledge of leisure opportunity test 8) Leisure preference inventory ```

Answer 40

B - Used for adults and for adolescents - Preferences are divided into 10 categories - Clients respond after viewing "collages" and deciding which picture, card or slide they like better. - Validity and reliability studies reported

Answer 41

B - Made for clients with moderate to no cognitive impairment - self-report assessment - Sample questions: I feel miserable most of the time, I never dreamed that I could be as lonely as I am now, and I haven't a cent in the world

Answer 42

B - Made for adolescents and adults with moderate to no cognitive impairments - five sub scales - sample questions: - -at present I get along with others - -Feel accepted by others - -Understand how my actions affect others

Answer 43

C Educational is a category form the Life satisfaction Measure 5 sub sections of SET - Bonding/cohesion- see self as connected to group - Empowerment-able to influence people and events around person - Self-awareness- identify own feelings - self-affirmations- ability to state beliefs and goals - Awareness to others- awareness of trust in others

Answer 44

D The measurement of social empowerment and trust (SET) is an assessment to measure leisure attitudes

Answer 45

A - Made for clients with cognitive/ or physical impairment - has two sections to determine if clients are cognitively and socially competent to use public transportation independently

Answer 46

D 1. ) Evaluations functional skills such as: appearance, getting ready, waiting for the bus, interaction with strangers, pedestrian safety, riding conduct and transfers 2. ) Evaluates maladaptive behaviors such as anxiety, depression, hostility, suspiciousness, unusual thought content, hallucinations, disorientation, etc.

Answer 47

D made for youth and adults with developmental age of at least 10 . Purpose is to identify and evaluate behaviors relevant to successfully integrate into society using appropriate social skills.

Answer 48

B Three performance areas: 1. general - Attitude, appearance, posture 2. individual performance - Decision making ability, judgment ability, ability to form relationships, frustration tolerance, strength/ endurance 3. group performance - Memory for group activities, response to group structure, leadership ability in groups, group conversation

Answer 49

C Adults in rehab/ loss of function - Purpose is to establish baseline for functional skills related to leisure - reassessment of the same client helps to establish skills recovery loss

Answer 50

D 8 areas: 1.) Gross motor function: ▪ Neck control, weight bearing, right lower extremity movement, etc. 2.) Fine motor function: ▪ Right manual movement ability, right manual movement endurance, etc. 3.) Locomotion: ▪ Wheelchair maneuverability, transfer ability, ambulatory ability, etc. 4.) Motor Skills: ▪ Fine motor coordinator, gross motor coordination, recreation time, etc. 5.) Sensory: ▪ Ocular pursuit, depth perception, auditory acuity, etc. 6.) Cognitive: ▪ Judgement/decision making ability, attention span, memory, orientation, etc. 7.) Communication: ▪ Verbal expressive skills, verbal receptive skills, written receptive skills, written expressive skills, etc. 8.) Behaviour: ▪ Adjustment to disability, social interaction skills, frustration tolerance level, emotions.

Answer 51

D -Individuals with a primary or secondary diagnosis of dementia, MR/DD, or brain injury

Answer 52

C - The activity therapy social skills baseline - most of the social skills included in this assessment are important building blocks to development of a mature leisure lifestyle - divided ing 12 levels of ability, the lowest being social level 1.

Answer 53

D Six areas of abilities Include: - The clients reaction to others - The clients reaction to objects - The clients seeking attention from other to manipulate the environment - The clients interaction with objects - The clients concept of self - The clients interaction with others

Answer 54

B Original population was adults in VA hospitals (rehab, psych, geriatric, hospitals, etc.) Can be used as an initial screening for most populations Examines functional skills for leisure involvement Use of chart review and observations

Answer 55

C 1. Physical: • 11 areas including: Sight/vision hearing, ambulation, general coordination, etc. 2. Social/emotional: • 11 areas including: dyad, small group, competition, conflict/argument, etc. 3. Cognitive: • 11 areas including: orientation, receptive language, attending and concentrating, long-term memory, etc.

Answer 56

D Seniors with limited disabilities to determine the functional capacity of older adults in six areas of function relative to established ego and sex-related norms.

Answer 57

A • Measures six areas including: 1. Body Composition 2. Flexibility 3. Agility/Dynamic Balance 4. Coordination 5. Strength/Endurance 6. Endurance

Answer 58

B Appropriate for any client group who is ambulatory and has cognitive disabilities. • Purpose: to determines ability to demonstrate skills to hike independently.

Answer 59

C Measures ability to: - Select appropriate attire - Demonstrate pacing patterns - Demonstrate uphill/downhill techniques - Demonstrate techniques to move under obstacles - Demonstrate techniques to move over obstacles

Answer 60

D -written for clients with ID/IDD Purpose: Measures general developmental level of the client in 18 areas related to leisure. • Takes approx. 15 mins to score after observing the patients in two or more activities. -measures 18 areas of leisure

Answer 61

D • Measures 18 areas of leisure including: - gross/fine motor - hand-eye - play behavior - language use - following directions - problem solving - emotional control - people skills - etc.

Answer 62

A - intake assessment form for long-term care/ nursing homes - written to meet Omnibus budget Reconciliation Act (OVRA) regulations - Helps complete MDS - Chart review, observation, interview - five sections: 1. Personal and medical history 2. Leisure interests 3. Leisure history 4. Individual performance/social strengths 5. Maladaptive behaviours

Answer 63

``` D Five sections: 1. Personal and medical history 2. Leisure interests 3. Leisure history 4. Individual performance/social strengths 5. Maladaptive behaviors ```

Answer 64

A • Completed by numerous members of the interdisciplinary treatment team • Summary assessment • Inpatient rehab unit or hospital including: stoke; brain dysfunction; neurologic conditions; spinal cord dysfunction, Non-Traumatic/Traumatic; amputation; arthritis; pain syndromes; orthopedic disorders; cardiac disorders; pulmonary disorders; burns; DD and medically complex conditions. • Purpose: to gather data to determine the payment of each Medicare Part A fee-for-service patients admitted to an impatient rehab unit or hospital * Measures what the client with a disability actually does, not what she ought to be able to do. * Similar to long-term care * Uses FIM in clinical section

Answer 65

B Developed for adolescents and young adult clients who are diagnosed as having MR/DD or other disabilities that cause a person to struggle with appropriate social behaviours and appropriate social interactions.

Answer 66

C Three sections: 1. Basic personal data 2. Structured interview - Explore understanding of activities/leisure 3. Structured interview - Explore understanding of dating, marriage and sexuality

Answer 67

D - Was designed for adults - used with Individuals with severe/profound ID or severe IDD who function less than 1 year of age - One of the few TR assessment for clients who are extremely disabled - test development levels 0-1 months to 8-12 months - observation - measures five areas 1. Play 2. Fine motor 3. Gross motor 4. Sensory 5. Social/cognition

Answer 68

A • Preschool or elementary school age children, with and without disabilities • Purpose: to measure social behaviour related to developmentally appropriate social competence • Research show if children do not have minimal social competence by age six they have a high probability of being at risk • Observation

Answer 69

A 1. Individual attributes: ▪ Usually in positive mood, usually copes with rebuffs adequately, shows capacity to empathize, etc. 2. Social skills attributes: ▪ Approaches others positively, is not easily intimidated by bullies ,takes turns fairly easily, etc. 3. Peer relationship attributes: ▪ Usually accepted versus neglected or rejected by other children, is named by other children as someone they are friends with or like to play and work with, etc.

Answer 70

B - Clients with TBI, DD, Psychiatric disabilities, or receiving supported care like residents of a nursing home, group home, adult daycare center, or assisted living facility - Best for people who have severe mental illness - Also has a protocol for assessing clients with significant impairments

Answer 71

A -best for people who have sever mental illness -Uses interviews and a series of activities • Measures six areas: 1. Find motor skill 2. Gross motor skill 3. Receptive communication 4. Expressive communication 5. Cognitive skills 6. Social behaviors

Answer 72

B * Clients with right CVA with left neglect. * Purpose: to measure density and scope of visual neglect * Uses a dart board

Answer 73

C -REDS is a functional assessment * Individuals with severe/profound MR or severe DD who function less than 1 year of age * Was designed for adults * One of the few TR assessment for clients who are extremely disabled * Purpose: to assess developmental level.

Answer 74

D * Individuals with moderate or no cognitive impairments * Purpose: to measure perception of involvement and not just participation * Self-report assessment * Six cognitive/emotional elements that influence actual participation in activity: Sample questions - My favorite activities give me pleasure - My leisure activities give me a sense of value in my life

Answer 75

B -Also appropriate for middle ages and older adults with moderate to no cognitive disability. • Purpose: to measure the leisure behaviour of adults • Assess participation • Four Subscales

Answer 76

A -can be used with a wide variety of populations, but is most appropriate for psychiatric adults and adolescents or substance abuse units. Can be used with long term care & phys rehab as well. - Uses pictures geared for adult 50 and older - Four sub scale

Answer 77

C Leisure level model steps: 1. Assessment 2. Identify problem 3. understand healthy leisure 4.experience healthy leisure participation 5.unresolved issues of past and relationship between leisure an what is going on at the time 6.planning the future 7.opportunities to observe leisure activities 8.Arts, crafts, music drama, dance and home activities .......etc

Answer 78

D Adults with physical disabilities * Measures general scope of leisure activity skills in order to provide a basis for program decision making regarding a more balanced & leisure skill repertoire. * Fourteen competencies including: physical skill that can be done alone, activity dependent on some aspect of the outdoor environment, etc.

Answer 79

C • Way to monitor the balance of leisure activities offered to clients living in group homes to ensure that staff offer an appropriate mix of activities • More a method of documenting participation than an assessment • Purpose: to monitor client’s involvement in leisure activities • Areas: participation, initiation, independence, physical output, satisfaction, average size of groups and average time spend in activities. • Has a supplemental physical activity sheet to monitor physical activity

Answer 80

A - Any population that needs to regain the ability to use community resources, including but not limited to patients with physical disabilities, DD, psychiatric disorders, head injuries and youth at risk. - The CIP measures the knowledge and skills required for using resources within the community - Each module measures different aspects of knowledge and skills required for integration.

Answer 81

B -All of the rest are participation assessments. RAI is: - interdisciplinary assessment and care planning process - used in long-term care - computerized - used to reimburse, and quality assurance

Answer 82

C - Identifies: needs, strengths, preferences, description of functional skills, directs content of care plan - T1a= recreational therapy - basic components: 1. MDS: 2. triggers 3. resource assessment protocol (RAP) 4. prospective payment systems 5. quality indicators

Answer 83

D -as of July 1st 1998 the prospective payment system began and section T. was added to the MDS. requiring the reporting of TR services -HCFA is collecting stats on the use of RT through section T1a to evaluate future reimbursement rates - documents the number of days and total minutes of recreation therapy administered during the past seven days

Answer 84

C -The scope of intensity, duration, and service provided must be within the physician or nurse practitioner’s prescription. If recreation therapy is ordered, it is considered medically necessary and appropriate, and therefore, the facilities’ obligation to provide the service for their residents. -if the facility doesn't employ a CTRS they must contract one

Answer 85

-Completed by various members of interdisciplinary team • Summary assessment • Professionals first assess functional needs using another assessment and then summarized findings on this document • Clients in impatient rehabilitation unit or hospital • FIM is part of this summary • Used to determine payment for Medicaid

Answer 86

D • Areas include: eating, grooming, bathing, dressing, problem solving, etc. • Used in rehabilitation • Basic indicator of severity of disability • Can be administered quickly and to groups -126 indicated independence, while a score of 18 indicated full dependence -it is the product of an effort to resolve the long-standing problem of lack of uniform measurement and data on disability and rehabilitation outcomes

Answer 87

A - scale is a managed care environment - looks at overall functioning - continuum from psychiatric illness to health - scale 1 (sickest) to 100 (healthiest)

Answer 88

B Scale 1 (sickest) -100 (healthiest) - 81-90/91-100= positive mental health - 31-70=most outpatients - 1-40= most impatients -Areas include psychological impairment, social skills, dangerousness, occupational skills, substance abuse

Answer 89

A ``` Three point rating scale • Leisure participation categories include: o Mechanics, Sports, etc. o Past involvement = 6 categories o Future = 8 categories ```

Answer 90

B * Examines leisure barriers in eight categories: time, money, transportation, partners, etc. * Client responds to 48 items on 3 point scale (agree - don’t know - disagree)

Answer 91

C * To asses clients cognitive, sensory and perceptual motor skills as prerequisite to leisure participation. * 87 behaviors to be observed during 20 activities, rated on a 3 point scale. * Intended for children but, reportedly used in psychiatric and long term care settings.

Answer 92

Summary of scores and places in 1 of 7 tx groups or categories 1. Rehab 2. Extensive services 3. Special care 4. Clinically complex 5. Impaired cognition 6. Behaviour problem 7. Reduced physical function

Answer 93

Assess dementia by having patients remember and repeat three common objects and draw a clock face indicating a particular time

Answer 94

Assesses dementia through a series of tests, including remembering the names of three common objects, counting backwards, naming, providing location, copying shapes and following directions.

Answer 95

Assesses attention by asking the patient to repeat two numbers, then three, then four and so on

Answer 96

D • Used to assess delirium • Part one is an assessment instrument that screens for overall cognitive impairment. • Part two includes only those four features that were found to have the greatest ability to distinguish delirium or reversible confusion from other types of cognitive impairment.

Answer 97

B - Uses the time that a person takes to rise from a chair, walk three meters, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. - During the test, the person is expected to wear their regular footwear and use any mobility aids that they would normally require. - The TUG is used frequently in the elderly population, as it is easy to administer and can generally be completed by older adults.

Answer 98

A - An assessment of how a child uses the vision he or she has in everyday life, so it is usually not done with children who are totally blind or have light perception only. - Since a child's visual condition and abilities can change over time, the functional vision assessment needs to be repeated periodically.

Answer 99

B A functional vision assessment will investigate how a child uses his/her vision for near tasks: • closer than 16 inches intermediate tasks • 16 inches to 3 feet distance tasks • more than 3 feet away

Answer 100

C -PTA is a subjective, behavioural measurement of hearing threshold, as it relies on patient response to pure tone stimuli. -PTA is used on adults and children old enough to cooperate with the test procedure

Answer 101

D * samples the client’s attitudes or functional ability and then compares the client’s scores against the scores received by the general population * compare a client to a reference group with similar characteristics

Answer 102

A * If research is reliable it should be able to be applied to similar target populations with similar outcomes * Scoring consistency with different CTRS’s

Answer 103

B 1. ) Test-retest: measures the same subjects with the same instruments at different times. 2. ) Alternative-form Method (multiple-form): compares results from two forms of the same measuring tool. 3. ) Split-half Method: the measuring tool Is divided in half, and the results from each half are compared

Answer 104

C 4.) Interobserver reliability (interrated reliability): two observers use the same method of measurement and compare results. 5.) Intraobserver reliability (intrarater reliability): a single observer compares results gathered at different times. 6.) Internal Consistency: a measure of how consistently participants respond to items in the testing instrument. Useful when a test measures a single variable.

Answer 105

D • Also known as parallel-form or alternative form reliability • Include following components: -How closely correlated are two or more forms of the same assessment? -two forms have been developed and demonstrated to measure the same construct -Forms have similar but not the same items -Short and long forms are not equivalent

Answer 106

B * Ability to measure as intended * Are you measuring what you think you are measuring? * Relationship between programs and assessment content?

Answer 107

``` C Threats to Validity: • Assessments should be valid for intended use • Unclear directions • Unclear or ambiguous terms • Too few/many items • Method of administration • Testing conditions • And subjects health, reluctance and attitudes ```

Answer 108

D 1.) Construct Validity: use of an outside, objective opinion to determine whether something is valid. 2.) Internal Validity: represents a causal relationship which can be tested to determine that the program is responsible for the change that is being measures. 3.) External Validity: the extent to which the results of a program can be applied to similar groups.

Answer 109

A * +1 or -1 is a perfect relationship * 0 = no relationship * R =/-.40 to =/-.70 acceptable range

Answer 110

B - Predictive: the effectiveness of one set of test or research results as a predictor of the outcome of future experiments or test (extended period of time) - Concurrent: applies to validation studies in which the two measures are administered at approximately the same time (immediate)

Answer 111

* How stable is the assessment? * Was it influences overly by the passage of time? * Same group assessed two times with the same instrument and results of the two tests are correlated * Are the two tests scores alike? * Time effects (Longer/shorter)

Answer 112

D * Lack of high quality assessments * Validation problems * Use of assessments for purposes not validated * Lack of assessment resources * Cost of assessments * Specialist competence * Lack of protocols (i.e. developments, conduct, score, interpret) * GIGO = garbage in, garbage out

Answer 113

D • Casual: -Type of non-systematic observation in which we engage on a daily basis. -it is responding to our environment in a somewhere random fashion and out of our personal bias and background. -Not skilled, directed or purposeful.

Answer 114

A. Specific Goal Observation: - Assess a well-defined behavior. - Might include observing an adult playing a card game or observing an adolescent square dancing. These activities make certain cognitive, psychomotor, or social demands on the client. --Role playing – client is told to act as though he/she normally would in the situation

Answer 115

A skilled: - Knowing what to look for & what to expect, learn to disregard irrelevant information. - Unobtrusive so as not to alter or change client’s behaviours.

Answer 116

D Keeping an on-going account of the client’s behaviour through written anecdotal notes o What to look for while completing observations: 1) General appearance 2) Motor activity 3) Interpersonal interaction 4) Body language - Areas of observation: Personal appearance, posture & movement, manner, facial expressions, general level of activity, intentional activity, cognitive ability, communication.

Answer 117

When you are interested in how long a behavior occurs, you record the amount of time that the client displays the behavior.

Answer 118

Indicates how frequently a behavior is displayed during a specified time interval.

Answer 119

When the therapist records both the beginning of the behavior and the end of the behavior

Answer 120

D ``` • Allows recording in non-standardized form • Issues: -Can be time consuming -Hard to be objective -Difficulty in deciding level of detail to record • Techniques: -Determine in advance what to observe -Develop procedures for coding -Train observers ```

Answer 121

D - Areas for information seeking during interviews: 1. Readiness for treatment 2. Degree of rationality 3. Relationship with others 4. Resources for support 5. Leisure related problems 6. Leisure values 7. Awareness of leisure 8. Basic skills needed to develop leisure skills 9. Leisure history 10. Appearance 11. Other problem areas

Answer 122

c - Need to be consistent - Conduct interview in a quiet, private and comfortable environment - Introduce self - Introduce therapeutic recreation services - Establish rapport - Determine strengths and weaknesses - Close interview

Answer 123

B Affect = the outward expression of the emotional state

Answer 124

B * Flat affect = none * Broad affect = wide range * Blunted = little, very slow * Inappropriate = range, but inconsistent and inappropriate * Restricted= one type

Answer 125

C 1.) Consistency and Accuracy of Information – must be accurate, objective and consistent • Objectivity: only info that is factual and objective. • Accuracy: needed in correct spelling, grammar and punctuation • Behavioural Language: focus on clients behaviour, descriptive action words and meaningful language • Consistency in Information: client to client, and between clients and specialists

Answer 126

A - Each professional group or source typically keeps data separate from the other professional groups or sources - The plus Side = easier for each discipline to record all data in one place

Answer 127

C -Separates recordings according to discipline -Unstructured • The following need to be included: a) Change in patients condition b) Patients response to treatment or medication c) Lack of a change in condition d) Patient or family members response to teaching

Answer 128

D Is a comprehensive evaluation • Five parts: 1) Data base: data collected during assessment 2) Problem list: analysis of data base establishes a problem list, in numbered order with date. 3) Initial plan: outlines an approach to be used to meet each of the identified problems. 4) Progress notes: record the results of interventions/client progress. Using SOAP, SOAPIE or SOAPIER forms 5) Discharge summary: noting problems and resolutions

Answer 129

B Should express: o Any changes in the patient’s symptoms and complaints? o Current physical findings? Any changes? o New developments o Current formulation and plan for the patient

Answer 130

D - Interventions: specific intervention implemented - Evaluation: Patient’s response to interventions - Revision: changes made from the original treatment plan

Answer 131

D Method for organizing information in the narrative portion of the client’s record to include data, action and response for each identifies concern.

Answer 132

d 1. Data – subjective and/or objective information supporting the stated focus or describing observations at the time of significant events 2. Action – a description of the actions taken by the therapist in the form of interventions or programs 3. Response – a description of the client’s response to the interventions, activities, or situation. It can include a statement that treatment plan goals have been attained. Client outcomes are included in this section 4. Plan – next interventions to be implemented

Answer 133

B DARP Example D: 44 year old female has not participated in scheduled groups nor spoken to peers for the last five days, since leaving the closed psychiatric unit A: TR gave in depth recreation assessment; prescribed 4 groups/week to focus on self-disclosure and listening skills. R: Pt. willingly attended and participated in this morning’s assertiveness group. Pt. initiated self-disclosure 2x and successfully completed 2 listening exercises with peers. Pt. expressed desire to ‘try this again” P: Compliment pt. each time she appropriately self-discloses. Encourage pt. to comply with 4 therapeutic recreation tx. Groups/wk.

Answer 134

A Only findings that are significant, abnormal or that deviate from professional standards or protocols are recorded.

Answer 135

C ``` Contains several components: o Flow sheets o Documentation referencing standards o Protocols and incidental orders o A database o Diagnosis-based care plan o SOAP (IER) progress notes ```

Answer 136

B Form of organized activity that is freely chose and has the potential of many desirable outcomes Recreation is an activity that people engage in during their free time, that people enjoy, and that people recognize as having socially redeeming values. The activity performed is less important than the reason for performing the activity, which is the outcome.

Answer 137

c Time, activity, state of mind, symbol of social status and holistic effect Leisure is a set of activities that people engage in during their free time-activities that are not work oriented or that do not invovle life maintenance tasks such as housecleaning or sleeping.

Answer 138

A Activities in which one engages freely and from which satisfaction is derived Play is imaginative, intrinsically motivated, nonserious, freely chosen and actively engaging. Play is typified by spontaneity, joyfulness and inhibition and is done not as a means to an end but for its inherent pleasure.

Answer 139

``` B Benefits of a CPP: • Stability • Flexibility • Accountability • Complement other disciplines ```

Answer 140

• Programs that focus on achievement of individualized outcomes and benefits • Titles found in practice settings much include: o care plans, treatment plans, specific program plans, individual education plans or individual rehabilitation plans

Answer 141

B Specific Program Plan (SPP): • the operational units that put the comprehensive goals and purpose into motion • agency or unit goals → operational programs • derived from the operational plan (See section III-B) • guide the design of individual participant interventions • written guidelines for the delivery of specific programs and services -including: aquatic therapy, pet therapy, leisure education

Answer 142

``` D Activity Selection Factors: • Age/age appropriateness • Number of clients • Staff/client ratio • Budget/facilities available • Staff skills • Etc. ```

Answer 143

D Activity Analysis Principles: • Analyze - activity as normally or traditionally engaged in • Rate - activity as compared with other activities • Analyze – without regard for specific disability group • Analyze – for minimal level of skills required for basic, successful participation

Answer 144

D Action taking place within the mind or an action involving the mind and a part of the both, but not requiring contact with another person or external object. 1. i.e. daydreaming, meditating, etc.

Answer 145

B Extra-individual: action directed by a person toward an object in the environment, requiring no contact with another person. 1. i.e. reading, watching TV, crafts, computer games, etc.

Answer 146

D Aggregate: an action directed by a person toward an object in the environment while in the company of other people who are also directing action toward objects in the environment. No action between participants in necessary. 1. i.e. crafts, hobby groups, bingo, etc.

Answer 147

D Inter-individual: action of a competitive nature directed by one person toward another 1. i.e. Chess, checkers, honeymoon bridge, singles tennis, etc.

Answer 148

C Unilateral: action of a competitive nature among three or more persons, one of whom is an antagonist or “it”. 1. i.e. tag, hide and go seek, etc.

Answer 149

B Multilateral: action of competitive nature among three or more persons with no one people as an antagonist. 1. i.e. scrabble, poker, monopoly, etc.

Answer 150

A Intragroup: action of cooperative nature by two or more persons intent upon reaching a mutual goal. Action requires positive verbal and nonverbal interaction 1. i.e. musical groups, dramatic plays, service projects, etc.

Answer 151

B Intergroup: Action of a competitive nature between two or more intra groups • I.e. softball, doubles tennis, bridge, etc

Answer 152

A An activity analysis breaks down the skills needed to to determine behavioral requirements inherent for successful participation A task analysis : Braking down an event or larger behavior into small, discrete, and specific sub-behaviors that are to be performed in a particular order

Answer 153

d -Primarily for long term psychiatric, confused elderly in long care. • Stimulates healthy personality development by focusing interaction around topics and interests that motivate the client to re-establish contact with the real world. • Since people who are regressed, withdrawn, confused, or who have sustained a brain injury tend to focus on personal conditions, diverting attention from the illness to positive discussions of sports, hobbies, or current events increases self-respect, alleviates boredom, and stimulates social and cognitive functions. • Remotivation is more commonly used in geriatric settings than in mental health and physical medicine and rehabilitation • Four Step Program: a group process promoting the discussion of topics using picture, papers, magazines that relate to the real world, renewed interest in the environment & avoidance of stressful & emotional issues. 1) Climate of acceptance 2) Bridge to reality 3) Sharing the world 4) Appreciation of the world we live in

Answer 154

D • Verbal discussions of client behaviours, thoughts, feelings, etc. • Helps clients become aware of their behaviours while contributing activity to the clients learning, adaptation and growth • Helps the client generalize what was done in the activity to life and is essential to the appropriate and effective use of activities to facilitate change in clients • Can occur beginning, middle or end of session

Answer 155

A Emphasis on fixation or progress the psycho-sexual stages; experiences in early childhood leave a lasting mark on adult personality.

Answer 156

B • Personality evolves gradually over life-span, not in stages. Responses followed by reinforcement become more frequent. • Three therapeutic approaches, which have come to be viewed as entities unto themselves, are related to the behavioral approach: 1. Assertiveness training 2. Progressive relaxation training 3. Social skills training

Answer 157

C • Children who receive unconditional love have less need to be defensive; they develop more accurate congruent self-concepts.

Answer 158

A Emphasis on fixation or progress the psycho-sexual stages; experiences in early childhood leave a lasting mark on adult personality.

NCTRC study guide Flashcards

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