ND Test 1 #1

Question 1

CSF is filtered by _____ out of blood

Answer 1

ependymal cells

Question 2

• CSF functions

Answer 2

protection, reduces effect of gravity on brain by 20%, nutrient and waste exchange, chemical protection
o Buffer for acid/base

Question 3

o Flow of CSF:

Answer 3

in lateral ventricles then to third ventricle, then to fourth ventricle (in front of cerebellum), then drain out the sides to cover the skull and brain. At the bottom of fourth ventricle it goes through central canal and goes down to sacrum

Question 4

o Walking and pumping mechanism of sacrum moves____ back up

Answer 4

CSF

Question 5

takes ____ hours to turn over CSF

Answer 5

7 ½

Question 6

CSF Volume is ____cc at about ____cc per hour

Answer 6

150

20

Question 7

CSF is taken to sagittal sinus and introduced back into blood through ______ granulations

Answer 7

arachnoid

Question 8

o Brain has no _____ but all of blood vessels, meninges, periosteum do

Answer 8

nociceptors

Question 9

Sensory nerves for headaches are

Answer 9

V, IX, X, and C1-C3

Question 10

Vascular headaches

Answer 10

Migraine

Cluster

Question 11

usually start in adolescent, young women and outgrown by 30, occurs unilaterally, light and sound make it worse, cure by sleeping off migraine, blood vessels get irritated

Answer 11

migraine (vascular)

Question 12

2 types of migraines

Answer 12

Classic

complicated

Question 13

presence of an aura, jagged lines in vision as part of aura, a feeling of uneasiness or nausea that precedes the migraine, last 2-4 hours to 24 hours

Answer 13

classic migraine

Question 14

involves a transient neurological deficit in addition to the classic presentation (numbness or tingling, vision loss on side of migraine, paralysis on one side)

Answer 14

complicated migraine

Question 15

middle-aged men, brought on by alcohol and stress, pain is unilateral and deep, boring behind the eye, timeframe is in minutes usually 15-20 minutes

Answer 15

Cluster headache (vascular)

Question 16

subluxation induced headache/cervicogenic

Answer 16

tension

Question 17

 Hat band
 Timing: years
 Due to misalignment in cervical area and causes pulling of vertebra from muscle

Answer 17

Tesnsion headache

Question 18

Headache with neck stiffness and fever is suggestive of

Answer 18

meningitis

Question 19

Sudden explosive headache is suggestive of

Answer 19

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Question 20

Giant cell arteritis, found in elderly patients, inflammation of temporal artery and others (those supplying the eye), temporal artery is enlarged, lead to vision loss

Answer 20

Temporal arteritis

Question 21

pressure pushes part of brain out FM (usually cerebellum sticking out due to hydrocephalus)

Answer 21

Arnold Kiary syndrome

Question 22

elevated blood pressure, decreased heart rate and respiratory abnormality

Answer 22

cushing’s triad

Question 23

Papilledema

Answer 23

optic disc is getting pushed forward to the back of the eyeball and the veins become distended because blood can’t be drain back into the eyeball from the ophthalmic vein

Question 24

global symptoms

Answer 24

headache, change in consciousness

Question 25

Focal symptoms

Answer 25

neurological deficit that tie to a specific area of the nervous system: tumor sitting on the cerebrum at area that controls handhand numbness; Optic chiasma tumorvery specific pattern of vision loss

Question 26

there is no physical damage to the brain, a little headache or bump on side

Answer 26

Concussion

Question 27

fever and disequilibrium up to weeks after the trauma, due to brief loss of memory from concussion, vestibular system got thrown off so fast

Answer 27

Post concussive syndrome

Question 28

bruise due to bleeding from rupture of blood vessels in brainleak out of brain  Don’t go to sleep because can’t monitor the gradual increase in blood leaking

Answer 28

contusion

Question 29

Laceration

Answer 29

actual tearing of brain tissue, deficits resulting from this are permanent, most serious

Question 30

Intracranial hemorrhages

Answer 30

``` Epidural subdural subarachnoid intracerebral hydrocephalus tumors ```

Question 31

Intracranial hemorrhage:happens in the dural space, middle meningeal artery gets ruptured, pool of blood pushes everything away from it

Answer 31

Epidural

Question 32

Intracranial hemorrhage: rupture of the bridging veins, blood will flow out really slow because veins are low in pressure

Answer 32

subdural

Question 33

Intracranial hemorrhage: worse headache with a very sudden onset, explosive, usually fatal because the cerebral arteries rupture  Beri aneurysm • Familial

Answer 33

Subarachnoid

Question 34

Intracranial hemorrhage: most common cause is high blood pressure because the microvasculature of the brain burst

Answer 34

Intracerebral

Question 35

Intracranial hemorrhage: Obstructed CSF flow with headaches, change in consciousness and Papilledema (bulging optic disc)

Answer 35

hydrocephalus

Question 36

Intracranial hemorrhage: increased intracranial pressure with with focal deficits

Answer 36

Tumors

Question 37

Doesn’t lead to a lot of damage because blood is not intermixing with brain tissue but does lead to increase pressure, after significant head trauma

Answer 37

epidural hemorrhage

Question 38

___% of tumors are metastatic

Answer 38

23% (comming from somewhere else)

Question 39

___ meningioma

Answer 39

17% (benign and easy to take out)

Question 40

___% of tumors come from glioma and ___% are metastatic

Answer 40

40 | 50

Question 41

tumor of the ependymal cells, interspersed with all the nerve roots

Answer 41

ependyoma

Question 42

tumor of the astrocytes, worst of the gliomas, a.k.a. glioblastoma only 5% survive to 5 years, 20% survive 1 year

Answer 42

astrocytoma

Question 43

doctor flexes patient’s neck to chest. Positive will be patient bends both legs at knee

Answer 43

Brudzinki’s Sign

Question 44

fatal within hours of onset, signs are:photophobia, CSF is cloudy with decreased glucose due to pus and bacteria feeding off glucose

Answer 44

bacterial meningitis

Question 45

A pus-filled cavity in brain

Answer 45

abcess

Question 46

Abscess in temporal lobe=

Answer 46

can't hear

Question 47

Abscess in occipital lobe=

Answer 47

can't see

Question 48

CNS infection: headache, fever, nuchal rigidity, papilledema, symptoms of infection and increased intracranial pressure, focal symptoms of inflammation

Answer 48

brain abscess

Question 49

difference between viral meningitis and bacterial

Answer 49

viral=not fatal, normal CSF, lasts 10 days

Question 50

Encephalitis

Answer 50

inflammation of the brain | eg:West Nile virus

Question 51

Meningoencephalitis: starts as meningitis and works way inward

Answer 51

west nile virus

Question 52

African sleeping sickness presentation:

Answer 52

May sleep for days Muscle ache, lethargy Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity

Question 53

African Sleeping sickness vector

Answer 53

Tsitze fly

Question 54

infection of the CNS is differentiated by

Answer 54

Lumbar puncture or spinal tap

Question 55

Lumbar puncture is taken @

Answer 55

L4/5

Question 56

too much fluid from tap drawn too quickly can cause

Answer 56

low pressure headache