NECK

Question 1

the ______ is a normal variant extending superior to the isthmus

Answer 1

pyramidal lobe

Question 2

the ______ of the neck are seen as thin sonolucent bands along the anterior surface of the thyroid

Answer 2

strap muscles

Question 3

the larger ______ are located anterolaterally

Answer 3

sternocleidomastoid muscles

Question 4

posterior to the thyroid is the ______ which is seen as a wedge-shaped sonolucent structure adjacent to the cervical vertebrae

Answer 4

longus colli muscle

Question 5

the ______ is composed of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid vessels

Answer 5

minor neurovascular bundle

Question 6

the strap muscles are ______ to the thyroid

Answer 6

anterior

Question 7

the sternocleidomastoid muscles are ______ to the thyroid

Answer 7

anterolateral

Question 8

the common carotid a. / internal jugular vn are ______ to the thyroid

Answer 8

lateral

Question 9

the minor neurovascular bundle is ______ to the thyroid

Answer 9

posterior

Question 10

the longus colli muscle is ______ to the thyroid

Answer 10

posterior

Question 11

the parathyroid glands are ______ to the thyroid

Answer 11

posterior

Question 12

______ is the most common primary thyroid cancer accounting for 75-80% of all cases

Answer 12

papillary carcinoma

Question 13

______ accounts for 10-20% of thyroid cancer

Answer 13

follicular carcinoma

Question 14

______ cancers tend to spread via the blood stream

Answer 14

follicular

Question 15

______ major route of spread is through the lymphatics

Answer 15

papillary cancer

Question 16

______ cancers account for 5% of all thyroid cancers

Answer 16

medullary

Question 17

medullary carcinoma usually secretes the hormone ______

Answer 17

calcitonin

Question 18

medullary cancer is associated with ______

Answer 18

multiple endocrine neoplasia

Question 19

______ cancers account for 1% of all thyroid cancers. typically occurs in people over 60 and has a poor prognosis

Answer 19

anaplastic

Question 20

features associated with thyroid cancer on US:

Answer 20

microcalcs
solid hypoechogenicity 
irreg margins
absence of halo
intranodule central vascularity
taller than wide

Question 21

the most common cause of a goiter is ______ deficiency

Answer 21

iodine

Question 22

______ is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating antibodies

Answer 22

graves disease

Question 23

graves disease is the most common cause of ______

Answer 23

hyperthyroidism

Question 24

hyperthyroidism will be ______ in TSH and ______ in T3/T4

Answer 24

low

high

Question 25

______ is the most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 25

hashimotos (chronic lymphatic thyroiditis)

Question 26

hypothyroidism will be ______ in TSH and ______ in T4/T3

Answer 26

high | low

Question 27

the presence of ______ is diagnostic of graves disease

Answer 27

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobins (TSI)

Question 28

if graves disease is untreated, it can cause ______

Answer 28

thyrotoxicosis (thyroid strom) - severe weight loss, loss of bone and muscle resulting in cardiac complications and psychocognitive complications

Question 29

______ is seen as an oval hypoechoic mass posterior to the thyroid gland

Answer 29

parathyroid adenoma

Question 30

a ______ level that is increased with a ______ level confirms the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism

Answer 30

serum parthyroid hormone (PTH) | serum calcitonin

Question 31

______ occurs with chronic renal failure.

Answer 31

secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 32

the inability to synthesize vit D depresses the serum calcium level which stimulates ______

Answer 32

parathyroid gland hyperplasia

Question 33

All four parathyroid glands will enlarge with ______

Answer 33

secondary hyperparthyroidism

Question 34

hyperparathyroidism is the most common manifestation of ______ resulting in hyperplasia of all four parathyroid glands

Answer 34

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN type 1)

Question 35

with secondary hyperparthyroidism (parathyroid hyperplasia) serum phosphates will ______ and serum calcium will ______

Answer 35

increase | decrease

Question 36

with primary hyperparathyroidism (parathyroid adenoma) serum parathyroid hormone will ______ and serum calcium will ______

Answer 36

increase | increase

Question 37

the ______ are the largest of the salivary glands and are found anterior to the ear wrapped around the mandibular ramus.

Answer 37

parotid

Question 38

______ drains the parotid into the oral cavity

Answer 38

stensen's duct

Question 39

salivary glands are exocrine glands that secrete saliva and the enzyme ______

Answer 39

amylase

Question 40

the ______ are located beneath the jaw. secretions of these glands enter the oral cavity through ______ ducts

Answer 40

submandibular | wharton's

Question 41

the ______ glands are located beneath the tongue, anterior to the submandibular glands

Answer 41

sublingual

Question 42

the most common superficial midline neck mass typically seen in adolescents associated with an upper respiratory tract infection

Answer 42

thyroglossal duct cyst

Question 43

______ is a solitary, predominantly cystic madd appearing on the lateral aspect of the neck at the angle of the mandible under the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Answer 43

brachial cleft cyst

Question 44

______ is a congenital lymphatic malformation that occurs throughout the body although 75% occur in the neck.

Answer 44

cystic hygroma

Question 45

what are the vessels off of the aortic arch

Answer 45

innominate artery left CCA left subclavian a.

Question 46

the innominate artery is on the ______ side

Answer 46

right

Question 47

the innominate v. occurs on ______ side

Answer 47

both

Question 48

the innominate artery divides into ______ & ______

Answer 48

rt CCA | rt subclavian

Question 49

the ica is ______ & ______

Answer 49

lateral | posterior

Question 50

the eca is ______ & ______

Answer 50

medial | anterior

Question 51

the ICA has a ______ resistive waveform & the ECA has a ______ resistive waveform

Answer 51

low | high

Question 52

the first branch of the ICA is the ______ & the first branch of the ECA is ______

Answer 52

ophthalmic a | superior thyroid a