Neck

Question 1

no body; no spinous process; anterior and posterior arch; anterior and posterior tubercle, transverse foramen for which artery?

Answer 1

C1, vertebral

Question 2

dens or odontoid

Answer 2

C2

Question 3

greater horns of hyoid articulate with?

Answer 3

spine

Question 4

superior cricoid cartilage, anterior arytenoid

Answer 4

thyroid cartilage and laryngeal prominence; adams apple

Question 5

What muscles make up anterior triangle?

Answer 5

superiorly is submandibular muscle, posterior is sternoclenomastoid and midline neck is medial border

Question 6

what does anterior triangle contain?

Answer 6

Submandibular gland, hypoglossal nerve, facial artery, nerve to mylohyoid, lymph nodes, parts of jugular veins, Common carotid artery, external carotid artery, Internal jugular vein, vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis

Question 7

What borders posterior triangle?

Answer 7

sternoclenomastoid, traps, middle clavicle

Question 8

Sternocleidomastoid attachment, innervation, function?

Answer 8

Attachments: Sternum, clavicle, mastoid process
Innervation: Accessory nerve (CN XI)
Function: Extend head, Flex neck, Rotate head

Question 9

Cervical dystonia, spasmodic torticollis, is when your neck muscles contract involuntarily, causing your head to twist or turn to one side. Which muscle is involved?

Answer 9

sternocleiodmastoid

Question 10

What are the infrahyoid muscles and innervations?

Answer 10

Sternohyoid - ansa cervicalis, Sternothyroid - ansacervicalis, Thyrohyoid - C1, Omohyoid - ansa cervicalis

Question 11

What are the suprahyoid muscles?and innervations

Answer 11

Digastric - nerve to myohyoid (CN 3), facial (CN VII), Mylohyoid - CN 3, Stylohyoid - CNVII, Geniohyoid- C1

Question 12

TRUE/FALSE: longus capitus is more medial and superior to Longus Coli?

Answer 12

False: Longus capitis is lateral superior to longus coli

Question 13

Innervation and function of scalenes?

Answer 13

innervation: ventral rami, function: flex neck/head, and raise ribs

Question 14

What does scalene triangle contain?

Answer 14

brachial plexus and subclavian artery

Question 15

Attachments, innervations, and function of longus capitis?

Answer 15

Occipital bone; transverse processes, Innervation: Ventral rami, Function: Flex head

Question 16

Attachments, innervations, and function of longus colli?

Answer 16

Attachment: Anterior tubercle C1, cervical vertebral bodies and transverse processes
Innervation: Ventral rami
Function: Flex neck, Rotation of head to opposite side

Question 17

Branches of aortic arch

Answer 17

brachiocephalic (right common carotid, subclavian), left common carotid, left subclavian

Question 18

What are contents of carotid sheath?

Answer 18

Common and internal carotid arteries
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve
Deep cervical lymph nodes
Sympathetic nerve fibers

Question 19

What is structure of internal carotid artery?

Answer 19

Originates between brachiocephalic trunk and arch of aorta, terminates in the skull through carotid canal

Question 20

What innervates carotid body and sinus

Answer 20

CNIX or glossopharyngeal

Question 21

What are branches of external carotid?

Answer 21

Superior thyroid (Superior laryngeal), Lingual, Facial,
Occipital, Maxillary and Superficial Temporal

Question 22

Origin: Brachiocephalic Trunk (right), Arch of Aorta (left)
Termination: Becomes axillary artery at lateral border of 1st rib. Divided into 3 parts by anterior scalene muscle

Answer 22

subclavian artery

Question 23

Branches of subclavian 1st part

Answer 23

Vertebral, Internal thoracic, dorsal scapular (or comes of transverse cervical)
Thyrocervical trunk:
Inferior thyroid
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular

Question 24

2nd part subclavian

Answer 24

Costocervical trunk
Superior intercostal
Deep cervical

Question 25

Neck veins

Answer 25

Anterior Jugular vein, External jugular vein, Internal jugular vein, Subclavian vein, Left and Right Brachiocephalic veins

Question 26

Origin, Termination, and branches of external jugular vein

Answer 26

Origin: Retromandibular, Posterior auricular Termination: Subclavian vein Tributaries: Transverse cervical, Suprascapular, Anterior jugular

Question 27

Origin, branches, and termination of internal jugular vein?

Answer 27

Begins at jugular foramen Tributaries: Lingual, Superior and middle thyroid Termination: joins with subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

Question 28

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid innervation

Answer 28

CNIX or spinal accessory

Question 29

Intrinsic tongue muscle innervation

Answer 29

hypoglossal or CNXII

Question 30

Thyrohyoid and geniohyoid innervation

Answer 30

C1

Question 31

Posterior and anterior branches of Cervical plexus (C1-C4)

Answer 31

Posterior: Transverse cervical nerve, Lesser occipital, Supraclavicular, Great auricular (sensory) Anterior: Ansa cervicalis (C1) (motor)

Question 32

cervical plexus

Answer 32

Question 33

phrenic nerve in neck

Answer 33

anterior to anterior scalene

Question 34

vagus nerve in neck

Answer 34

posterior to common carotid and internal jugular. Has left recurrent under aorta and right recurrent under subclavian

Question 35

Sympathetic chain and ganglia

Answer 35

superior = C1-2 Middle = C6 inferior = C7

Question 36

rare condition classically presenting with partial ptosis (drooping or falling of upper eyelid), miosis (constricted pupil), vasodilation, and facial anhidrosis (loss of sweating) due to a disruption in the sympathetic nerve supply.

Answer 36

Horner's syndrome

Question 37

lymphatics in the neck

Answer 37

Superficial cervical lymph nodes of external jugular and anterior jugular, Deep cervical lymph nodes of internal jugular. Right side of the head and neck, right upper limb and right side of the thorax drains into the thoracic duct (Junction of subclavian and internal jugular vein)

Question 38

What are arteries and veins for thyroid/ parathyroid gland?

Answer 38

Arteries: Superior thyroid, Inferior thyroid Veins: Superior: drains to internal jugular Middle: drains to internal jugular Inferior: drains to brachiocephalic veins

Question 39

Epiglottis to inferior border of cricoid cartilage Thyrohyoid membrane Superior laryngeal artery Internal laryngeal nerve for vocals and external laryngeal nerve for cricothyroid muscle Cricothyroid membrane

Answer 39

larynx

Question 40

Innervartion of internal laryngeal muscles

Answer 40

recurrent laryngeal

Question 41

constricts the vocal cords

Answer 41

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 42

channel from larynx to bronchi

Answer 42

trachea

Question 43

3 parts of pharynx

Answer 43

Nasopharynx- Base of skull to palate Oropharynx -Palate to epiglottis Laryngopharynx - Epiglottis to level of cricoid cartilage

Question 44

channel from pharynx to stomach

Answer 44

esophagus

Question 45

superficial cervical fascia

Answer 45

platysma

Question 46

3 deep layers of cervical fascia

Answer 46

Investing layer: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, spinal accessory nerve Pretracheal: trachea, esophagus, thyroid gland, pharynx Prevertebral: anterior aspect of cervical vertebrae, deep muscles of neck, floor of posterior triangle, brachial plexus

Question 47

What are two inferior attaching fascias

Answer 47

investing: attaches manubrim pretracheal: connects to pericardium, behing retropharyngeal space

Question 48

Why are fascial planes important in neck?

Answer 48

1. The investing layer of deep cervical fascia helps prevent spread of abscesses. 2. If infection occurs between investing layer of deep fascia and pre tracheal fascia it will not spread beyond the manubrium 2. If infection occurs deep to pre-tracheal fascia it can spread into the thoracic cavity anterior to the pericardium 4. Infections between pre-tracheal and pre-vertebral fascia can enter the mediastinum (posterior or anterior) 5. Air from ruptured trachea or bronchi can ascend into the neck 6. Abscesses in the retropharyngeal space can put pressure on the pharynx and cause difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) or speaking (dysarthria)