Neck

Question 1

What are C1 and C2 called?

Answer 1

C1: atlas
C2: axis

Question 2

What is special about C7?

Answer 2

Has the vertebra prominens

Question 3

Which foramina transversaria do the vertebral arteries pass through?

Answer 3

The vertebral arteries pass through the foramina transversaria of C1 - C6 but BYPASS the transverse foramen of C7.

Question 4

What is the major ligament to prevent hyperextension of the neck?

Answer 4

anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 5

What is the tectorial membrane?

Answer 5

That’s what the posterior longitudinal ligament is called at C1 and C2.

Netter 23

Question 6

What is the function of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 6

prevents hyperflexion of the neck

Question 7

What is the MAJOR preventer of hyperflexion of the neck?

Answer 7

nuchal ligament

Netter 22

Question 8

What level is the cruciate ligament at?

Answer 8

unique to C1 and C2

Netter 23

Question 9

What is the function of the cruciate ligament?

Answer 9

to allow rotation of the skull while preventing damage to the adjacent cervical spinal cord

Question 10

What level is the alar (check) ligament at?

Answer 10

unique to C1

Netter 23

Question 11

What is the function of the alar ligaments?

Answer 11

to prevent over-rotation of the skull

Question 12

What other bones does the hyoid bone articulate with?

Answer 12

NONE

Question 13

What is the function of the hyoid bone?

Answer 13

The hyoid bone is raised (to allow swallowing) and lowered (to allow respiration).

Question 14

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 14

1. mylohyoid
2. stylohyoid
3. geniohyoid
4. digastric

Netter 53

Question 15

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 15

1. sternohyoid
2. omohyoid
3. sternothyroid
4. thyrohyoid

Question 16

What is contained in the superficial compartment?

Answer 16

Platysma muscle

Question 17

What 2 sets of muscles are contained in the deep investing compartment?

Answer 17

1. Within the deep cervical fascia layer:
   SCM
   trapezius
2. Deep to the deep cervical fascia layer:
   the infrahyoid muscles

Question 18

What nerves are contained in the deep investing compartment?

Answer 18

accessory nerve

ansa cervicalis

Question 19

What glands are contained in the deep investing compartment?

Answer 19

submandibular

parotid

Question 20

What muscles are contained in the prevertebral compartment?

Answer 20

anterior group - FLEX

posterior group - EXTEND

Question 21

What nerves are contained in the prevertebral compartment?

Answer 21

phrenic

nerves of the occipital triangle

Question 22

What are the anterior group (flex) muscles of the prevertebral compartment?

Answer 22

longus colli and longus capitus

scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

Question 23

What are the posterior group (extend) muscles of the prevertebral compartment?

Answer 23

1. erector spinae muscles (longissimus, spinalis)
2. deep cervical muscles (splenius, semispinalis capitis)
3. muscles of the occipital triangle (rectus capitis, obliquus capitis)

Question 24

What is in the pretracheal compartment?

Answer 24

thyroid
parathyroid
larynx
trachea
esophagus

Question 25

What is in the carotid compartment?

Answer 25

common carotid artery vagus nerve internal jugular vein

Question 26

What is in the retropharyngeal compartment? Why is it important?

Answer 26

NOTHING is in this compartment - it is a potential route for infections of the throat to spread to the root of the neck and mediastinum.

Question 27

What separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 27

sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 28

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 28

midline, mandible, anterior edge of SCM

Question 29

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 29

clavicle lateral edge of trapezius posterior edge of SCM

Question 30

What are the contents of the root of the neck?

Answer 30

brachiocephalic trunk subclavian artery on the right subclavian artery on the left contents of the pretracheal fascia

Question 31

What are the 2 sub-triangles of the posterior triangle?

Answer 31

1. omoclavicular or subclavian triangle | 2. occipital triangle

Question 32

What is the most important structure of the occipital sub-triangle of the posterior triangle?

Answer 32

the accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 33

What are the 4 sub-triangles of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 33

1. muscular triangle 2. carotid triangle 3. submandibular triangle 4. mental triangle

Question 34

What are the contents of the muscular triangle of the anterior triangle?

Answer 34

infrahyoid muscles | thyroid and parathyroid glands

Question 35

What are the contents of the carotid triangle of the anterior triangle?

Answer 35

carotid sheath and its contents | inferior root of the ansa cerivcalis

Question 36

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle?

Answer 36

submandibular gland

Question 37

What runs along with the common carotid artery and internal jugular vein?

Answer 37

vagus nerve

Question 38

What structure runs on top of the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 38

phrenic nerve

Question 39

What structure emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscles?

Answer 39

trunks of the brachial plexus

Question 40

What does the submandibular gland make a U-shape around?

Answer 40

mylohyoid muscle

Question 41

What structure runs along the posterior belly of the digastric muscle?

Answer 41

hypoglossal nerve

Question 42

What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 42

ansa cervicalis does 3 out of the 4: 1. sternohyoid 2. omohyoid 3. sternothyroid and the 4th is C1: 4. thyrohyoid