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Z MD1 neck anatomy > neck > Flashcards

neck Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 regions of the neck

A

posterior:

vertebral region, posterior triangle, sternocleidomastoid (over SCM muscle)

anterior:

anterior triangle, root of the neck (bottom of SCM region)

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2
Q

what important structures pass through the posterior triangle region of the neck

A

the brachial plexus the cervical plexus subclavian artery accessory nerve

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3
Q

what are the three compartments of the neck

A

vertebral

visceral

vascular

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4
Q

what does the vertebral region of the neck consist of

A

the cervical vertebra and the associated postural muscles

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5
Q

what does the visceral region of the neck consist of

A

trachea, oesophagus, the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands and thymus

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6
Q

what does the vascular region of the neck consist of

A

the fascia that surround the common carotid artery, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve

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7
Q

what are the 5 fascial layers of the neck

A

superficial fascia

investing layer

pretracheal layer

prevertebral layer

carotid sheath

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8
Q

where is the superficial fascia layer of the neck

A

between the skin and the first layer of deep fascia

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9
Q

where is the investing fascial layer of the neck

A

surrounds the sternocleidomastoid muscles and the trapezius muscles (passes both infront and behind them)

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10
Q

where is the prevertebral fascial layer of the neck

A

completely surrounds the posterior compartment of the neck surrounding the vertebra and all surrounding muscles

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11
Q

where is the carotid sheath

A

fascia surrounding the vascular compartment of the neck

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12
Q

what is the clinical relevance of the difference compartments of the neck

A

it allows a pathway for pus/blood/infective material to track up and down

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13
Q

which cervical vertebra contribute to the lordosis of the cervical spine

A

C1-5

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14
Q

which muscles of the neck extend the head on the neck and help maintain cervical lordosis

A

postvertebral muscles

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15
Q

why is it that when you are tired, you tip your head forward

A

because the centre of gravity of the head lies in front of the centre of rotation

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16
Q

which cervical vertebra are “typical” vertebra

A

C3-6

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17
Q

what typical features to C3-6 vertebra show

A
  • body
  • articular column
  • pedicle
  • lamina
  • spinous process
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18
Q

what differences are there in C3-6 vertebra compared to thoracic vertebra, but are common between vertebra C3-6

A
  • transverse foramen
  • anterior and posterior tubercles
  • bifid spinous process
  • uncinate process
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19
Q

what is specific to vertebra C7

A

has the longest spinous process

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20
Q

what is the importance of the transverse foramen in the cervical vertebra

A

bony protection for the vertebral artery

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21
Q

what is the significance of the bifid spnous process of the cervical vertebra

A

allows many muscles to to attach to it (increases the surface area for attachment)

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22
Q

what are the 3 lateral muscles of the neck

A

scalenus medius

scalenus anterior

scalenus posterior

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23
Q

where does the scalenus anterior extend from/to

A

from the anterior tubercle to the first rib

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24
Q

what is the importance of the scalenes muscles

A

between the anterior and medius scalenus muscle is where the subclavian artery and brachial plexus are

  • also phrenic nerve lies on scalenus anterior
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25
where are the prevertebal muscles
located deep to prevertebral fascia
26
which prevertebral muscle maintains the lordosis of the cervical spine
longus colli
27
what is a cervical rib
elongation of the anterior tubercle of C7 that attaches to the sternum
28
what is the significance of a cervical rib
can lead to nerve entrapment of T1 elements on movement (axilla sensation, and hand numbness)
29
which cervical rib has the longest transverse processlas
atlas
30
what is the distinguishing feature of C2 (axis)
has the dens - articulates with the facet on the anterior arch of the atlas
31
where do the nerve roots pass out of the vertebra
C1+C2 = behind the facet joint below C3-7 = infront of the facet joint
32
how can you tell which is internal and which is external carotid artery
external gives off branches and is more anterior while internal has no branches and is more posterior
33
at what cervical level does the common carotid artery bifurcate
C4 vertebra
34
through which cervical vertebra does the vertebral artery run through
C6-C1
35
what is the importance of the thick intervertebral discs in the cervical spine
prevents forward slip and rotation
36
what direction causes cervical disc prolapse
AP direction
37
how many joints at the atlanto-occipital joint
2 lateral synovial joints
38
how many joints at the atlanto-axial joint
3 synovial joints
39
what is the function of the transverse ligament in the cervical spine
stabilises the dens and prevents posterior translation of dens into vertebral canal
40
what is the function of the alar ligaments in the cervical spine
"checks" the range of rotation of atlas around the dens
41
what is the clinical relevance of osteophytes forming from the uncinate processes and facet surfaces of the cervical vertebra
may cause irritation of the nerve roots and occlude the vertebral artery
42
what is the hangmans fracture
extension fracture of the cervical spine through both the pedicles
43
where does the neck extend from/to, both anteriorly and posteriorly
anterioly: from the lower border of the mandible to the manubrium posteriorly - from the superior nuchal line down to C7-T1 disc
44
where is the superior nuchal line
the little lines that extend out either side from the external occipital protrubrence
45
which structures are contained in the superficial fascia
platysma - thin sheet of muscle that blends with the facial muscles anterior and external jugular vein
46
what are the two fascia of the pretracheal fascia
pretracheal fascia buccopharyngeal fascia
47
what is the importance of the pretracheal fascia
it extends up to the hyoid bone - everything that is in the pretracheal fascia will move up and down with swallowing
48
what is contained within the carotid sheath
common carotid vagus nerve internal jugular vein
49
what are the borders of the anterior triangle
- SCM infront - the inferior border of the mandible - the midline of the neck
50
what are the borders of the posterior triangle
- behind SCM - infront of trapezius - above the middle third of the neck
51
what are the anterior muscles of the neck
suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
52
in what compartment are the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
lie between the investing fascia and the pretracheal fascia
53
what is the function of the suprahyoid muscles
elevation of the hyoid and the larynx
54
what is the function of the infrahyoid muscles
anchor the hyoid bone above down to the sternum or clavicle or scapula = function to depress the hyoid and larynx
55
what innervates the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles
the anterior rami of cervical nerves
56
at what cervical level does the common carotid bifurcate
C3/4 - upper border of thyroid cartilage
57
what are the 6 branches of the external carotid artery
- superior thyroid artery (ant) - lingual artery (ant) - facial artery (ant) - posterior auricular artery (post) - occipital artery (post) - ascending pharyngeal artery (deep)
58
internal jugular vein... - is it medial or lateral to the external carotid artery in the carotid sheath?
lateral
59
at what cervical level is the isthmus
runs anterior to tracheal cartilages 2, 3 and 4
60
is the thyroid gland anterior or deep to the strap muscles
deep
61
what clinical presentations can goitre cause
- respiratory obstruction - dysphagia - hoarse voice - venous distention
62
explain the arterial supply of the thyroid
paired superior thyroid arteries and paired inferior thyroid arteries (single thyroid ima artery in 10% of people)
63
what are the origins of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries
superior - 1st branch of the external carotid artery inferior - branch of subclavian artery
64
explain the venous drainage of the thyroid
superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
65
the foramen caecum on the tongue marks..
the site of origin of the thyroid gland
66
what is accessory thyroid tissue
can have nodules anywhere along the migration path of the thyroid gland
67
what are the main branches of the subclavian artery in the neck
vetebral artery thyrocervical trunk
68
which nerve roots form the cervical plexus
C1-4
69
lymph drainage of the neck
superficial cervical nodes deep cervical nodes
70
4 nerves of the anterior triangle
CNIX, CNX, CNXI, (through jugular foramen) and CNXII (Through hypoglossal canal)
71
how can you tell which nerve is which in the anterior triangle
CNIX - passes forwards after giving off a branch to the carotid sinus CNX - descends in the carotid sheath CNXI - heads backwards CNXII - passes forwards between carotid artery and jugular vein
72
if the hypoglossal nerve is damaged, which way does the tongue deviate
towards the affected side
73
what columns of the vagus nerve innervate the neck
somatic sensory - mucous membrane of the larynx branchial motor - muscles of pharynx, larynx and soft palate
74
what is the ligament called between the atlas and the occipital bone
posterior atlnato-occipital membrane
75
what are the ligaments between the axis and the occipital bone
- membrana tectoria - anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
76
what is the posterior ligament of the cervical spine
ligamentum nucahe

Z MD1 neck anatomy (1 decks)

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