Neck Flashcards
(24 cards)
What are the 5 neck regions
- Back of neck/vertebral
- Posterior triangle
- Sternomastoid region
- Anterior triangle
- Root of the neck
What are the 5 layers of fascia
Superficial, Investing, prevertebral, pretracheal and carotid sheath
What structures run through the Carotid sheaths
Internal carotid artery, internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve
Features of typical cervical vertebrae (6)
Transverse mass for A and P tubercles, transverse foramen, bifid spinous process, C7 has longest spinous process, articular surfaces 45 degrees from each other and vertebral surfaces have uncinate processes
Lateral vertebral mucles
Scalenes (A, medial and P)
What astructures pass through or sit on the anterior scalene
Brachial plexus and subclavian artery through and the phrenic nerve on
Features of the Atlas
No body, facet for dens, longest transverse process in body, has saucer shape facets for occipital bone articulation, involved in the movement of the cranium
Features of the Axis
There for support of the atlas and its movements, Dens, strong spinous process, the atlas will rotate around the axis and the dens
Important nervous and vasculature landmarks
○ Bifurcation of CCA at C4, thyroid cartilage
○ Transverse foraminae (C1-C6) even though there is a foramen at C7
○ Anterior tubercle at C6 can compress and therefore known as the carotid tubercle
Names of the important ligaments
○ Anterior longditudinal § Anterior A-O membrane ○ Posterior longditudinal § Membrana Tectoria ○ Ligamentum flavun § Posterior A-O membrane ○ Supraspinatus ligament § Ligament nuchae Transverse ligament to hold in dens and the alar ligament to connect C2 to occipital
Important Joints
Atlanto-occipital, 2 synovial joints to move the neck in AP direction
Atlanto-axis has 3 synovial joints and acts as a stabilizing joint. Also has 50% of rotation around the Dens
What are the 4 compartments of the neck
Visceral, vertebral, trachael and vascular
What veins drain the superficial neck
The External and the Anterior Jugular
What fascia comprise the visceral compartment
Buccopharyngeal and Pre-tracheal
What is significant about the pre-tracheal fascia attaching to the hyoid bone
When patient swallows, everything in the pre-tracheal fascia will move upwards, hence tumours of tyhroid will move up
Complications of thyroid tumour
Hoarse voice, compressed oesophgus, IVC and trachea
What are the borders of the anterior triangle
Below the mandible and anterior to SCM
What are the borders of the posterior triangle
Anterior to trapezios and posterior to SCM
Muscles of the anterior triangle
Suprahyoid and infrahyoid and they lie in-between the investing and prevertebral fascia
6 branches of the ECA
Anterior - superior thyroid, Facial and lingual
Posterior - posterior auricular and occipital
Deep - ascending pharyngeal
Direction of the nerves in Anterior triangle
CNIX - forward with branch to carotid sinus
CNX - downwards
CNXI - Posterior
CNXII - different origin and will pass inbetween carotid and jugular
Anatomy of the thyroid
Two lateral lobes connected by a thin medial isthmus
Muscles of the Posterior Triangle
Scalenus A, M and P + erector spinae that are surrounded by pre-vertebral fascia
Neurology of the Posterior Triangle
CNXI will pass from anterior, run on SCM, then over levator scapuli and then into trapezious, also the cervical plexus (C1-C4) which the most important branch is phrenic (C3,4 and 5). Will have a deep (Ansa cervicalis to hyoid muscles) and will have a suprficial branch to skin of scalp and neck
