Neck Flashcards
(115 cards)
0
Q
deep cervical fascia of neck
A
investing layer, pretracheal layer, prevertebral layer, carotid sheath, buccopharyngeal, retropharyngral space
1
Q
Superficial fascia of neck
A
cervical subcutaneous tissue
2
Q
what is the purpose of fascia of neck?
A
contain infection, abscess , pathology
3
Q
what does the cervical subcutaneous tissue contain?
A
platysma muscle
4
Q
what does the investing layer contain?
A
SCM & trapezius muscles
5
Q
what does the pretracheal layer contain?
A
muscle: infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles
visceral: larynx, trachea, pharynx
6
Q
what does the prevertebral layer contain?
A
prevertebral muscles & scalenes
7
Q
what does the carotid sheath contain?
A
common carotid a.
internal carotid a.
internal jugular v.
CN 10 vagus nerve
8
Q
what is retropharyngeal space?
A
protective space essential for swallowing and potential space for swelling
area btwn prevertebral and pretracheal visceral fascia
9
Q
what does buccopharyngeal fascia create?
A
retropharyngeal space
it is continuous with pretracheal fascia visceral portion
10
Q
4 neck views radiologically
A
lateral
AP view
AP open mouth
R/L oblique
11
Q
neural foramen is also called
A
intervetebral foramen
12
Q
Describe the CN that supplies larynx
A
CN 10 vagus - 3 portions
- superior laryngeal nerve breaks into internal and external
- recurrent laryngeal nerve continues down and loops under (R subclavian artery) or (L aortic arch)
- inferior laryngeal nerve is a continuation of the recurrent loop and supplies all muscles of larynx except cricoid thyroid
13
Q
describe top middle bottom of esophagus
A
top 1/3 striated voluntary muscle
middle mixed
bottom 1/3 smooth involuntary muscle
14
Q
Most common CN injury during surgery
A
CN 11
15
Q
Most common birth defect
A
tracheo-esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia (TEF)
bottom of esophagus ends in pouch and superior end ends in trachea
16
Q
define dysphagia
A
problems swallowing
17
Q
most common complaint of esophageal cancer
A
dysphagia
18
Q
most common diagnostic tool (referring to esophageal issues)
A
esophagoscopy
19
Q
Most common area of of neck for injury
A
zone II cricoid cartilage-mandible
20
Q
CN 5 supplies
A
mylohyoid and digastric anterior
21
Q
CN 7 supplies
A
platysma, stylohyoid, digastric posterior
22
Q
CN 11 supplies
A
SCM, trapezius
23
Q
Ansa cervicalis supplies
A
sternohyoid, sternothryoid, omohyoid
24
CN 12 supplies
thyrohyoid, geniohyoid
25
CN 10 supplies
larynx
26
structures of posterior neck
upper trap
sub occipital region
c7 spinous process
27
structures of lateral neck
```
upper trap
scm (sternal/clavicular attachments)
external jugular vein
supraclavicular fossa
subclavian artery
```
28
structures of anterior neck
```
scm
hyoid bone
laryngeal prominence
thyroid cartilage
thyroid notch
cricoid cartilage
thyroid gland (and isthmus)
jugular notch/suprasternal notch
```
29
keystone of the neck is called the
hyoid bone
30
cervical spine is evaluated as "__" exam vs "__" exam
upper back / neck
31
name and movement of C1
atlas- NODDING "YES"
32
Name and movement of C2
axis SHAKING head NO
33
landmarks of hyoid
greater horn/cornu
lesserhorn cornu
no articulation with other bones *
34
special landmark of c1 and c2
c1 has posterior arch
| c2 has dens
35
landmarks of AP view radiograpy
spinous process
| tracheal shadow
36
landmarks of lateral view radiography
c1-c7, posterior arch, c2-c7 spinous processes
37
landmarks of ap open mouth view radiography
dens
| body of c2
38
landmark of oblique view radiography
neural foramen/intervertebral foramen
39
superficial muscles of neck
platysma, scm, upper trapezius
40
infrahyoid muscles of neck
sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid (superior and inferior)
41
suprahyoid muscles of neck
mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric (anterior and posterior)
42
prevertebral muscles of the neck
scalenes, splenius capitis, levator scapula, longus colli/capitis, rectus capitis anterior and lateralis
43
Platysma:
attachment
action
innervation
face muscle in cutaneous layer of skin
facial expressions
CN 7 facial nerve
44
SCM
attachment
action
innervation
mastoid process to clavicle and sternum
unilateral contraction and bilateral contraction (tilt and look up, chin into chest, Egyptian movement)
CN 11
45
Upper Trap
attachment
action
innervation
n/a
similar to SCM move shoulders up and down and around (tilt head, Egyptian)
CN 11
46
Sternohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
"strap muscles"-very flat
sternum to hyoid and is most superficial
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis c1-c3 loop of nerve
47
Sternothyroid
attachment
action
innervation
sternum to thyroid
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis
48
Thyrohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
thyroid cartilage to hyoid
depress hyoid
CN 12 c1 hypoglossal nerve
49
Omohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
scapula to hyoid superior/inferior bellies
depress hyoid
ansa cervicalis
50
Mylohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
mandible to hyoid (floor)
elevate hyoid
CN 5
51
Geniohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
mandible to hyoid sits on myohyoid in 2 strips
elevates hyoid
CN 12
52
Stylohyoid
attachment
action
innervation
styloid process to hyoid bone- splits over digastric
elevates hyoid
CN 7
53
Digastric
attachment
action
innervation
mastoid process to hyoid (slings here) to mandible
elevates hyoid
anterior belly = CN 5 posterior belly = CN 7
54
```
attachment of scalenes:
anterior
middle
posterior
action of scalenes:
anterior
middle
posterior
```
1st rib
1st rib
2nd rib
flexes head
flexes head laterally
flexes head laterally
55
describe Brachial plexus and Phrenic nerve
brachial plexus is a network of nerves comes thru anterior and middle scalenes
phrenic nerve supplies diaphragm comes thru anterior and middle scalenes
56
```
splenius capitis - ID
deferred until module 4
```
V in back of neck
57
```
levator scapula
deferred until module 4
```
floor of posterior triangle
58
longus colli/capitis
attachment
action
vertebrae to vertebrae
| deep neck flex
59
rectus capitis ID
anterior and lateralis
60
location and function of thyroid gland
deep to infrahyoid muscles - growth, metabolism and calcium homeostasis
61
function and location of parathyroid gland
calcium/phosphate regulation
| 2 pairs = 4 on posterior thyroid lobes
62
palatopharyngeal and constrictor pharyngeals - ID ?
ID?
63
what are the endocrine viscera of neck?
thyroid and parathyroid
64
what are the alimentary viscera of neck?
pharynx and esophagus
65
what are the muscles of the pharynx
constrictor pharyngeal superior, middle, inferior
| palatopharyngeal
66
nasopharynx location
superior to soft palate
67
oropharynx location
soft palate to epiglottis
68
Laryngopharynx location
epiglottis to cricoid cartilage
69
structures of pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngropharynx
| esophagus, epiglottis, uvula, nasal septum
70
structures of respiratory viscera
larynx
| trachea
71
structures of the larynx
```
thyroid cartilage lamina
thyroid notch
laryngeal prominence
cricoid cartilage
thyroid membrane
epiglottis
```
72
Branches of aortic arch
brachiocephalic trunk
left common carotid
left subclavian
73
branches of common carotid artery
external common carotid
| internal common carotid
74
4 of 8 branches of the external common carotid artery
superior thyroid
facial artery
maxillary artery
superficial temporal
75
3 of 4 branches of subclavian srtery
vertebral artery
thyrocervical trunk
costocervical trunk
76
structures involved in venous circulation of neck
internal jugular vein
external jugular vein
anterior jugular vein
subclavian vein
77
lymph node pathway of head/neck
drain into junction IJV and brachiocephalic vein (R - right lymphatic duct) (L - thoracic duct)
78
what are the 2 nerve plexuses of cervical region?
```
cervical plexus (c1-c4)
brachial plexus (c5-t1)
```
79
3 subdivisions of the cervical plexus
cutaneous branches
phrenic nerve
ansa cervicalis
80
4 cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
suprascapular
81
2 motor branches of cervical plexus
```
phrenic nerve (c3-c5)
ansa cervicalis
```
82
ansa cervicalis supplies..
directly
indirectly
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
83
which CN descend in the neck?
CN 10 vagus
CN 11 accessory
CN 12 hypoglossal
84
Identify pathway to get to internal skull/CNS
internal carotid artery
85
identify pathway to external skull
external carotid artery ->superficial temporal
86
identify structures in carotid sheath
IJV ICA CCA vagus CN 10
87
what are the branches of the aortic arch?
brachiocephalic trunk
L common carotid A
L subclavian A
88
we find _ and _ at the bifurcation of CCA into internal and external carotid arteries
```
carotid sinus (baroreceptors) (IJV)
carotid body (chemoreceptors)
```
89
describe vertebral artery
enters skull at foramen magnum where it loops and meets with ICA to form basal artery at the circle of willis (ICA supplies anterior and Vertebral A supplies posterior)
90
branches of thyrocervical trunk
inferior thyroid
ascending cervical
transverse cervical
suprascapular
91
branches of costocervical trunk
deep cervical artery
92
what drains into brachiocephalic vein?
Lsubclavian and R IJV
93
what drains into subclavian vein?
AJV and EJV
94
what drains into IJV?
face and internal skull/cns veins
95
what drains into AJV?
facial and neck veins
96
what drains into EJV
facial and scalp veins
97
what do the brachiocephalic trunks drain into?
Superior vena cava
98
where do lymphnodes from head and neck drain into?
R- right lymphatic duct
L- thoracic duct
^ these drain into the junction of the IJV and brachiocephalic vein
99
list the major lymph nodes of the neck
```
occipital
post auricular
pre auricular /parotid
jugulodigastric
submandibular
submental
lateral superficial cervical
anterior superficial cervical
lateral deep cervical
anterior deep cervical
supraclavicular/transverse cervical
```
100
identify 2 nerve plexuses of neck
```
cervical nerves (c1-4)
brachial plexus (c5-t1)
```
101
where do we see the brachial plexus exit?
btwn anterior and middle scalenes
102
brachial plexus supplies...
motor/sensory UE (idk what ue is)
103
phrenic nerve exits
anterior to anterior scalenes
104
phrenic nerve supplies
diaphragm
105
phrenic nerve C#-c#
c3 c4 c5 to survive
106
what are 3 divisions of the cervical plexus?
cutaneous, phrenic, ansa cervicalis
107
what are 4 branches of cutaneous
lesser occipital
greater auricular
transverse cervical
suprascapular
108
what does the cutaneous branch of cervical plexus supply?
skin of neck/lower head
109
identify two roots of ansa cervicalis
inferior and superior
110
how many muscles does the ansa cervicalis supply - directly? indirectly? name them
direct: omohyoid (superior and inferior), sternohyoid, sternothyroid (3)
indirect: thyrohyoid
111
ID cranial nerves in neck
vagus CN10
accessory CN11
hypoglossal CN12
112
arterial circulation starting with aorta (after first branch just do R side)
aorta-brachiocephalic trunk R (or L CCA and L subclavian)-R subclavian and R CCA:
Subclavian-costocervical-deep cervical
Subclavian-thyrocervical-supra scapular cervical or transverse cervical or ascending cervical or inferior thyroid
subclavin-vertebral A
```
CCA- internal or external carotid artery
internal-goes to cns
ECA: superior thyroid
ECA:facial
ECA:maxillary
ECA:superficial temporal
```
113
venous circulation of neck (R side until u get to last two branches)
face&scalp->EJV-
+--subclavin
face&neck->AJV-
+---> R brachiocephalic trunk + L b.trunk-->
face&internalskull/cns->IJV
-->superior vena cava!
114
which vein is major drainage and where is it located?
under SCM is the IJV
