Neck Flashcards
(22 cards)
Spinal accessory nerve
Passes deep to the SCM, supplying it before entering the lateral cervical region at or inferior to the junction of the superior and middle thirds of the posterior border of the SCM.
Suprascapular nerve
Arises from the superior trunk of the brachial plexus, runs across her lateral cervical region to supply the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula
Also sends articular branches to the glenohumeral joint
Lesser occipital nerve
(C2) supplying the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperior to the auricle
Great auricular nerve
(C2 & C3), ascending vertically across the SCM onto the parotid gland, where it divides and supplies the skin and sheath over the gland, posterior aspect of triangle, and the area of the skin overlying the angle of the mandible to the mastoid process
Transverse cervical nerve
(C2 & C3), supplying the skin coveting the anterior cervical region: the nerve curves around the middle of the posterior border of the SCM and passes anteriorly and horizontally across it, deep to the external jugular vein (EJV) and platysma
Supraclavicular nerves
(C3 &C4) emerge as s common trunk under cover of the SCM and send small branches to the skin of the neck and cross the clavicle to supply the skin over the shoulder
Regions of the neck
SCM region
Posterior cervical region
Lateral cervical region/posterior triangle
Anterior cervical region
Major landmark of the posterior region ?
Descending part of trapezius
Borders of the posterior triangle
Anterior superior border provinces of the trapezius
Posterior border of SCM
Inferior border of the clavicle
**suboccipital triangle in the posterior triangle region
Phrenic nerve
Originates chiefly from the C4 nerve but also has contributions from the C3 and C5 nerves
Forms at the anterior scalene muscle at the level of the superior border of the thyroid cartilage
Contains sensory, motor, and parasympathetic nerve fibers
Main nerve innervating diaphragm
Accessory phrenic nerve
Contribution from C5
Joins the phrenic nerve in the root of the neck or the thorax
External jugular vein (EJV)
Begins near the angle of the mandible (inferior to the auricle of the external ear) by the Union of the posterior division of the retromandibular vein and the posterior auricular vein
Crosses the SCM obliquely, deep to the platysma, and pierces the investing layer of deep cervical fasciae, which forms the roof of the region at the posterior border of the SCM
Subclavian vein
Major venous channel draining the upper limb
Courses through the inferior part of the lateral cervical region, passing anterior to the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve
Brachiocephalic vein
Formed by the junction of the subclavian vein to the internal jugular vein posterior to the medial end of the clavicle
Lateral cervical region arteries
Cervicodorsal trunk (transverse cervical artery)
Suprascapular artery
Part of the occipital artery
Third part of the subclavian artery
Cervicodorsal trunk (transverse cervical artery)
Originates from the thyrocervical trunk (branch of subclavian artery) and divides into the superficial cervical and dorsal scapular arteries
Runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle two to three cm superior to the clavicle
Then crosses the trunk of the brachial plexus supplying branches of the vasa nervosum and passing deep to the trapezius
Suprascapular artery
Arises from the transverse cervical artery or directly from the subclavian artery, and crosses the third part of the subclavian artery and the cords of the brachial plexus
Then passes posterior to the clavicle to supply muscles on the posterior aspect of the scapula
Occipital artery
Branch of the external carotid artery, crosses the apex of the lateral cervical triangle ascending to supply the posterior half of the scalp
Third part of the subclavian artery
Supplies blood to the upper limb
Begins superior to the clavicle opposite the lateral border of the anterior scalene muscle
Lies posterosuperior to the subclavian vein in the inferior part of the lateral cervical region
**felt via deep pressure in the omiclaviular triangle superior to the clavicle
Artery in contact with 1st rib so compression of the artery can control bleeding of the upper limb
Platysma
Origin : inferior border of the mandible,skin, and subcutaneous tissue of the lower face
Insertion : fasciae covering superior parts of the pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
Innervation : cervical branch of facial nerve (CN VII)
Action : draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright ; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched indicating tension
Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
Origin : lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of the superior nuchal line
Insertion : sternal head (rounded tendon ) - anterior surface of
manubrium of sternum
clavicular head (thicker) - superior surface of medial third of
clavicle
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve (CN XI : motor) C2 & C3 nerves
Action : unilateral contraction - tilts head to same side (same side
lateral flexion) and rotates it so face is turned superiorly
towards opposite site
bilateral contraction -1. extends head at atlanto-occipital joints
2. Flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin
approaches manubrium
3. Extends superior cervical vertebrae
while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin
is thrust forward with head kept level
*with cervical vertebrae fixed, may elevate manubrium and medial end of clavicles, assisting pump-handle action of deep respiration l
Omohyoid
Origin : superior border of the scapular near the suprascapular notch
Insertion : inferior border of hyoid
Innervation: C1-C3 by a branch of the ansa cervicalis
Action : depresses, retracts, and steadies hyoid
