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Additional Lectures Neuro T1 > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Vertebral level C3-C4

A

Body of hyoid bone

Upper margin of thyroid cartilage

Bifurcation of Common carotid a

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2
Q

Vertebral Level of C5-C6

A

Arch of cricoid cartilage, superior esophagus and superior trachea

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3
Q

Posterior Triangle Boarders

A

SCM, Trapezius, and Clavicle

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4
Q

Posterior Triangle Floor

A

Splenius Capitis, semispinalis capitis, Scalenes, Levator scapula

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5
Q

Posterior Triangle Arteries

A

Thyrocervical gives off two branches:

Transverse Cervical A

  • deep (dorsal scapular s)
  • superficial

Suprascapular A

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6
Q

Posterior Triangle Veins

A

External Jugular Vein
-blood from posterior retromandibular v and posterior auricular v anterior to SCM
—drains into subclavian v

Subclavian v
-combines with internal jugular v to form brachiocephlaic v

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7
Q

Posterior Triangle Cutaneous N

A

Lesser Occipital:
-Skin of neck and scalp behind ear

Great Auricular:
-jaw muscle and ear

Transverse Cervical:
-skin of anterior neck

Suprascapular:
-skin over clavicle and shoulder

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8
Q

Posterior Triangle Motor N

A

Spinal Accessory N (CN XI)
-SCM and Trapezius M

Phrenic
-in front of ant. Scalene m, supplies diaphragm (C3, C4, C5)

Roots of Brachial Plexus

Ansa Cervicalis: in fascia over carotid sheath

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9
Q

Most commonly damaged nerve in posterior triangle?

A

Spinal Accessory N.

-most commonly accidentally cut during surgery

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10
Q

Torticollis

A

Shortening of SCM; head tilts toward, and turns face away from affected side

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11
Q

Submandibular Triangle (boarders, floor, contents)

A

Boarders: mandible above, a and p bellies of digastric m

Floor: mylohyoid, hypoglossus m, and middle pharyngeal constrictor m

Content:

  • Submandibular gland and LN
  • Hypoglossal N and N to mylohyoid m
  • Part of Facial A and V
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12
Q

Submental Triangle (boarders, floor, contents)

A

Boarders: Most anterior and middle!
-hyoid, midline of neck, anterior belly of digastric m

Floor: mylohyoid m

Contents:

  • submental LN
  • Veins that form anterior jugular v
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13
Q

Muscular Triangle Boarders

A

Omohyoid, SCM, and Median plane of neck

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14
Q

Muscular Triangle Muscles

A

Sternohyoid (from sternum to hyoid)

Sternothyroid (sternum to thyroid)

Thyrohyoid: from thyroid to hyoid

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15
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: viscera

A

Thyroid glands, parathyroid glands, larynx, trachea, and espophagus

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16
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: Arteries

A

Common carotid a, superior thyroid a (from external carotid), inferior thyroid a (from throcervical trunk)

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17
Q

Muscular Triangle Contents: Nerves

A

Ansa cervicalis, external laryngeal n (from superior laryngeal n), recurrent laryngeal n (from vagus, forms inferior laryngeal n)

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18
Q

Carotid Triangle Boarders

A

Superior Belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, and SCM

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19
Q

Carotid Triangle Floor

A

thyrohyoid, hypoglossus, middle and inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx

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20
Q

Carotid Triangle: Carotid Sheath

A

Common and internal carotid arteries, internal jugular v, vagus n, deep cervical LN, carotid sinus n, sympathetic n fibers

Ansa cervicalis anterior or embedded within

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21
Q

Carotid Triangle Contents: Arteries

A

Branches of external carotid a

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22
Q

Carotid Triangle N

A

Internal and external laryngeal n, hypoglossal n, spinal accessory n, and ansa cervicalis

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23
Q

Carotid Triangle Vasculature

A

Superior Thyroid: gives rise to superior laryngeal a, supplies thyroid

Ascending Pharyngeal: only medial branch

Lingual A:anterior to middle pharyngeal constrictor, deep to hypoglossal n and stylohyoid m

Facial A: gives rise to ascending palatine a and tonsillar a, found deep to submandibular glands

Occipital A: passes superficial to ICA and hypoglossal n

Posterior auricular A: ascends between external acoustic meats and mastoid process

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24
Q

External carotid terminates as..

A

Maxiallary a and superficial temporal a in the face

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25
Carotid Sinus
Bulge in the internal carotid A | -acts as baroreceptor for BP
26
Carotid Body
Mass of tissue that receives inner action from Glossopharyngeal N (CN XI) -acts as chemoreceptor
27
Vagus N Branches
Pharyngeal Branch Superior laryngeal - internal branch - external branch
28
Thoracic Inlet
Superior thoracic aperture where food and air enter INTO
29
Thoracic Outlet
Clinician reference where arteries and nerves come OUT of
30
Contents of Thoracic Outlet/Inlet
Apex of lung, subclavian a and v, brachial plexus, vagus n, phrenic n, thoracic duct, right lymphatic duct, sympathetic chain, trachea and esposphagus
31
CN: Phrenic N
Sole supplier of diaphragm - MUST be identified during surgery - arises in neck, so if injury below the neck then person can still breath
32
Cervical Plexus
Anterior Rami of C1-C4 Superficial-Sensory -Lesser Occipital, Great Auricular, Supraclavicular, Transverse Cervical Deep-motor -Phrenic and Ansa Cervicalis
33
Sympathetic Trunk
Extends to C1 or base of Skull Made up of three ganglion: Superior C1-C2 Middle C6, smallest Inferior C7 T process -80% fuses with stellate ganglion
34
Superficial Fascia and Platysma
Subcutaneous layer -contains cutaneous n, blood and lymph vessels, LN, fat
35
Platysma M
Muscle of Facial expression, therefore innervated by Facial N (CN VII)
36
Investing Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Most Superficial, incloses SCM and Trapezius - encloses parotid and submandibular glands - attaches to occipital and temporal bones, zygomatic arches - extends into manubrium
37
Pretracheal Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Located anterior neck region only, blends with pericardium of heart
38
Prevertebral Layer of Deep Cervical Fascia
Encloses vertebral Column and muscles | -extends laterally as axillary sheath and from cranial base into mediastinum
39
Retropharyngeal Space
Posterior to pharynx, bound by buccopharyngeal fascia, prevertebral fascia, and carotid sheaths laterally -extends from skull to mediastinum
40
Retropharyngeal Abscess
Develops secondary to lymphatic drainage, or contiguous spread of upper respiratory infections - can cause swelling, difficultly in swallowing and speech - can be life threatening
41
Thyroid Gland Location
Deep tp sternothyroid and sternohyoid m | -C5-T1 level
42
Thyroid Gland Arterior and Venous Supply
Arteries: - superior and inferior thyroid - thyroid ima artery: found in 10%; be aware during tracheotomy Veins: -superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins from thyroid plexus of veins
43
Larynx
At C3-C6, connected to pharynx and trachea | -helps talk and breath
44
Thyroid Cartilage Features
Located at C4 - laminae in front, - laryngeal prominence (Adams apple) - superior thyroid notch - superior and inferior thyroid horns
45
Cricoid cartilage features
Located at C6 - signet ring in front with laminae in back - arch above signet ring
46
Laryngeal Spaces: laryngeal Cavity
Extends laryngeal inlet, communicates w laryngopharynx, to inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage; -continuous w trachea
47
Laryngeal Spaces: laryngeal vestibule
Between laryngeal inlet and vestibular folds
48
Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal Ventricle
Between vestibular and vocal folds
49
Laryngeal Spaces: Infraglottic cavity
Between vocal folds and inferior boarder of cricoid cartilage
50
Laryngeal Spaces: Roma glottidis
Between vocal folds
51
Cricothyroid (innervation and action)
Innervated by external laryngeal n Stretches and tenses vocal ligament
52
Thyro-arytenoid M (innervation and action)
Innervated by inferior laryngeal n Relaxes vocal ligament
53
Posterior crico-arytenoid Ligament (innervation and action)
Innervated by inferior laryngeal n ONLY ABDUCTOR OF VOCAL FOLDS
54
Lateral Crico-arytenoid M (innervation and action)
Innervated by inferior laryngeal N Adducts vocal folds
55
Transverse and oblique arytenoids (innervation and action)
Innervated by inferior laryngeal n Adducts vocal folds
56
Vocalis M (innervation and action)
Innervated by inferior pharyngeal N Relaxes posterior vocal ligament, while maintaining tension on anterior part
57
Superior laryngeal A
Supplies superior larynx above vocal folds
58
Inferior Laryngeal a
Accompanies inferior laryngeal nerve | -supplies inferior larynx below vocal folds
59
Superior Laryngeal N
Branches into internal and external branches Internal branch: -sensory above folds external branch -innervated cricothyroid m
60
Inferior laryngeal N
Terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal n Sensory and Motor -all intrinsic muscles besides cricothyroid Sensory below vocal folds
61
Occipital LN
Drain posterior scalp and neck Passes to superficial cervical LN
62
Mastoid LN
Posterolateral half of scalp Passes to superficial cervical nodes
63
Pre-auricular LN and Parotid LN
Drains anterior ear, anterolateral scalp, upper half of face Passes to deep cervical nodes
64
Submandibular LN
Follows facial artery, drains parties of mouth Passes to deep cervical nodes
65
Submental LN
Drains lower lip, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth Passes to deep cervical nodes
66
Superficial Cervical LN
Receive lymph from occipital and mastoid LN, will pass to deep cervical LN
67
Deep Cervical LN
Jugulodigastric: most superior of deep LN Jugular-omohyoid: associated w lower deep cervical LN
68
Right Lymph Duct
Right side of chest, UE, neck, and head
69
Thoracic Duct
Left side of head, chest, and neck, and UE and both LEs

Additional Lectures Neuro T1 (11 decks)

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