Neck

Question 1

General function of posterior compartment muscles of neck

Answer 1

extensors

Question 2

General function of lateral compartment muscles of neck

Answer 2

flex neck laterally

Question 3

General function of anterior compartment muscles of neck

Answer 3

flex head and neck

Question 4

Contents of carotid sheath

Answer 4

1) common and internal carotid arteries
2) internal jugular vein
3) vagus nerve

Question 5

Posterior to carotid sheath in lateral compartment

Answer 5

sympathetic chain

Question 6

Innervation of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 6

Accessory Nerve (XI)

Question 7

Innervation of Scalenus Anterior/Medius

Answer 7

branches of ventral rami of cervical spinal nerves

Question 8

Innervation of omohyoid

Answer 8

ansa cervicalis nerve

Question 9

Innervation of sternohyoid

Answer 9

ansa cervicalis nerve

Question 10

Innervation of sternothyroid

Answer 10

ansa cervicalis nerve

Question 11

Innervation of thyrohyoid

Answer 11

C1 via branch hitchhiking with Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Question 12

Action of sternoclediomastoid

Answer 12

Flex neck (bilaterally) or rotate head to face opposite direction (unilaterally)

Question 13

Action of scalenus anterior/medius

Answer 13

flex neck and elevate rib 1

Question 14

Action of omohyoid

Answer 14

depress hyoid bone

Question 15

Action of sternohyoid

Answer 15

depress hyoid bone

Question 16

Action of sternothyroid

Answer 16

depresses thyroid cartilage, indirectly depresses hyoid bone, larynx

Question 17

Action of thyrohyoid

Answer 17

depresses hyoid bone, elevates larynx

Question 18

Two heads of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 18

clavicular and sternal

Question 19

Torticollis

Answer 19

Condition caused by contracture of sternocleidomastoid; face turned to opposite side

Question 20

What can be clinically-accessed between the sternal and clavicular heads of sternocleidomastoid

Answer 20

internal jugular vein

Question 21

Palpated in anterior triangle below cricoid cartilage, medial to sternocleidomastoid

Answer 21

thyroid gland

Question 22

Location of deep cervical chain of lymph nodes

Answer 22

deep to sternocleidomastoid

Question 23

Lateral neck mass (what is it and where)

Answer 23

branchial cyst located anterior to sternocleidomastoid

Question 24

Midline neck mass

Answer 24

thyroglossal duct cysts

Question 25

Courses on surface of scalenus anterior muscle

Answer 25

phrenic nerve

Question 26

Roots of the phrenic nerve

Answer 26

C3-5

Question 27

Two structures passing between the Scalenus Anterior and Scalenus Medius

Answer 27

1) brachial plexus | 2) subclavian artery

Question 28

Function of the suprahyoid muscles

Answer 28

elevate the hyoid bone

Question 29

Function of the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 29

depress the hyoid bone

Question 30

Only infrahyoid/suprahyoid bone not attaching to the body of the hyoid bone

Answer 30

Sternothyroid. Inserts to thyroid cartilage

Question 31

Goes from hyoid bone to styloid process of temporal bone

Answer 31

Stylohyoid ligament

Question 32

Goes from hyoid bone to thyroid cartilage

Answer 32

Thyrohyoid ligament

Question 33

Branchial arch from which lesser horn and upper half of body of hyoid bone are derived

Answer 33

second

Question 34

Branchial arch from which greater horn and lower half of body of hyoid bone are derived

Answer 34

third

Question 35

Embryological origin of two bellies of digastric muscle

Answer 35

first and second branchial arch

Question 36

Action of digastric muscle

Answer 36

Depress mandible (open mouth)

Question 37

The digastric muscle inserts to the hyoid bone via...

Answer 37

intermediate tendon

Question 38

Muscle which elevates floor of the mouth in swallowing

Answer 38

mylohyoid

Question 39

Derived from ventral primary rami of C2-C4

Answer 39

cervical plexus

Question 40

Ansa Cervicalis (roots/fibers)

Answer 40

Some fibers from C1 join those of C2 and C3

Question 41

Fibers from C1 join Hypoglossal Nerve (XII) to innervate...

Answer 41

thyrohyoid and geniohyoid

Question 42

Subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the scalenus anterior muscle. What are they?

Answer 42

Part 1) Medial to Scalenus Anterior Part 2) Posterior to Scalenus Anterior Part 3) Lateral to Scalenus Anterior

Question 43

Branches from subclavian artery medial to scalenus anterior

Answer 43

1) vertebral artery 2) internal thoracic artery 3) thyrocervical trunk (Inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, and suprascapular arteries)

Question 44

Branches from subclavian artery posterior to scalenus anterior

Answer 44

Costocervical Trunk. Branches into superior intercostal and deep cervical arteries

Question 45

Branches from subclavian artery lateral to scalenus anterior

Answer 45

none lmao (goes to become axillary artery I believe)

Question 46

Six branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 46

1) superior thyroid artery 2) ascending pharyngeal artery 3) lingual artery 4) facial artery 5) occipital artery 6) posterior auricular artery

Question 47

Name of the anatomical structure at upper border of thyroid cartilage, level C4

Answer 47

Carotid Bifurcation

Question 48

Compared to other branches of the external carotid artery, what is unique about the superior thyroid artery?

Answer 48

It dives down

Question 49

Origin of the superior laryngeal artery

Answer 49

it's a branch of the superior thyroid artery, itself from the external carotid artery

Question 50

Artery arising from the carotid siphon

Answer 50

Opthalmic artery

Question 51

Which is in the carotid sheath -- External or Internal Jugular Vein?

Answer 51

Internal Jugular Vein

Question 52

Veins joining to form retromandibular vein

Answer 52

superficial temporal and maxillary veins

Question 53

Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the internal jugular vein

Answer 53

anterior division of the retromandibular vein

Question 54

Division of retromandibular vein which will eventually lead to the external jugular vein

Answer 54

posterior division of the retromandibular vein

Question 55

Anterior division of retromandibular vein joins facial vein to form what, which later drains to the internal jugular vein

Answer 55

common facial vein

Question 56

Vein on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 56

external jugular vein

Question 57

Vein deep to the sternocleidomastoid

Answer 57

internal jugular vein

Question 58

Where is the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 58

Between Pretracheal and Prevertebral layers

Question 59

Infection from head (tonsilities) can spread to the mediastinum here

Answer 59

Retropharyngeal Space

Question 60

Why is a retropharyngeal life threatening?

Answer 60

swelling can block airway

Question 61

Nerve which is anterior to Scalenus Anterior and posterior to Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 61

Phrenic nerve

Question 62

Variation in the thyroid gland which arises superiorly; attaches to hyoid bone by fibrous strand

Answer 62

pyramidal lobe

Question 63

What nerve can be damaged in thyroid surgery

Answer 63

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 64

What happens if the recurrent laryngeal nerve is damaged in thyroid surgery

Answer 64

Paralyzes all muscles of the larynx (except cricothyroid) on one side; patient has only hoarse voice or whisper

Question 65

What needs to be avoided in a cricothyrotomy?

Answer 65

Large vein which can be anterior to trachea