Neck

Question 1

What helps in swallowing?

Answer 1

elevation of the larynx and hyoid bone

Question 2

What helps in breathing?

Answer 2

depression of the larynx and hyoid bone

Question 3

What is in the pretrachial layer?

Answer 3

trachea, esophagus, thyroid glands, and infrahyoid muscles

Question 4

What is the anterior border of pretrachial layer?

Answer 4

investing layer

Question 5

What is the posterior border of the pretrachial layer?

Answer 5

retropharyngeal layer

Question 6

What are the lateral borders of the pretrachial layer?

Answer 6

carotid sheaths

Question 7

What is in the prevertebral layer?

Answer 7

vertebral column and deep muscles: longus colli, longus capitis, scalenes, and posterior deep cervical muscles

Question 8

What is the anterior border of prevertebral layer?

Answer 8

retropharyngeal

Question 9

What are in the carotid sheaths?

Answer 9

carotid arteries, jugular veins, vagus nerves and lymphatics (neurovascular bundle)

Question 10

What connects the carotid sheaths?

Answer 10

alar fascia

Question 11

What is in the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 11

alar fascia

Question 12

What is the anterior border of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 12

pretrachial layer

Question 13

What is the posterior border of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 13

prevertebral layer

Question 14

What are the lateral borders of the retropharyngeal space?

Answer 14

carotid sheaths

Question 15

What is the superior attachment of SCM?

Answer 15

mastoid process of temporal bone

Question 16

What is the inferior attachment of SCM?

Answer 16

clavicle and sternum

Question 17

What is the action of SCM when insertion on the skull and upper cervicle joints?

Answer 17

bilaterally extend head and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate head

Question 18

What is the action of SCM when insertion on the sternum and clavicle?

Answer 18

inhalation

Question 19

What innervates SCM?

Answer 19

CN 11

Question 20

What is the action of SCM when insertion is at lower cervical joints?

Answer 20

bilateral flex and unilateral ab/adduct and rotate

Question 21

List the suprahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 21

• mylohyoid
• geniohyoid
• stylohyoid
• diagastric

Question 22

What are the actions of the suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 22

elevate hyoid to elevate larynx in swallowing and vocalization

Question 23

What is the innervation for mylohoid?

Answer 23

CN 5

Question 24

What is the innervation of geniohyoid?

Answer 24

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

Question 25

What is the innervation of stylohyoid?

Answer 25

CN 7

Question 26

What is the innervation of diagastric?

Answer 26

anterior belly: CN 5 | posterior belly: CN 7

Question 27

What muscles does CN 5 innervate?

Answer 27

- mylohyoid - anterior digastric - masseter - temporalis - medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 28

List the infrahyoid muscles

Answer 28

- sternohyoid - omohyoid - thyrohyoid

Question 29

What innervates infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 29

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

Question 30

What are the actions for infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 30

depress hyoid/larynx for breathing and vocalization

Question 31

What is the action of the longus colli?

Answer 31

bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate

Question 32

What is the innervation of longus colli?

Answer 32

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

Question 33

How does longus colli attach?

Answer 33

upper attaches to superior cervical vertebra then middle attach to transverse processes and lower attach to inferior cervical vertebra; forms a diamond

Question 34

How does longus capitis attach?

Answer 34

skull to transverse processes in middle cervical vertebra

Question 35

What innervates longus capitis?

Answer 35

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

Question 36

What is the action of longus capitis and where does it act?

Answer 36

atlantooccipital and upper cervical joints - bilaterally flexes skull and unilaterally ab/adducts and rotates

Question 37

What is the superior attachment of the scalenes?

Answer 37

transverse process of the cervical vertebra

Question 38

What is the inferior attachment of the scalenes?

Answer 38

ribs 1 and 2

Question 39

What is the innervation of the scalenes?

Answer 39

cervical plexus (ventral rami)

Question 40

What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is upper ribs?

Answer 40

bilaterally flex skull and unilaterally ab/adduct and rotate cervical intervertebral joints

Question 41

What are the actions of the scalenes when origin is cervical vertebra?

Answer 41

elevate rib cage for inhalation

Question 42

What are the inspiratory reserve muscles? (3)

Answer 42

- SCM - scalenes - external intercostals

Question 43

What artery supplies blood to the superior 2/3 of the neck?

Answer 43

external carotid

Question 44

What arteries supply blood to the brain?

Answer 44

2 carotid and 2 vertebral arteries

Question 45

What artery supplies blood to the base of the neck?

Answer 45

subclavian artery

Question 46

What does the common carotid split into?

Answer 46

carotid sinus and carotid body

Question 47

What does the carotid sinus do?

Answer 47

stretch receptor that detects BP

Question 48

What does the carotid body do?

Answer 48

detects pH as an indirect way to measure O2

Question 49

What is the ventral rami for the phrenic nerve?

Answer 49

C3, C4, C5 keeps your diaphragm alive

Question 50

What passes in-between the anterior and middle scalene?

Answer 50

brachial plexus

Question 51

Where do the sympathetic trunks originate?

Answer 51

lateral horns T1 - L2