Neck Anatomy

Question 1

Can cartilage of the neck ossify?

Answer 1

Yes, it is possible to fracture the hyoid bone in elderly due to ossification

Question 2

How many vertebra can be found on the cervical region?

Answer 2

seven

Question 3

What’s the origin and insertion of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 3

from the mastoid process to the sternum, but we a clavicular attachment

Question 4

Where does the phrenic nerve in the neck region?

Answer 4

along the course of sternomastoid

Question 5

Where is the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 5

medial to sternomastoid

base from inferior mandible, apex inferiorly merging into root of neck

Question 6

Where is the posterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 6

Lateral to sternomastoid

apex superiorly and broad base inferiorly

Question 7

what can be found in the vertebral compartment of the neck?

Answer 7

bone, and muscles that compete for attachments on bony processes

Question 8

what can be found in the visceral compartment of the neck

Answer 8

oesophagus, thyroid, trachea

Question 9

what can be found in the vascular compartment

Answer 9

common carotid until C4, internal jugular vein

Question 10

What are the four deep layers of fascia in the neck?

Answer 10

investing fascia
pretracheal fascia
prevertebral fascia
carotid sheath

Question 11

what does the investing fascia surround?

Answer 11

two muscles

sternomastoid and trapezius

Question 12

why is the carotid sheath thin around the internal jugular vein

Answer 12

because veins need to expand

Question 13

When does cervical lordotic curve develop? What is the curve created by?

Answer 13

6-9 months, formed by the intervertebral disc and facilitated by muscle

Question 14

What features does a typical cervical vertebra have?

Answer 14

transverse foramen with anterior and posterior tubercle, seals laterally by transverse bar

bifurcation of spinous process

uncinate processes to keep movement in the saggital plane

Question 15

What are the attachments and insertions of scalenus anterior and medius

Answer 15

SA: from typical vertebra to first rib

SM: from posterior tubercle to first rib

Question 16

what comes out between the scalenus anterior and medius

Answer 16

subclavian artery and brachial plexus

Question 17

What’s the significance of cranial shift and finding elongation of anterior tubercle at C7

Answer 17

there may be entrapment of nerve roots

Question 18

What are the features of C1, atlas

Answer 18

it’s a ring of bone without body. Most laterally placed transverse process
inner facet anteriorly to articulate with dens
occipital condyles superiorly

Question 19

What are the features of C2, axis

Answer 19

dens, pivot joint with C1

very stable

Question 20

What’s the difference in spinal nerve course between atypical and typical cervical vertebrae

Answer 20

in C1 and C2, the spinal nerve passes posterior to facet joint

in typical vertebrae, the spinal nerve passes anterior to facet joint

Question 21

Which cervical segments contain transverse process with artery within

Answer 21

C1 to C6

Question 22

What does the large intervertebral discs of cervical spine prevent?

Answer 22

forward slip and rotation

Question 23

What is a common cause of injury to the cervical facet joints?

Answer 23

hyperextension in a whiplash injury

Question 24

How much movement is permitted at the atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 24

15-20 degrees

Question 25

How much movement is permitted at the atlanto-axial joint

Answer 25

3-4 degrees of AP movement | 50% of the rotational movement

Question 26

In the neck region, what do these ligaments change their names to 1) anterior longitudinal ligament 2) posterior longitudinal ligament 3) ligamentum flavum 4) supraspinous ligament

Answer 26

1) anterior atlanto-occipital membrane 2) membrana techtoria 3) posterior atlanto-occipital membrane 4) ligament nuchae

Question 27

where is the alar ligament

Answer 27

either side of the dens

Question 28

Transverse and vertical ligaments come together to form the ________

Answer 28

cruciform ligament

Question 29

Where is the superior nuchal

Answer 29

they can be found as lateral extensions of the external occipital protuberance

Question 30

the superficial fascia contains a thick sheet of platysma, what's the function of platysma muscle

Answer 30

the muscle blends with the muscle of the face. It is for facial expression

Question 31

describe the location of external jugular vein in the neck

Answer 31

It's found on the superficial fascia, traveling form the angle of mandible along the course of sternocleidomastoid

Question 32

which pair of veins travels on the midline of the neck

Answer 32

anterior jugular vein

Question 33

T/F Investing fascia surrounds all compartments of the neck

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Which muscles does the investing fascia enclose?

Answer 34

SCM and trapezius

Question 35

What are the two fascia sheaths of the pretracheal (visceral) fascia

Answer 35

pretacheal and buccopharyngeal

Question 36

The pretracheal fascia extends up to the hyoid bone, what is the significance of that?

Answer 36

anything enclosed in the fascia will move up and down with swallowing

Question 37

Where are the attachments of supra-hyoid muscle, and what's the action of the this muscle

Answer 37

connect the hyoid to the mandible. Contraction will elevate the hyoid and the larynx

Question 38

Where are the attachments of infra-hyoid muscle, and what's the action of this muscle

Answer 38

connect hyoid to the sternum, clavicle (+1 to the scapula) | contraction will depress the hyoid and the larynx

Question 39

What are the branches of the external carotid artery

Answer 39

``` superior thyroid artery ascending pharyngeal artery lingual artery facial artery occipital artery posterior auricular artery maxillary artery superficial temporal artery ```

Question 40

What are the two main branches of glossopharyngeal nerve at the neck region?

Answer 40

one branch to the carotid sinus | one branch to pharynx anteriorly

Question 41

T/F Vagus nerve runs in the carotid sheath

Answer 41

True, vagus travels with the vascular structures

Question 42

T/F Accessory nerve runs in the anterior triangle

Answer 42

False, it travels in the posterior triangle

Question 43

Where is the isthmus of thyroid located?

Answer 43

it covers the 2nd and 3rd tracheal cartilage

Question 44

T/F The extra pyramidal lobe is typically on the right side if it is present

Answer 44

False, it's classically on the left

Question 45

With an enlarged thyroid, what are the 4 symptoms that may occur

Answer 45

respiratory obstruction dysphagia hoarse voice venous distention

Question 46

Where does the inferior thyroid artery come from

Answer 46

from the thryo-cervical trunk of the subclavian

Question 47

Which part of the tongue is a sign of origin of thyroid

Answer 47

foramen caecum

Question 48

Which two bones does the subclavian artery travel inbetween?

Answer 48

clavicle and the first rib