Neck Myology

Question 1

Posterior Triangle Boundaries

Main and Subtriangles

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid M
Trapezius M
Clavicle

Inferior Omohyoid M separates subtriangles
Occipital and Supraclavicular Triangles

Question 2

Posterior Triangle Contents (6)

Answer 2

Levator Scapulae M
Anterior, Middle and Posterior Scalene Ms
Inferior Belly of Omohyoid M
Splenius Capitus M

Question 3

Occipital Triangle Contents (3)

Answer 3

External Jugular V
Posterior Branches of Cervical Plexus
Transverse Cervical A

Question 4

Supraclavicular Triangle Contents (2)

Answer 4

Subclavian A

Suprascapular A

Question 5

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 5

Spinal Accessory N (CN XI)

Laterally flex head and rotate head away

Question 6

Anterior Scalene Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 6

C4-C6 Muscular Branches

Elevate 1st rib
Flex/Laterally flex head
Rotate head away

Question 7

Middle Scalene Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 7

C3-C8 Muscular Branches

Elevate 1st rib
Laterally flex head

Question 8

Posterior Scalene Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 8

C5-C7 Muscular Branches

Elevate 2nd rib
Laterally flex head

Question 9

Omohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 9

Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3

Depress hyoid and elevate larynx

Question 10

Anterior Triangle Boundaries

Answer 10

Median Line of Neck
Sternocleidomastoid M
Mandible

Question 11

Anterior Triangle

Subdivisions and Separating Structures

Answer 11

Suprahyoid
Submental and Submandibular Triangles
Separated by Anterior Digastric M

Infrahyoid
Muscular and Carotid Triangles
Separated by Superior Omohyoid M

Question 12

Suprahyoid Muscles (4)

Answer 12

Mylohyoid M
Geniohyoid M
Digastric M
Stylohyoid M

Question 13

Mylohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 13

Mylohyoid N

Elevates Hyoid, mouth floor and tongue

Question 14

Geniohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 14

C1 via Hypoglossal N

Anterosuperior hyoid, shortens mouth and widens pharynx

Question 15

Digastric Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 15

Anterior - Mylohyoid N, Posterior - Facial N

Depress mandible, elevate hyoid

Question 16

Stylohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 16

Facial N

Elevate and retract hyoid, elongate mouth

Question 17

Infrahyoid Muscles (4)

Answer 17

Sternohyoid M
Sternothyroid M
Thyrohyoid M
Omohyoid M

Question 18

Sternohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 18

Ansa Cervicalis C1-C3

Depress hyoid

Question 19

Sternothyroid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 19

Ansa Cervicalis C2-C3

Depress hyoid and larynx

Question 20

Thyrohyoid Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 20

C1 via Hypoglossal N

Depress hyoid
Elevate larynx

Question 21

Platysma Muscle

Innervation and Actions

Answer 21

Facial N

Frown and draw neck skin superior

Question 22

Pharyngeal Muscles (6)
Innervations and Actions

Answer 22

All innervated by Pharyngeal Plexus and Pharyngeal Branch of Vagus N, except Stylo

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor M
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor M
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor M
Constricts pharyngeal wall

Palatopharyngeus M
Salpingopharyngeus M
Stylopharyngeus M (Glossopharyngeal N CN IX)
Elevates pharynx and larynx

Question 23

Laryngeal Muscles (8)
Common Innervation, Exception Innervation and Actions

Answer 23

Recurrent Laryngeal N

Cricothyroid M (Inn by External Laryngeal N)
   Stretch/tense vocal fold
Posterior Cricoarytenoid M
   Abduct vocal fold
Lateral Cricoarytenoid M
   Adducts vocal fold
Transverse Arytenoid M
   Closes rima glottidis
Oblique Arytenoid M
   Closes rima glottidis
Aryepiglottic M
   Pulls arytenoid to epiglottis
Thyroarytenoid M
   Relax vocal fold
Vocalis M
   Relax posterior and tense anterior vocal fold

Question 24

Longus Colli Muscle

Innervation, Parts and Actions

Answer 24

Muscular Branches of Cervical Spinal Ns

Inferior Oblique - rotate head away

Superior Oblique - laterally flex head

Vertical - flex head

Question 25

Longus Capitis Muscle | Innervation and Actions

Answer 25

Muscular Branches of Cervical Spinal Ns Flex Head

Question 26

Rectus Capitis Anterior Muscle | Innervation and Actions

Answer 26

Muscular Branches of Cervical Spinal Ns Flex Head

Question 27

Rectus Capitis Lateralis Muscle | Innervation and Actions

Answer 27

Muscular Branches of Cervical Spinal Ns Laterally flex head

Question 28

Zones of Penetrating Trauma | Commonness and Structures

Answer 28

Zone 1: Less common, Harder to fix Contains lungs, thyroid, parathyroid, trachea, esophagus, common carotid, Jugular V, Cervical Vert. Zone 2: Most common, Easier to fix Contains Larynx/Cartilages, Carotid A, Jugular V, Esophagus and Cervical Vertebrae Zone 3: Less common, Harder to fix Salivary Glands, Cavities, nasal/oro pharynx