NECK - nerves Flashcards
(39 cards)
What are the 5 Cranial Nerves located in the anterior triangle of the neck?
What are the spinal nerves located here?
Cranial nerves:
· Facial n. (CN VII)
· Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
· Vagus n. (CN X)
· Accessory n. (CN XI)
· Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
Spinal nerves:
- Cervical plexus and branches
Facial nerve (CN VII):
motor, sensory, parasympathetic, both?
- where does it exit the cranial cavity?
- what 2 muscles are innervated by its digastric branch?
- What are the 2 divisions of CN VII in the parotid gland?
- The cervical n. is a branch of what division? It innervates what muscle?

motor, sensory, parasympathetic
- stylomastoid foramen
- digastric (posterior belly) + stylohyoid
- temporofacial division (upper) + cervicofacial division (lower)
-
cervicofacial division; innervates platysma m.
* (emerges from anterior border of parotid gland)*

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
motor, sensory, parasympathetic, both?
- where does it exit the cranial cavity?
- what is its location as it descends ?
- What is its location in the anterior triangle?
- what 3 structures does it innervate?
motor, sensory, parasympathetic
- jugular foramen
- Descends between ICA and IJV
- anterior triangle = lies between ECA and ICA; lateral to stylopharyngeus m.
- stylopharyngeus m. (motor)
pharynx (sensory by pharyngeal branch)
carotid sinus and body (sensory by carotid branch)

Vagus nerve (CN X)
motor, sensory, parasympathetic, both?
- where does it exit the cranial cavity?
- what fascia is it enclosed in?
- What are its 5 branches in the anterior triangle?

motor, sensory, parasympathetic
1. jugular foramen
2. carotid sheath
3. 5-branches:
- pharyngeal n. (motor to pharynx)
- carotid br. (sensory to carotid body)
- internal laryngeal n. (sensory and parasympathetic to supraglottic larynx) <– Sup. laryn.
- external laryngeal n. (motor to cricothyroid m.) <– Superior laryngeal n.
- cardiac br. (joins cardiac plexus in thorax) –> parasympathetic

Accessory nerve (CN XI)
motor, sensory, parasympathetic, both?
- where does it exit the cranial cavity?
- what is its location?
- What 2 muscles does it innervate?
motor
- jugular foramen
- Runs obliquely across the lateral aspect of neck
- sternocleidomastoid + trapezius mm (motor)

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
motor, sensory, parasympathetic, both?
- where does it exit the cranial cavity?
- what is its location?
- What 2 muscles does it run deep to?
- where does it enter the tongue?
- what muscle groups does it innervate?

motor
1. hypoglossal canal
- Medial to IJV + ICA immediately outside cranial cavity; anterior triangle = lateral to ICA + ECA + lingual a.
- digastric (anterior belly) + stylohyoid mm.
- medial to hypoglossus m.
- 3 extrinsic + all intrinsic tongue muscles (motor)
* * no branches in anterior triangle**
Transverse Cervical nerve (Cervical Plexus)
- arises from which ventral rami?
- where does it run?

- ventral rami of C2-C3 spinal nerves
- Across neck on anterior surface of sternocleidomastoid m.
* * Cutaneous nerve**
Ansa Cervicalis
- Loop of nerve fibers from which spinal nn.?
- runs on lateral surface of what blood vessel?
- What spinal nerve fibers make up the superior root?
- What spinal nerve fibers make up the inferior root?
- C1-C3 spinal nn.
- IJV
- formed by C1 fibers; descends b/t IJV + ICA/CCA
- fibers from C2-C3 spinal nn
Name the 6 innervations of the Ansa Cervicalis + their spinal nn. levels:

- superior belly of omohyoid (C1)
- inferior belly of omohyoid (C2-C3)
- upper part of sternohyoid (C1)
- lower part of sternohyoid (C2-C3)
- upper part of sternothyroid (C1)
- lower part of sternothyroid (C2-C3)
What are the cranial nerves in the posterior triangle of the neck?
What are the spinal nerves here?
Cranial nerve(s):
- Accessory n. (CN XI)
Spinal nerves:
- Cervical plexus and branches
- Brachial plexus (components and branches)
Cervical Plexus
- Formed by which ventral rami?
- what location is it formed in?
- what 2 types of branches does it consit of?
- C1-C4 spinal nn.
- muscles of the floor of posterior triangle
- cutaneous (superficial) branches + muscular (deep) branches

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

- lesser occipital n. (C2)
- greater aruicular n. (C2-C2)
- transverse cervical n. (C2-C3)
- supraclavicular nn. (C3-C4)

Cervical Plexus: Cutaneous Branches
Lesser occipital n. (C2)
- location?
- innervation?
- Ascends along the posterior border of SCM
- Skin of neck and scalp posterior to ear
Cervical Plexus: Cutaneous Branches
Greater auricular n. (C2-C3)
- location?
- innervation?
- Ascends across SCM to the base of ear
- Skin of parotid region, ear, and mastoid area
Cervical Plexus: Cutaneous Branches
Transverse Cervical n. (C2-C3)
- location?
- innervation?
- Runs horizontally across the midpart of SCM
- Lateral and anterior parts of neck
Cervical Plexus: Cutaneous Branches
Supraclavicular n. (C3-C4)
- location?
- innervation?
- Descends along the posterior border of SCM
- Skin over clavicle and shoulder up to rib 2
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
- supplies which muscle groups?
- contribute to the formation of…?
- Supplies pre-vertebral and lateral vertebral muscles
- Contributes to the formation of ansa cervicalis

Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Phrenic nerve
- what spinal cord segments?
- location?
- innervates?
- C3-C4(5) spinal cord segments
- runs inferiorly across the anterior surface of anterior scalene m.
- supplies diaphragm (motor and sensory)

Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Rectus capitis anterior:
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Flexion of head at atlanto-occipital joint
- inn: C1-C2 ventral rami
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Rectus capitis lateralis
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Ipsilateral flexion of head
- inn: C1-C2 ventral rami
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Longus colli
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Flexion and lateral flexion of neck; used during ipsilateral head turn to counteract lateral flexion of opposite SCM
- inn: C2-C6 ventral rami
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Longus capitis
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Flexion and ipsilateral rotation of head
- inn: C1-C3 ventral rami
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Anterior scalene
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Lateral flexion of neck; elevation of rib 1; used during inspiration
- inn: Adjacent ventral rami (C3-C7)
Cervical Plexus: Muscular Branches
Middle scalene
- action/function?
- innervation?
- act: Lateral flexion of neck; used during ipsilateral head turn to counteract lateral flexion of opposite SCM; elevation of rib 1; used in forced inspiration
- inn: Adjacent ventral rami (C3-C7)










