neck swellings Flashcards
(49 cards)
what are the lateral neck swellings generally divided into ?
lymph nodes
branchial cysts
carotid body tumor
cervical rib
sternomastoid muscle tumor
cystic hygroma
Laryngocele
what are the two different forms that lymph nodes as lateral swellings take ?
eitheer neoplastic or inflammatory
what are the different types of inflammatory lymph node ?
acute non specific - diphtheria
acute specific - tonsillitis or pharyngitis
chronic non specific - chronic tonsillitis
chronic specific - granuloma e.g TB
or as part of generalized lymphadenopathy
what types of neoplastic lymph nodes are there ?
primary - lymphoma
secondary- metastasis
occult primary - metastatic cancer with unknown primary site
what is the origin of a branchial cyst ?
embryonic pharyngeal arches
what is the clinical picture of branchial cysts ?
lateral cystic swellings that are on the upper third of the anterior border of the sternomastoid muscle that may be accompanied by a branchial cyst fistula
what are the complications associated with a branchial cyst ?
acquired branchial fistula
abscess formation
what are the investigations that should be done to confirm a case of branchial cyst ?
CT Scan of the neck
fistulography
what s the treatment for branchial cysts ?
surgical excision
what is the difference between a congenital and an acquired branchial fisttula ?
1- congenital branchial fistulas are not preceded by any swelling , seen at birth and are located on the upper third of the sternomastoid muscle
2- an acquired branchial cyst is preceded by swelling, not seen at birth and usually exists on the lower third of the sternomastoid muscle
what is the other name for carotid body tumors ?
chemodectoma
paraganglioma
where do carotid body tumors originate from ?
benign tumor that arises from paraganglionic cells
where are carotoid body tumors located ?
at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery
what neuroendocrine tumor is associatted with carotid body tumors ?
phaechromocytoma
what iis the presentation of carotid body tumors ?
bilateral lateral solid neckline swelling
more commonly in females
audible bruit
pulsations present
thrill present
upon compression may induce syncope
what investigations can be done for carotid body tumors ?
CT scan of the neck
Carotid angiography
what sign appears with carotid angiography of a carotid body tumor ?
Lyre sign
what is thee treatment for carotid body tumors ?
surgical excision
what is thee etiology of a cervical rib ?
congenital
what is the clinical picture of cervical ribs ?
may be asymptomatic and discovered accidentally
may cause sensory issues due to compression on the brachial plexus
may cause upper limb ischemia due to subclavian artery compression
( thoracic outlet syndrome )
what are the investigations for diagnosis of a cervical rib ?
plain X-ray
what is the treatment for cervical rib ?
surgical excision only if symptomatic
what iis the etiology of sternomastoid muscle tumor ?
misnomer , not actually a tumor
hematoma of the sternomastoid muscle due to birth trauma
what is thee presentation of sternomastoid tumor ?
lateral neck swelling
torticollis on the same side
