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BDS3 ANATOMY > Neck Triangles > Flashcards

Neck Triangles Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

hyoid bone

A
  • U-shaped
  • located at C3, palpable
  • suspended by stylohyoid ligament
  • aids in tongue movement
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2
Q

anterior triangle borders

A

inferior border of mandible
anterior border of SCM
midline of neck

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3
Q

anterior triangle fascia

A

roof = deep investing
floor = pretracheal, carotid sheath

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4
Q

anterior triangle subdivisions

A
  • submandibular
  • submental
  • carotid
  • muscular
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5
Q

submandibular anterior triangle

A

submandibular gland, lymph nodes, parts of CN XII, mylohyoid nerve, part of facial artery/vein

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6
Q

submental anterior triangle

A

under tip of chin
submental lymph nodes, small veins

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7
Q

carotid anterior triangle

A

between SCM + omohyoid superior belly
contains;
- thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx, carotid sheath, branches of cervical plexus, superior root of anse cervicalis, lymph nodes, part of CN XI + XII

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8
Q

muscular anterior triangle

A

between SCM, omohyoid
contains sternohyoid, sternohyoid, thyroid, parathyroid glands

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9
Q

carotid sheath contains

A

medially
- common carotid artery
- internal carotid artery
- external carotid artery
laterally
- internal jugular vein
posteriorly
- CN X

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10
Q

common carotid bifurcates into internal and external
how to tell them apart?

A

internal carotid supplies the brain
external supplies head and neck = branches off to supply the thyroid [superior thyroid] and others

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11
Q

suprahyoid muscles list

A
  • mylohyoid
  • digastric
  • stylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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12
Q

suprahyoid muscles function

A

raise the hyoid bone, as required for swallowing

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13
Q

mylohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at mylohyoid line of mandible, inserts body of hyoid and fibres of opposite mylohyoid

action = elevates hyoid and forms the floor of the oral cavity

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14
Q

digastric location and actions

A

anterior and posterior belly
location
ANTERIOR = digastric fossa on lower mandiblE
POSTERIOR = originates on mastoid notch of mastoid process
both insert at attachment of intermediate tendon at hyoid

actions
ANTERIOR = raises hyoud and opens mouth by lowering mandible
POSTERIOR = elevates and retracts hyoid bone

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15
Q

stylohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at stylohyoid prcoess and inserts into body of hyoid
action = pulls hyoid bone upward

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16
Q

geniohyoid location and action

A

location = orginates from mandible, inserts at body of hyoid, superior to mylohyoid

action = fixed mandible, elevates and pulls hyoid forward
fixed hyoid, pulls mandible downward and inward

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17
Q

innervation of suprahyoid muscles

A

mylohyoid = CN V3 inferior alveolar [nerve to mylohyoid]
anterior digastric = nerve to mylohyoid
posterior digastric = digastric branch of CN VII
stylohyoid = CN VII
geniohyoid = anterior ramus of C1, travels wth CN XIII

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18
Q

infrahyoid muscles list

A
  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid
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19
Q

infrahyoid function

A

‘strap’ muscles
depress of fix hyoid bone, provide attachment for suprahyoid muscles

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20
Q

sternohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at posterior surface of sternoclavicular joint, inserts into body of hyoid medially

action = depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

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21
Q

omohyoid location and action

A

inferior and superior
superior = inserts into body of hyoid laterally
inferior = inferior belly orginates at superior border of scapula
attached by a tendon which attaches to clavicle with fascia sling

actions = depresses and fixes hyoid

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22
Q

thyrohyoid location and action

A

location = originates at oblique line at thyroid cartilage, inserts into greater horn and adjacent body of hyoid

actions = depresses hyoid, raise larynx when hyoid is fixed

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23
Q

sternohyoid location and action

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A

location = orginates at posterior surface of manubrium, inserts into oblique line on thyroid cartilage

action = draws the larynx downward

24
Q

infrahyoid muscles innervation

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A

sternothyroid, omohyoid, sternohyoid = anterior rami of C1 - C3

thyrohyoid = anterior rami of C1 but fibres run with CN XII

25
common carotid artery can be split into right and left where are they branches from
right = branch of brachiocephalic trunk left = direct branch from aortic arch
26
where do the ICA and ECA come from
branches of common carotid at level C3/C4
27
does the internal carotid artery have branches
no ascends to enter carotid canal and supply the brain
28
external carotid artery branches
8 branches [SAOLFPSM] - superior thryoid - ascending pharyngeal - occipital - lingual - facial - posterior auricular - superficial temporal - maxillary
29
internal jugular vein functions
drains blood from brain, skull, face and parts of the neck continuation of sigmoid sinus, exits skulls via jugular foramen and enters carotid sheath, lateral to CCA
30
veins draining into internal jugular vein
inferior petrosal sinus pharyngeal occipital facial lingual superior thyroid middle thyroid
31
what does the internal jugular vein join as it reaches the clavicle
joins subclavian vein to become brachiocephalic vein
32
thyroid gland 4 features
pyramidal lobe [central] right lobe isthmus left lobe
33
thyroid gland features = where on the neck
within visceral neck component R+L extends from thryoid cartilage to 5th tracheal ring isthmus = 3rd tracheal ring
34
thyroid gland arterial supply and venous drainage
ARTERIAL - superior thyroud artery [ECA] - inferior thyroid artery [branch of thyrocervical from subclavian] VENOUS - superior thyroid vein [into IJV] - middle thyroid vein [into IJV] - inferior thyroid vein [into bracheocephalic]
35
parathyroid gland
2 pairs of small glands, posterior surface of thyroid inferior thyroid artery supplies it venous drainage same as thyroid
36
relationship of thyroid and parathyroid
both innervated by thyroid branches from cervical (sympathetic) ganglia
37
recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
concern of neck surgery[cervical spine] due to the proximity of recurrent laryngeal nerves to trachea and oesophagus and glanfs
38
posterior triangle borders
posterior border of SCM anterior border of trapezius middle 3rd of clavicle and occipital bone
39
posterior triangle fascia
roof = deep investing, around muscles floor = prevertebral fascia
40
what is fascia
thin connective tissue
41
posterior triangle muscles
- sternocleidomastoid - trapezius - anterior scalene - middle scalene - posterior scalene
42
sternocleidomastoid location and action
location = sternal head from manubrium of sternum, clavicular head from medial 3rd of clavicle actions = draws head forward, tilts head towards ipsilateral shoulder while turning face contralaterally
43
trapezius location and action
location = superior nuchal line, inserts into lateral 3rd of clavicle actions = rotating scapula during abduction of humerus, upper fibres elevate, middle abduct, lower depresses scapula
44
CN XII importance in posterior triangle
spinal accessory innervates SCM and trapezius controls px ability to shrug shoulders
45
levator scapulae location and action
location = C1-C4, inserts into scapula [upper medial border] action = elevates scapula innervation = C3, C4 and dorsal scapular nerve C4 C5
46
anterior scalene location and action
location = C3-C6, inserts into upper surface of rib 1 action = elevates 1st rib
47
middle scalene location and action
location = originates C4-C7, inserts into rib 1 action = elevates 1st rib
48
anterior and middle scalene is innervated by;
anterior rami of C4-C7 [and C3 for anterior]
49
cervicular plexus
Complex neurological structure located within head and neck - communication between anterior divisions of C1-C4 nerves Located in posterior triangle, halfway up SCM within prevertebral fascia Formed by the anterior rami of C1-C4
50
muscular branches of cervicular plexus
- phrenic nerve [C3,4,5] - asna cervicalis [C1,2,3] - branches to prevertebral and vertebral muscles -
51
cutaneous branches of cervical plexus
- C2 [ lesser occipital nerve] - C2,3 [great auricular, transverse cervicular nerve] - C3,4 [supraclavicular nerve]
52
superficial venous drainage of the neck done by;
external jugular vein - crosses SCM, drains into subclavian anterior jugular vein - draisn into external jugular vein
53
hypoglossal nerve CN XII
passes inferior angle of mandible, crosses ICA/ECA to tongue innervates extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue
54
phrenic nerve
orginates from cervical necks in neck C3,4,5 innervates diaphragm - crucial role in breathing runs posterior to subclavian vein
55
subclavian artery and vein
lies below clavicle provides blood supply to bilateral extremities with contributions to head/neck
56
Horner's syndrome
caused due to damage to cervical sympathetic trunk anterior approach to cervical spine
57

BDS3 ANATOMY (7 decks)

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