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Kines Final > Neck & Trunk Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Neck & Trunk Chapter 15 Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Torso provides

A

stable base for the attachment of extremities

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2
Q

Adult vertebral column consists of ___ bones

A

26

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3
Q

What is the function of the vertebral column?

A
  • column of support
  • weight bearing structure
  • protection of spinal cord
  • movement of trunk
  • maintaining the upright position
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4
Q

Lordosis is a:

A

spinal curve with a concavity posterior

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5
Q

Kyphosis is a:

A

spinal curve with a concavity anterior

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6
Q

At birth the vertebral column consists of a single convex posterior curve called a

A

Kyphosis (primary curve)

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7
Q

As an infant begins to raise his/her head while lying prone-> what develops?

A

Cervical lordosis (secondary curve)

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8
Q

As the child begins to stand and walk: What develops?

A

lumbar lordosis

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9
Q

By about what age are the physiological curves similar to in an adult?

A

10 years old

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10
Q

What are the 4 curves of the vertebral column for:

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral?

A

Cervical- Lordosis
Thoracic- Kyphosis
Lumbar- Lordosis
Sacral- Kyphosis

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11
Q

T/F: The vertebral column curves help to absorb axial loads

A

True

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12
Q

Where are the two sets of interspinal articulations found between?

A

Vertebral bodies and the facets

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13
Q

Between the vertebral bodies are adjacent vertebrae from and are called what type of joint

A

C2-sacrum

Amphiarthrodial Joint

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14
Q

What are the bones of the vertebral bodies joined by

A

intervertebral fibrocartilaginous disc which consists of the annulus fibrosis, and nucleus pulposus

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15
Q

Facet joints are between and what are they classified as

A

superior and inferior articular facets

Diarthrodial

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16
Q

As a whole the vertebral column is considered to be:

A

Triaxial (3 planes)

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17
Q

The vertebrae can move in all 3 places and do

A 
Sagittal->
-flexion
-extension
-hyperextension
Frontal->
-lateral flexion
Transverse plane->
-rotation
Multiplanar->
-circumduction
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18
Q

The alanto-occipital joints are formed by articulation

A

occipital condyles and superior articular facets of C1

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19
Q

What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital classified as:

A

Diarthrosis Joints

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20
Q

Primary movements of the alanto-occipital joints are

A

flexion and extension

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21
Q

Alanto-occipital joints allow for

A

Lateral flexion

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22
Q

The atlanto-axial joints (C1-C2) include the

A
  • median atlantoaxial

- 2 lateral atlantoaxial

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23
Q

What is the median alanto-axial joint formed by

A

articulation between

  • facet on the posterior aspect of the anterior arch of C1
  • facet on the anterior aspect of the odontoid process of C2
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24
Q

The odontoid process is held in its articulation by the __________ ligament

A

transverse

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25
What type of joint is the atlanto-axial and what is its primary movement
- pivot - rotation - allows for some extension, flexion, and lateral flexion
26
The atlanto-axial joints (C1-C2) lateral is formed by:
articulation between the inferior articular facets of C1 and superior articular facets of C2
27
The atlanto-axial joints are considered
gliding joints | -allows for some flexion, extension and lateral flexion
28
Thoracic vertebrae the articulations are between
vertebrae bodies and adjacent articular facets.
29
Vertebrae to rib articulations are between
vertebrae to rib articulations between - Vertebral body (T1-T12) and Rib (Rib 1- Rib 12) - Transverse process (T1-T10) and Rib (1-10)
30
How many thoracic vertebrae and ribs are there
12
31
Rib pairs 1-7 are called
true ribs because they articulate with the sternum
32
Rib pairs 8-12 are called
false ribs & they do not articulate directly with sternum
33
Rib pairs 8-10 are
Their costal cartilage merge together with costal cartilage of rib 7 before they reach sternum
34
Rib pairs 11-12 are called
Floating ribs | -do not articulate with the sternum
35
How do the superior articular facets face for the lumbar vertebrae?
Face medially
36
How do the inferior articular facets face for the lumbar vertebrae
Face laterally
37
Movement of individual vertebral segments is
coupled
38
What is coupling movement:
The primary motion occurs in 1 plane which is accompanied automatically by motion in at least 1 other place
39
Coupling patterns differ by
spinal region
40
Coupling patterns occur primarily due to
orientation of the facet joints | Ex: Spinal lateral flexion accompanied by spinal rotation
41
Type I coupling
Lateral flexion in 1 direction with vertebral body rotation to an opposite side
42
Type II coupling
Lateral flexion in 1 direction with vertebral body rotation to the same side
43
Cervical and upper thoracic spine coupling->
Type II
44
Middle and lower thoracic spine coupling->
Type I
45
Lumbar spine coupling->
Type I
46
In neutral position in the transverse plane:
ASIS is aligned with PSIS
47
In neutral position in the frontal plane:
ASIS is aligned slightly posterior to the pubic symphysis
48
What is lumbopelvic rhythm?
Full, smooth movement of the Lumbo-Pelvic-Hip (LPH) Complex | ̶ Requires the cooperative interaction of many muscles and joints
49
The lumbar spine and pelvis | ̶ Work together to allow
full flexion and extension of the torso
50
Trunk Flexion (Forward Bending)
Flexion of spine | -anterior pelvic tilt
51
Trunk Extension
Extension of spine | -posterior pelvic tilt
52
Pelvis | ̶ Helps to maintain a normal _______
Lumbar curve
53
Without first stabilizing the pelvis
you cannot have proper stabilization of the vertebral column
54
Pathological curves can
increase, decrease or reverse
55
Thoracic curve _____ as posture declines
Increases
56
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of the vertebral spine
57
Where is rotation for scoliosis
usually toward the side of scoliosis
58
S curve apperance
extreme cases of scoliosis
59
A thoracic scoliosis can cause
ribs to protrude posteriorly forming a raised area or hump
60
Torticollis is a ______ disorder
musculoskeletal
61
Torticollis is most commonly associated with
unilateral shortening of SCM - ipsilateral head tilt - contralateral rotation of head
62
Torticollis can be
congenital or acquired
63
Congenital Muscular Torticollis
•Infant holds his/her head tilted to one side and has difficulty turning the head ̶ Usually noticed 6 – 8 weeks after birth - Typically, not painful - Cause is not known
64
Possible causes of Congenital Muscular Torticollis
birth trauma, Intrauterine malposition, bony abnormality
65
Treatment of Congenital Muscular Torticollis
stretching, postural changes, and surgical intervention
66
Acquired Torticollis
̶ Develops later in childhood or adulthood | ̶ Usually painful
67
Acquired Torticollis causes
* Trauma to the neck * Tumors * Sleeping posture
68
Acquired Torticollis treatment:
̶ Treatment • Stretching • Physical Therapy • Occupational Therapy
69
Sciatica
̶ Pain and/or paresthesias in the distribution of the sciatic nerve (L4 – S2)
70
Causes of sciatica
• Any condition that may affect or compress the sciatic | nerve or roots (L4 – S2) of the sciatic nerve
71
Spondylosis also called
osteoarthritis or DJD
72
Spondylosis is characterized by:
``` • Osteophytes • Stenosis • Disc thinning • Thickening of the ligaments result in nerve root or spinal cord compression ```
73
Spondylosis symptoms:
- pain | - decreased rom
74
Spondylolisthesis
A separation or defect at the pars interarticularis | with anterior slippage of the vertebral body
75
Pars Interarticularis
The region of a vertebra between the superior and inferior articular processes
76
Spondylolisthesis causes
- trauma | - deformation
77
Spondylolisthesis treatment
* Exercise * Activity modification * Surgery
78
Herniated Disc
A tear in the annulus fibrosis with protrusion of the | nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis
79
Signs and Symptoms of herniated disc:
* Radicular pain * Sensory abnormalities * Muscle weakness * Decreased and painful ROM * Increased pain with straining, coughing and sneezing
80
Causes of herniated disc
* Trauma | * Excessive forces on the intervertebral disc
81
Cocontraction of the Spinal Flexors and Extensors ̶ | Helps to:
create downward pull ̶ Decrease shearing movements on the vertebrae ̶ Increase spinal stability • Increase intra abdominal pressure, which will ̶ Increase spinal stability
82
Contraction of the abdominal wall and core muscles ̶ Compresses the trunk
anteriorly and posteriorly
83
Core Strengthening Exercises
- Help improve lumbopelvic stability - Reduce the risk of lower back injury - resist unwanted forces on lumbopelvic joints - Treat lower back dysfunction
84
What are the two core strengthening exercises
abdominal hollowing and abdominal bracing
85
Changing the position of the cervical spine will ->
change the force acting on the spine

Kines Final (1 decks)

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