Neck - viscera

Question 1

Know the layers of cervical viscera, their anatomical relationships and fascial coverings•

Answer 1

All withing pretracheal fascia
Endocrine layer
Respiratrory layer
Alimentray layer

Question 2

Know the digestive and respiratory pathways through the head and neck. –Where do these pathways cross?

Answer 2

OROPHARYNX- post edge of oral cavity and middle of pharynx cavity

LARYNGOPHARNX- meet btwn air (TRACHEA) and digestion (THROAT/STOMACH). CROSS at EPIGLOTTIS

Question 3

•Layer 1: Endocrine layer– location and blood supply of the thyroid and parathyroid glands•

Answer 3

Thyroid- ductless hormone secreting
Location- largest endocrine. Lies over trachea
Isthmus over 2-3rd rings connects two lobes, may have . pyramidal lobe
Blood supply- superior thyroid a.-ECA, inferior thyroid a.-thyrocervical trunk, thyroid ima a. (10%) branch of brachioceplahlic or aorta arch
Thyroid vein drain into IJV
Superior and middle
Inferior thyroid v. drains to brachioceplahic v.

Innervation- regulated by pituitary gland (hypopheasal fossa) NO GVE!!!
Parathyroid- tiny gland posterior to thyroid

Question 4

Layer 2: Respiratory layer- Larynx and Trachea

Answer 4

Larynx fx- 1-adducts vocal cords to provide air and increase intrathoracic pressure 2- route of air and food into appropirate passage ways (lungs and digestive)
3. voice production

Question 5

Laryngeal cartilage-Thyroid cartilage

Answer 5

2 lamina fuse at an angle form the LARYNGEAL PROMINENCE- ADAM’S APPLE
inferior horns form synoical jt with cricoid cartilage

Question 6

–Know the boundaries of each of the spaces within the larynx and be able to state the innervation of the mucosa lining each of these spaces–

Answer 6

jehovah

Question 7

name muscles that are capable of altering the tension and position of the vocal folds/ligaments–

Answer 7

jehovah

Question 8

Know the innervation & blood supply of these muscles.

Answer 8

jehovah

Question 9

What happens when either the external or recurrent laryngeal nerves are lost?•

Answer 9

jehovah

Question 10

Layer 3: Alimentary layer–Know the functions of the pharynx. Where does it begin? Where does it end? (with what structures is it continuous?)–

Answer 10

jehovah

Question 11

Know the six muscles (3 inner, 3 outer) forming the walls of the pharynx

Answer 11

jehovah

Question 12

What are the three parts of the pharynx? their boundaries, their relationships to each other and their relationships to other structures in the head & neck (middle ear, oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, prevertebral muscles)–

Answer 12

jehovah

Question 13

Part 1 -boundaries, their relationships to each other and their relationships to other structures in the head & neck (middle ear, oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, prevertebral muscles)

Answer 13

NASOPHARYNX- post edge of nasal cavity and beg of pharynx cavity

Question 14

Part 2 -boundaries, their relationships to each other and their relationships to other structures in the head & neck (middle ear, oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, prevertebral muscles)

Answer 14

jehovah

Question 15

Part 3 -boundaries, their relationships to each other and their relationships to other structures in the head & neck (middle ear, oral cavity, nasal cavity, larynx, esophagus, prevertebral muscles)

Answer 15

jehovah

Question 16

Know the innervation (both motor and sensory) of the pharynx and how it differs between regions–

Answer 16

jehovah

Question 17

What are tonsils?

Answer 17

jehovah

Question 18

Where are they found (in what regions of the pharynx?)

Answer 18

jehovah

Question 19

Laryngeal- thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 19

connects thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

Question 20

Laryngeal- Median cricothyroid l.

Answer 20

Conus elasticus- fibro elastic membrane composed

connects cricoid to thyroid ant. SOFT SPOT

Question 21

Laryngeal- cricotracheal l.

Answer 21

connects. cricoid cartilage to trachea

Question 22

Quadrangular membrane

Answer 22

laterally extends btwn arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages

Free inferior edge-vestibular lig. Free superior edge-aryepiglottic lig.

Question 23

2 Lateral cricothyroid lig

Answer 23

Conus elasticus- fibro elastic membrane composed

lateral aspect of cricoid round to vocal process of arytenoid cartilage. ANt attachme tot he thryoid angle.

Question 24

Vocal lig. /CORD

Answer 24

free superior edge of lateral cricothyroid lig

Question 25

Laryngeal- Cricoid cartilage

Answer 25

only complete ring around respiratory tract, most inf. Ant. and post band lamina UNPAIRED

Question 26

Laryngeal cartilageEpiglottic

Answer 26

``` post to hyoid and root of tongue ant. to inlet of larynx attached to angle of thyroid FOLD OVER LARNGEAL INLET WHEN SWALLOWING TO PREVENT FOOD IN LARYNX UNPAIRD ```

Question 27

Laryngeal cartilage- Arytenoid

Answer 27

``` PAIRED 3 SIDE pyramid jt with cricoid lamina apex-superior to aryepligottic fold vocal process- ant to vocal lig muscular process- lateral 2 muscle attach ```

Question 28

Vestibule

Answer 28

LARNEGEAL INLET | BTWN vestibular and aryepiglottic folds

Question 29

Ventricle

Answer 29

btwn vestibular and vocal folds

Question 30

infraglottic cavity

Answer 30

btwn vocal folds and inf edge of cricoid cartilage

Question 31

Rima Vestibuli

Answer 31

space btwn RL vestibular folds (ligament covered in mucous membranes

Question 32

Rima Glottids

Answer 32

space btwn RL vocal folds

Question 33

Trachea

Answer 33

fibrocartilaginous tube w c shaped cartiagle rings that are deficinent posteriorly. EXTENDS from inf. edge of cricoid cartilage C6 to traheal bifurcation T4/T5

Question 34

Larynx . vasculature Superoir laryngeal a

Answer 34

pierces thyrohyoid membrane w/ internal laryngeal n. | branch of superior thyroid a off ECA

Question 35

Larynx- Inferior laryngeal a

Answer 35

branch of inf. thyroid a. off thyrocervical trunk

Question 36

Laryngeal nerves

Answer 36

ALL VAGUS 2 Laryngeal nerve GSA GVA INternal laryngeal n External laryngeal n GSE- descend w/ superior laryngeal a.

Question 37

Paralysis

Answer 37

cricothyroid m. resute in monotone voice, inablilyt to alter length and tension of vocal lig

Question 38

Recurrent laryngeal n.

Answer 38

GSE GVA ascends w/ inf. thyroid and inf. laryngeal a. passes deep to inf pharyngeal constrictors NAME CHANGE INFEROIOR LARYNGYEAL N. innervates intrinsic m, sensation to larynx for mucusos below vocal folds cricopharyngeus