Necrosis and Apoptosis

Question 1

Physiological causes of Apoptosis

Answer 1

1. destruction of cells during embryogenesis
   2.Involution of hormone-dependent tissues upon hormone withdrawal
   3 cell loss in proliferating cell populations

Question 2

Pathological causes of Apoptosis

Answer 2

1.DNA damage:radiation, cytotoxic anticancer drugs and hypoxia.
2 Accumulation of misfolded proteins
3. cell death in certain i nfections:adenovirus ,HIV

Question 3

Morphological changes of Apoptosis (5)

Answer 3

1. cell shrinkage with intense eosinophilia
   2.chromatin condensation
2. cytcoplasmic bleps and apoptotic bodies
3. Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells
   5 . No inflammation

Question 4

Pathogenesis of necrosis (6)

Answer 4

1. ATP depletion
   2 mitochondrial damage
   3 influx of calcium
   4 Accumulation of oxygen reactive species
   5 increased permeability of cell membranes
   6 Damage to DNA and proteins