need for plant transport systems

Question 1

dicotyledenous plant

Answer 1

plants with two seed leaves and a branching pattern of veins in the leaf

Question 2

meristem

Answer 2

layer of dividing cells

Question 3

phloem

Answer 3

transports dissolved assimilates

Question 4

vascular tissue

Answer 4

consists of cells specialised for transporting fluids by mass flow

Question 5

xylem

Answer 5

transports water and minerals

Question 6

give three reasons why plants need a transport system

Answer 6

metabolic demands
size
surface area:volume ratio

Question 7

which parts of the plant photosynthesise

Answer 7

the cells of the green parts of the plant make their own glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis.

Question 8

which parts of the plant do not photosynthesise

Answer 8

many internal parts of the plant dont photosynthesis

Question 9

what are the metabolic demands of a plant

Answer 9

they need oxygen and glucose transported to them and the waste products removed. hormones made in one part of a plant need transporting to the areas where they have an effect

Question 10

how does size affect the need for a transport system

Answer 10

some plants are very small but they continue to grow throughout their lives and so some are large and enormous. plants need effective transport systems to move substances both up and down from the tips of the roots to the leaves and stems

Question 11

how does surface area to volume ratio affect the need for a plant transport system

Answer 11

leaves are adapted to have a large SA:V ratio for exchange of gases with the air. the size and complexity of multicellular plants means when the stems, trunks and roots are taken into account, they still have a relatively small SA:V ratio. they cant rely on diffusion to supply their cells needs

Question 12

what does every cell of a multicellular plant need

Answer 12

a regular supply of oxygen, water, nutrients and minerals

Question 13

why do plants have a low oxygen demand

Answer 13

plants arent very active and have a low respiration rate

Question 14

how can the demand for oxygen be met

Answer 14

by diffusion

Question 15

is the demand for water and sugars in a plant high or low

Answer 15

high

Question 16

where can and cant plants absorb water from

Answer 16

they can absorb water and minerals at the roots but cant absorb sugars from the soil

Question 17

what can the leaves do and not do

Answer 17

they can perform gas exchange and make sugars from photosynthesis but cant absorb water from the air

Question 18

why do plants need a transport system

Answer 18

to move water and minerals from the roots to the leaves
to move sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant

Question 19

what do transport systems in plants consist of

Answer 19

specialised vascular tissue

Question 20

where does water and soluble mineral ions travel in

Answer 20

xylem

Question 21

does substances in the xylem travel up or down

Answer 21

upwards

Question 22

where do assimilates (sugars) travel in

Answer 22

phloem

Question 23

do substances in the phloem travel up or down

Answer 23

both directions

Question 24

what cant the vascular tissues do

Answer 24

carry respiratory gases

Question 25

how is water lost

Answer 25

from leaves

Question 26

where is water absorbed from and where is it needed

Answer 26

absorbed from the soil but needed all over the plant

Question 27

what moves up and down the stem

Answer 27

water and mineral ions move up the stem in xylem sugars move down in phloem

Question 28

where are sugars made and where are they needed

Answer 28

made in the leaves but needed all over the plant

Question 29

which substances move in transpiration

Answer 29

water molecules and dissolved mineral ions

Question 30

which vessels are involved in transpiration

Answer 30

xylem

Question 31

is transpiration active or passive

Answer 31

passive

Question 32

which substances move in translocation

Answer 32

sugars (sucrose) and amino acids

Question 33

which vessels are involved in translocation

Answer 33

phloem - sieve and companion cells

Question 34

is translocation active or passive

Answer 34

active

Question 35

what do dicotyledenous plants make

Answer 35

seeds containing two cotelydons, organs that acid as food stores for the developing embryo plantand form the first leaves when the seed germinates.

Question 36

what are the two types of dicotyledenous plants

Answer 36

herbaceous dicots and woody dicots

Question 37

what is the difference between the herbaceous dicots and woody dicots

Answer 37

herbaceous dicots have soft tissues and a short life cycle and woody dicots have hard lignified tissues and a long life cycle

Question 38

how are the leaves and stems like in herbaceous dicots

Answer 38

they are down at the end of the growing season to the soil level

Question 39

what is the vascular system of a dicotyledenous plant

Answer 39

a series of transport vessels running through the stem, roots and leaves

Question 40

what are the two transport vessels and how are they arranged

Answer 40

xylem and phloem arranged in vascular bundles in the leaves, roots and stems of herbaceous dicots

Question 41

as well as the transport of substances what else do vascular bundles provide

Answer 41

structural support

Question 42

where is the vascular bundle found in the roots

Answer 42

at the centre of a young root xylem (star shaped or X shaped) phloem (in arms)

Question 43

what does the arrangment of the vascular tissue in the roots do

Answer 43

gives strength to withstand pulling forces to which roots are exposed to

Question 44

what does the endodermis do

Answer 44

helps get water inside the xylem

Question 45

how are the tissues arranged in the VB of a leaf

Answer 45

endodermis (layer of ring) cortex (outer) medulla (inner) xylem (star shaped or X) phloem (in the arms of the star)

Question 46

where is the vascular bundle found in the stem

Answer 46

in the outer edge of the stem

Question 47

how is the arrangement of the vascular bundle different in woody plant stems and non woody plant stems

Answer 47

the bundles are separate in young stems but become a continuous ring in old stems. in non woody plants the bundles are separate and discrete

Question 48

what is the arrangement of the vascular bundle of a stem

Answer 48

collenchyma (ring) sclerenchyma (1st outer shell - outside) cortex (outer) phloem (2nd shell - middle) xylem (3rd shell - inside) medulla (inner) cambium (in between xylem and phloem

Question 49

what is the function of cambium

Answer 49

layer of meristem cells that divide to produce xylem and phloem

Question 50

where are the locations of the xylem and phloem

Answer 50

xylem - inside of vascular bundle phloem - outside of vascular bundle

Question 51

where is the xylem located in non woody plants

Answer 51

on the inside it provides additional support to the stem. cambium layer contains meristematic tissue

Question 52

where is the vascular tissue of a tree located and what does this arrangment do

Answer 52

there is a complete ring of vascular tissue just under the bark of a tree. this arrangment provides flexibility and strength to withstand the beding forces which stems and branches are exposed to

Question 53

where is the vascular tissue located in the leaf

Answer 53

vascular bundles form the midrib and veins of a leaf. a dicotyledenous leaf has a branching network of veins that get smaller as they spread away from the midrib

Question 54

where is the xylem located within each vein

Answer 54

on top of the phloem