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Nat 5 Graphics > Need to knows > Flashcards

Need to knows Flashcards

1
Q

Input devices:

A

Scanner, digital camera

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2
Q

Digital publishing advantages:

A

Easier to edit

Can send to client for approval

Can email instantly

Quicker to apply finishes

Can reach a wider audience

Easier to share the website

Website can be accessed
anywhere

Immediate updates to content can be made

Animated effects, hyperlinks and
videos can be embedded

Social Media links can be added

Portrays the company as being
modern

Websites can contain more
information

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3
Q

Digital publishing benefits to environment:

A

No oil based ink

No paper

Reduces carbon footprint since no transport is needed

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4
Q

Paper/printed copy advantages:

A

Low cost

Can be produced on site

Not prone to viruses/data theft

Freehand drawings are a quick way of generating a range of ideas

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5
Q

Ways to benefit environment when printing:

A

Use recyclable material

Use less material (paper/cardboard)

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6
Q

What are the two types of fonts?

A

Sans serif

Serif

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7
Q

Sans serif typeface qualities:

A

Easier to read

Modern

Simple

Younger target market

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8
Q

Serif typeface qualities:

A

Fancy

Elegant

Older

Appeals to older target market

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9
Q

Design elements and principles:

A

Alignment

Unity

Dominance

Contrast

Depth

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10
Q

Use of alignment and types:

A

Alignment structures a page.

Types: horizontal, left, right, centre alignment

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11
Q

Use of unity and examples:

A

Unity links a page together.

Types: Repetition of fonts, colours, shapes, text size. Text wrap and line behind aspects on a page.

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12
Q

Use of dominance and examples:

A

Dominance is used to draw your eye to an aspect of a page and is often the first thing you look at.

Types: largest item on page, most contrasting aspect of page, most intricate aspect

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13
Q

Use of contrast and types:

A

Contrast is used to make aspects of a page stand out and makes the page more eye-catching.

Types: contrasting scale, fonts, text sizes, shapes, colours

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14
Q

DTP features:

A

Column

Margin

Gutter

Caption

Header

Running headline

Heading

Title

Footer

Folio

Column rule/rule

Indent

Hanging indent

Line spacing

Pull quote

Justification

Drop cap

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15
Q

DTP edits:

A

Crop (square and full crop)

Rotate

Text box

Handles

Text wrap

Flow text along a path

Colour fill

Colour picking

Textured fills

Gradient fill

Transparency

Drop shadow

Serif, sans serif and script fonts

Reverse

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16
Q

2D CAD commands:

A

Trim, elipse, arc, line, fillet, chamfer etc.

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17
Q

3D CAD commands (mentioned in modelling plans):

A

Extrude

Subtract

Shell

Linear array

Box array

Workplane

Revolve

Radial array (draw + extrude shape first then copy face and use radial array around centre axis- state how many times wanted)

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18
Q

Constraints:

A

Mate (constrain)

Align (flush)

Centre axis (insert)

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19
Q

Types of views:

A

Detailed, exploded, assembled, sectional

Isometric, oblique, planometric, one and two point perspective

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20
Q

Use of detailed views:

A

An enlarged view to show intricate details.

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21
Q

Use of exploded isometric views:

A

To see how components/parts assemble together and which order

Clear view of each component

Easier to understand by a wider audience (non-technical
person)

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22
Q

Use of assembled views:

A

To see assembled product with components in correct position, to make sure parts fit together properly

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23
Q

Use of sectional views:

A

To see interior details.

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24
Q

What does ⬆️ mean in a scaled drawing?

A

Shows you where North is.

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25
Q

How to calculate dimensions from scaled drawings:

A

Measure length with ruler then divide/multiply to get into needed units.

Multiply/divide to meet scale.

(1:50 = multiply measurements by 50)

(2:1 = divide measurements by 2)

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26
Q

Advantages of a CAD library:

A

Same components can be used repeatedly

No need to redraw/remodel repeated components

Less chance of errors

Speeds up production

Standardisation of components

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27
Q

What to say on a design elements + principles if unsure?

A

Creates visual impact

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28
Q

How to reduce the environmental impact of manufacturing packaging:

A

Reduce the gauge/thickness of card

Reduce spacing between cards to reduce the amount of waste

Reduce excess/unnecessary material

Use sustainable inks

Use recycled card/paper

Use recyclable card/paper

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29
Q

What are the 3 Ps?

A

Preliminary, production, promotional

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30
Q

Purpose of preliminary sketches:

A

To explore ideas

To plan for 3D modelling

To show to the client

Should be quick to produce

To aid the development of ideas

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31
Q

Purpose of production drawings:

A

To create CAD components and assembly drawings which can be shared with a manufacturer to show the dimensions of a component or product.

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32
Q

Purpose of promotional layouts:

A

Used to promote the product, company, service

Provide potential customers with an idea of what the finished construction project will look like

They can appear ‘less technical’ than production drawings

They tend to be more easily understood than production drawings

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33
Q

Types of views:

A

Oblique (front face shows, lines go back 45 degrees)

Isometric (corner/edge shows, lines go back 30 degrees)

Planometric (corner/edge shows and makes a right angle, one line goes back 30 degrees and the other goes back 60 degrees)

One point perspective (front face shows and lines meet at a vanishing point)

Two point perspective (corner/edge shows and lines go back to two separate vanishing points)

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34
Q

When referring to an exploded view, what must you state?

A

The view type

Exploded isometric view

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35
Q

Advantage to users of not having text in an instruction manual:

A

Universal understanding

Simpler to follow

Layout becomes less cluttered

Allows images to be enlarged

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36
Q

Advantage to manufacturer of not having text in an instruction manual:

A

No need for different versions in alternative languages

Speeds up production of the instruction manual

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37
Q

How to make a shade of a colour:

A

Add black or grey

38
Q

How to make a tint of a colour:

A

Add white

39
Q

Primary colours:

A

Red, blue, yellow

40
Q

What are secondary colours?

A

A mix of two primary colours

41
Q

What are tertiary colours?

A

A mix of a primary and secondary colour

42
Q

Why are primary colours suitable for use in a school setting?

A

Suitable for children

43
Q

What is the name of the technique used to give a greyscale model the
appearance of wood, concrete, etc.?

A

Material or texture

44
Q

Balance types:

A

Asymmetrical balance - easier to read things on other side of page, makes more room for text, creates an asymmetric focal point

Symmetrical balance- creates a central focal point, eye catching

45
Q

Benefits of using 3D CAD models for manufacturing:

A

Can test how the 3D model looks with different materials.

Complex forms can be achieved in 3D CAD/CADCAM.

Changes to the 3D model can be made easily/quickly.

Easy to re-make if issues identified. (Easier to modify)

Can be used with a variety of CAM processes.

Can test/simulate the model.

Helps to ensure accuracy of
dimensions.

Can check if components assemble accurately.

Orthographic drawings can be
generated from a 3D CAD model.

Can be electronically shared.

Can be used for illustrative purposes.

Speed of production.

46
Q

Ways a designer could improve final renders if they were dark, pixelated or poor quality:

A

Increase render settings

Higher resolution render

Improve lighting/shadows

Larger image output when
rendering

File type choice

Edit the material texture

47
Q

What can line create?

A

Boundaries

48
Q

Types of charts/graphs:

A

Table- Variety of different types of information to be conveyed

Line graph- Shows a trend/change over a period of time, compares two sets of data, shows the steady growth over a specific period of time

Bar chart- a comparison between a y value in an individual time period can be shown

Pie chart- Shows percentages, proportions of a whole, numbers add up to a whole, illustrates and compares percentages, each segment is proportional to the quantity it represents, a segment has a dedicated colour to differentiate it from other segments

49
Q

Advantages of cropping an image:

A

Improved integration of text and graphics.

Allows image to be placed into alternative contexts.

Can declutter the image making it more of a focal point.

50
Q

Advantages to a designer of having their portfolio published online rather than being printed:

A

Reach wider audience.

Reduction in cost as no paper/ink costs apply.

Ease of editing.

Ease of sharing/sharing updates.

Easy to access anywhere.

Instant communication with wider audience.

Advantages of Cloud/Online
storage to back up.

51
Q

Advantages to a designer of using DTP software to produce a layout:

A

Ease of integration of graphics and images.

Can be easily manipulated to create eye catching designs.

Can create documents that have varied layouts (more than a word processing package).

Layer function can be used to overlap elements.

Ease of editing.

Variety of fonts are available to
try.

Grid/guide tools can be used to
enable accurate alignment of
elements.

Speed of production.

Wide range of colour schemes
available.

Access to a wide range of
additional media.

Layout would be more accurate.

52
Q

Why would a designer use icons?

A

Simple to view and identify.

Speed of communication.

No language barrier.

Increased visual interest.

53
Q

Reasons why a 3D CAD illustration would be useful in the promotion a product:

A

This type of graphic is easily
understood by non-technical
people.

Provides a realistic representation of the product.

Perspective view provides
realism.

Shows materials.

Shows colours.

Shows the product fully
assembled.

54
Q

Advantages of exploded isometric views:

A

Clear to see outlines of parts.

Uncluttered by materials and
colours.

No requirement to print in colour.

Dashed trails indicate assembly
method.

Elevation view further clarifies.

Shows how parts fit together.

Labels indicating parts to aid
clarity.

55
Q

Disadvantages of exploded isometric views:

A

A technical style of graphic that some audiences may struggle to interpret.

Tangent edges are shown and may confuse audience.

Only a partial exploded view.

Overlapping components.

56
Q

Advantages of 3D CAD illustrations:

A

Realistic.

Clear view.

Easily understood by a wide
audience.

Can see materials/colours of
product.

Perspective view adds to realism.

Shows how parts fit together.

Labels indicating parts adding
clarity.

57
Q

Disadvantages of 3D CAD illustrations:

A

High print cost due to requirement to colour print.

Shadows can obscure some visibility.

Only a partial exploded view.

Overlapping components.

58
Q

Purpose of third angle projection symbol:

A

To show the way the views are projected/laid out.

To show projection type used.

Orientation/layout of views.

59
Q

Pieces of information that should be included in a title block:

A

Scale.

Date.

Product name.

Drawing/Page number.

Drawn by.

Tolerances.

Unit of measurement.

Materials.

Company brand.

Drawing type.

60
Q

Warm colours are… and cold colours are…

A

Advancing, receding

61
Q

In terms of environmental impact, why is it important to carefully consider the layout of multiple parts?

A

To reduce material waste.

62
Q

Why can a 2D CAD line drawing be produced more quickly than a 3D CAD model?

A

No depth to produce

No multiple components to assemble

Fewer steps required

63
Q

Benefits of a 3D CAD model over a 2D CAD drawing:

A

Model can be manipulated to be viewed 360 degrees

More realistic

Depth is visible

Imported into an environment

Lighting effects can be applied to 3D models

Can enable CAD/CAM

Simulation and animation

64
Q

Use of a chain thin line:

A

Centre lines

65
Q

Use of a continuous thick line:

A

Visible edges and outlines

66
Q

Use of long dash dotted thin line, thick at ends:

A

Cutting planes

67
Q

Benefits of sharing orthographic drawings online:

A

pollution

shipping impact

printing materials

immediacy of access

reaching wider audience

allows easy access for others to modify

open source format allows others to manufacture it

68
Q

Why would it be useful to adhere to British Standard conventions and protocols when sharing orthographic drawings?

A

Common language

Aids comprehension

Multiple people working on same project

69
Q

Advantages to the client of modern printing techniques over traditional painting techniques:

A

More complex images can be produced

Larger range of colours

Easier to replace/renew

Faster application process

Accuracy of print

Repeatability

70
Q

Advantages of using guidelines in the creation of promotional layouts:

A

aids alignment

aids accuracy

aids structure

description of being moveable

visibility can be turned on/off

elements can be snapped to them

can be bespoke to individual layouts or multiple layouts (master pages)

71
Q

Ways hatching can be varied:

A

Hatching runs in opposite direction

Vary the spacing/pitch of hatching

Vary the angle of hatching (other than 45o)

72
Q

Components or features that are not normally hatched in a sectional view:

A

Webs, Axle/shafts, Screws, Bolts, Nuts, Pins, Holes, Voids, Washer

73
Q

How can a busy location of a billboard influence the design of
the final layout?

A

Information conveyed quickly

Exposure to audience is time limited

Eye catching design to create instant interest

Information is kept to a minimum

Large dominant image

74
Q

Ways these grid and snap to grid can assist a graphic designer:

A

Ensures correct alignment

Effective spacing

Allows a good level of accuracy

Speeds up process

Negates use of guides.

Assist in sizing of objects

75
Q

Benefit of using mirror:

A

Guarantees level of accuracy/symmetry

Time saved by not having to redraw

76
Q

Ways a designer could use the DTP software to ensure the same colour scheme was used on everything:

A

Colour picking process (use colour picker and fill graphics using colour selected)

Note the colour codes of a graphic and apply consistently to other graphics

Copy and paste a graphic and manipulate

Make use of a standard colour palette

77
Q

Use of transparency:

A

Transparency makes sure the background graphic does not distract from the main focus of the promotional item.

To make the product stand out more.

78
Q

Factors that would influence the choice of scale in a drawing:

A

Size of media

Size of object

Level of detail

Drawing type

79
Q

How to add another shell after one has already been done (to shell additional details)

A

1) delete original shell
2) redo shell

80
Q

Advantages that remote working offers to a company:

A

Easy to send electronically to relevant people

Easy to collaborate with more people in different locations

Allows 24 hour working globally

Option to work at different locations other than their own office

Reduction in need to travel

81
Q

Why is an oblique view a good option for things like lodges?

A

It is the preferred option when there are circles or radii involved in the 1 front view – as is the case with the lodge.

Ability to show an accurate elevation but also giving the impression of 3D form.

82
Q

Use of a chain thin double dashed line:

A

Fold line

83
Q

State the CAD feature that would allow a CAD technician to produce a variety of assemblies quickly and efficiently.

A

CAD library

84
Q

Explain how the production of an app can be simplified by having the graphic elements already digitally produced:

A

Graphic elements such as the
logo, chair silhouette and shapes can be stored centrally and reused.

Graphic elements can be dragged and dropped if the programs used are compatible.

Having the elements already created saves time and effort.

Font matching is easier

Colour matching is easier

Editing is possible of pre-existing
graphics

85
Q

Why would a graphic designer produce a scaled down test print on A3 paper before sending to the external printing company?

A

Allows designer to check for any
errors/mistakes before final
print.

Designer can show layout to
client before final print.

Scaled down version uses less
ink/toner/paper.

Can be printed quickly on a
desktop printer - no need for specialist output equipment.

86
Q

What is harmony?

A

Colours next to each other on the colour wheel.

87
Q

Disadvantages to a design company of using 3D CAD modelling instead of traditional manual modelling:

A

Start-up costs

Staff training on new software/ technology

Cost to regularly update software

Costs for maintenance of
equipment

Potential loss of work/files
through system crashes

Easy theft of data/hacking

Ergonomic testing cannot take
place

88
Q

Why would a designer move an image from the middle to the side of a page?

A

To create a more usable space to the right

To make room for text

To make use of the ‘Rule of thirds’ in the layout

To create an asymmetric balance

To create an off centre focal point

89
Q

State the type of orthographic production drawings that will normally include dimensions.

A

Component or part drawings

90
Q

State where on orthographic drawings, the information “All sizes in mm” would be found.

A

Title block

Nat 5 Graphics (1 decks)

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