Needs Of Individuals and Heath factors Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is energy balance?
Energy input = energy output
Needs of toddlers
Small portions Starchy foods Nicely presented - appealing Variety - all the nutrients Low fat/sugar/salty food
Children (5-10)
Balanced Daily exercise Iron/calcium/vitamin D/protein/carbs/vitamin A No over feeding Low sugar/fat
Teenagers (11-19)
1000-1200 calories a day More iron/calcium Avoid high in fat/sugar Less snacking 3 meals a day
Adults (20-65)
Not much energy needed - limited exercise and little growth
Balanced
Calories related to job
Elderly (65+)
Less energy foods - not as active
Enough protein - cells still repairing
Enough iron/calcium/vitamin D/fibre
Pregnant women
More protein/fibre and energy foods
Enough iron/calcium/vitamin D - help baby grow
Vitamin A - helps absorb calcium and vitamin D
Vitamin B12 - Normal formation of neural tube
Folic acid growth of nerves in baby
Lactating women
More protein/fibre and energy foods
Enough iron/calcium/vitamin C
Vitamin A - helps absorb calcium and vitamin D
Vitamin B12 - Normal formation of neural tube
200 more calories than pregnant women
Lacto-ovo vegetarians
No meat/fish/poultry
Get essential amino acids through protein complementation from LBV sources
Twice as much iron
Health benefits - lower diabetes/heart disease/obesity
Vegans
No animal products Need at least 5 portions fruit/veg Base meals on starchy foods Beans/pulses/other protein substitutes Calcium - pulses/dried fruit Vitamin D - sun Iron - pulses/nuts B12 - fortified foods Omega 3 - walnuts/rapeseed oil
Allergies
A damaging immune response by the body to a substance (particular food)
Person must avoid the food or reaction could occur
Different strengths
Caused by immune systems
Allergens
A substances that causes an allergic reaction must clearly be labelled on packaging
Intolerances
Inability to eat a food without an effect
Not caused by the immune system
Religion (Islam)
No pork/alcohol/coffee/tea
Fasting at specific periods
Religion (Judaism)
No pork
No meat and dairy at same meal
Fasting days
Religion (Hinduism)
No beef/ other meats avoided
No alcohol
Fasting days
Religion (Buddhism)
Vegetarian is desirable
Moderation in all foods
Fasting (monks)
Factors affecting food choice
Job Culture/religion Health Concerns Cost Environmental issues Availability and preference
Health concerns
Obesity Diabetes Heart disease Dental Cavities Excess fat/salt High cholesterol
Government promotion to healthy diet
5 a day
Increased NSP
Decreased sugar/salt/fat
How are eating habits changing?
One parent families Unemployment Cultural influences More places to eat out Environmental issues Cost Working mothers
Environmental issues
Fair trade Organic Locally sourced Free range Food miles Seasonal GM crops Recyclable
