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Microbiology > Neisseria, Anaerobes & Tetanus > Flashcards

Neisseria, Anaerobes & Tetanus Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

what is a sp of neisseria commonly isolated from plaque

A

N subflava

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2
Q

where is neisseira located

A

oropharynx
nasopahryn
anogenital mucous membranes

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3
Q

what is the structure of neisseirai

A

gm -ve
diplococci
oval pair/clumps
non motile

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4
Q

does neisseira produce endospores

A

no

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5
Q

is neisseiria aerobic or anaerobic

A

aerobes

- oxidase +ve and catalase +ve

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6
Q

what is commonly produced by neisseria

A

cytochrome oxidase

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7
Q

what s subflava imp for

A

transisitoin of boil plaque

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8
Q

how many sp of neisseira pathogenic

A

2

  • n. gonorrhoea
  • n. meningitides
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9
Q

what are some conditions caused by n gonorrhoeae

A 
gonorrhoea - STD 
cervicitis 
pelvic inflam - severe
bacteriamia
arthritis
conjunctivitis 
pharyngitis
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10
Q

what re some of the conditions caused by N. meningitides

A

meningitis - severe
bacteraemia
pneumonia
arthritis

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11
Q

what is N pharyngitis

A

harmless commensal found in throat

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12
Q

what re some key features of gonorrhoeae

A

STD
sensitive to FA and temp
acute and chronic

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13
Q

what are some key virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae

A

capsule and pili
phase variation via gene conversion
protease prod

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14
Q

what si th infection of n gonorrhoea like

A

local infection UGT =pus
acute easy dia in males
pharyngitis
conjunctivitis newborn

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15
Q

how is n gonorrhoea ID and treat

A

swabs
gm stain
cooked blood agar
penicillin (resist issue)

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16
Q

what si the resistance issue of n gonorrhoea

A

highest level antimicrobial resist due to easy trans and difficult to treat

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17
Q

what is meningitis

A

infect/inflam meninges

- bas & viral

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18
Q

what are the microorganisms responsible cause of meningitis

A

n. meningitides (large scale epidemics)
S. pneumonia
H influenza

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19
Q

explain the action/features of n menigitidis

A

acute suppurative meningitis
blood infection
in nasopharynx
crowded conc carriers

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20
Q

how is meningitis trans

A

aerosolisation of resp tract sec (winter disease)

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21
Q

what are some symptoms of meningitis

A 
abrupt onset 
malaise
high fever
possible rash 
stiff neck 
neurological effects
coma
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22
Q

how’s a meningococcal rash appear

Study These Flashcards
A

damage to lying of blood vessels cause to leak to more superficial layers of skin

23
Q

whats the microbial ID of meningitis

Study These Flashcards
A

non motile
gm -ve
diplococcus
serotypes A B C

24
Q

how is mengiitis diagnosed

Study These Flashcards
A

CFS and serogroup sp anticapsular Ab recations

25
how is meningitis controlled and treated
emergency penicillin and ampicillin meningococcal C conjugate vaccine meningococcal B vaccine
26
what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm +ve cocci and non spore form bacilli
actinomyces - caries/actinomycosis propionibac - prostate cancer lactobacillus - caries eubacterium
27
what re some anaerobic disease causing bac gm -ve cocci and bacilli
``` bacteroides fusobacterium - perio D veillonella porphyromonas - perio D prevotella - perio D ```
28
what si clostridium
aerobic/aerotolerant gm +ve bacilli form endospores in GI trat and enviro
29
what disease does c difficult cause
pseudomembranous colitis
30
what disease does c botulinum cause
botulism
31
what disease does C tetani cause
tetanus
32
what is C tetani - habitat - appearance
- soil and humans - terminal spores - tennis racquet * NEUROTOXIN*
33
what is the pathogenesis of tetanus
- small wound - spores - germ and grow anaerobic - local infect/inflam - toxin prod released when lyse
34
explain the effect of the tetanus toxin
TeNT bind neuronal mem - into move by retrograde axonal trans in CNS block GABA
35
what does tetanus toxin cause
spastic paralysis - headache - drool - lock jaw - muscle spasms - rigidity
36
how is tetanus - treat - control
- antitoxin, clean nd debridement, penicillin | - immunise ag DPT vaccine and boosters
37
what are the keyafaetures of C botulinum
``` gm +ve obligate anaerobe sub terminal endospores four groups prod neurotoxin ```
38
what si the neurotoxin prod by c botulinum like
``` two chained polyps protease target SNARE proteins prevent vesicle anchoring and release Ach FLACCID PARALYSIS ```
39
what is a common source of botulism
incorrect refrigeration incomplete cook prep canned food
40
what are some symptoms of botulism in an adult
``` 18-36 hours after expo blur vision droop eyelids slurred speech dry mouth muscle weakness resp fail ```
41
what are some infant symptoms of botulism
lethargy constipated weak cry poor muscle toen
42
what is 'botox'
purified type a toxin
43
what is the cosmetic procedure of botox
facial muscle parlays and wrinkle reduction | up to 6 months
44
what does clostridium difficult cause
pseudomembranos coliits
45
what can ba cause of c diff
antibiotic therapy | - proliferates in absence of normal flora
46
what is pseudomembranous colitis
antibiotic assc diarrhoea - ampicillin, cephalosporin and clindamycin mild - serve
47
what are the key virulence of c diff
toxins A & B bind and internalise to intestina epi cells impair function of intestinal epi cells stim cytokines release and activation of macrophages and monocytes
48
why was there a c diff epidemic
staring prod more toxins antibiotic reisstance increased sporultion
49
how is there a diagnosis made for c diff
stool sample - aerobic culture - selective media - gm +ve, spore forming immunoassay of toxin a and b
50
what is the treatment of c dif
stop predisposing Ab treatment fluid replacement oral vancomycin as this doesnt abs in gut
51
how is c diff prevented
``` early diagnosis isolation hand washing prudent antimicrobial prescribing by all education ```
52
are spores of c diff inactivated by alcohol
no
53
what are some risk factors with c diff
``` Ab increasing age long hospital stay serious underlying illness major surgery ```

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