Nematoda

Question 1

Ecdysozoa

Answer 1

Large superphylum that includes:
Nematodes
Tardigrades
Arthropods

Question 2

Ecdysooa characterized by the presence of

Answer 2

Cuticle

Question 3

Cuticle

Answer 3

Tough but flexible exoskeleton that protects the organism from external dangers

Question 4

Ecdysis

Answer 4

Animals regularly molt the cuticle through this

Question 5

No common body plan

Answer 5

Nematodes are pseudocoelomate, arthropods are coelomate

Question 6

Nematoda

Answer 6

Free living or parasitic
28,000 identified species; around 16,000 are parasites

Question 7

Nematodes inhabit

Answer 7

Every habitat

Question 8

Nematoda characteristics

Answer 8

Psuedocoelomate
Circular cross-section

Question 9

Most nematodes are tiny

Answer 9

Typically less than 5cm long and many are parasitic

Question 10

Parasitic nematodes length

Answer 10

Reach more than 1m in length

Question 11

Nematode cuticle

Answer 11

Made up of collagen
Secreted by the epidermis
Shed throughout growth

Question 12

Cuticle contains

Answer 12

Hydrostatic pressure in the pseudocel

Question 13

The cuticle protects

Answer 13

the worm from the external environment

Question 14

Fluid filled pseudocoel serves as

Answer 14

A hydrostatic skeleton

Question 15

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 15

Higher in nematodes than in other animals with hydrostatic skeletons

Question 16

Nematode muscle

Answer 16

Only have a longitudinal layer

Question 17

Nematode movement

Answer 17

Whiplike

Question 18

Nematode muscular movement

Answer 18

Nematodes rely on hydrostatic pressure to antagonize the muscles

Question 19

Nematodes have a complete digestive system

Answer 19

Mouth, pharynx, intestine, rectum, and anus

Question 20

Free-living nematodes feed on

Answer 20

bacteria, yeasts, fungi, and algae

Question 21

Predatory nematodes

Answer 21

Hunt smaller animals such as tardigrades and other nematodes

Question 22

Adult parasitic nematodes

Answer 22

Have an anaerobic metabolism

Question 23

Some free-living nematodes and free-living stages of parasitic nematodes

Answer 23

Have an aerobic metabolism

Question 24

How many longitudinal nerve cords do nematodes have?

Answer 24

4

Question 25

What do the nerve cords in nematodes fuse to form at the anterior end

Answer 25

Pharyngeal nerve ring around the pharynx

Question 26

Nematode sensory organs

Answer 26

Simple sensory papillae and more complex amphids

Question 27

Amphids

Answer 27

Chemosensory organs found near the head

Question 28

Parastic nematodes' chemosensory organs

Answer 28

Phasmids

Question 29

Nematodes do nothave

Answer 29

protonephridia cillia

Question 30

Nematode excretory systems either have

Answer 30

Gland cells, a canal system, or both

Question 31

Most nematodes are Dioecious

Answer 31

Males are smaller than females Fertilization is internal

Question 32

Ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 32

One of the most common nematodes involved in human infections

Question 33

Ascaris lumbricoides transmission

Answer 33

Occurs via contaminated soil or produce contaminated with said soil

Question 34

Ascaris lumbricoides larvae

Answer 34

Mature in the lungs and then move up to the throat to be swallowed

Question 35

Adult ascaris lumbricoides

Answer 35

Live in the small intestine Lifespan ranges from 1 to 2 years Feed on intestinal contents

Question 36

Ascaris infection can cause

Answer 36

abdominal symptoms and allergic reactions

Question 37

Hookworms

Answer 37

Anterior end resembles a hook

Question 38

Hookworm eggs

Answer 38

Passed through feces and juveniles feed on bacteria

Question 39

Hookworm infective juveniles

Answer 39

Burrow into human skin and then to the intestine where they feed on blood

Question 40

Hookworm heavy infections

Answer 40

Cause anemia

Question 41

Trichinellosis

Answer 41

Caused by a number of species in the genus Trichinella

Question 42

Trichinella adult females

Answer 42

Produce live young in the smal lintestine

Question 43

Trichinella juveniles

Answer 43

Penetrate blood vessels

Question 44

Once the Trichinella juveniles reach skeletal muscle cells

Answer 44

They redirect gene expression

Question 45

What do muscle cells lose in Trichinella

Answer 45

Striations and becomes a nurse cell that provides nutrition to the worm

Question 46

Trichinella release into the intestines

Answer 46

Consumption of raw/poorly cooked meat with the cysts

Question 47

Trichinella infects

Answer 47

Humans, hogs, rats, cats, dogs, and other mammals

Question 48

Pinworms

Answer 48

Most common nematode parasite in the US

Question 49

Pinworm scientific name

Answer 49

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 50

Pinworms cause

Answer 50

Relatively little disease

Question 51

Pinworm adults live

Answer 51

In the large intestine

Question 52

Pinworm females lay their eggs

Answer 52

In the anal region at night

Question 53

Scratching the pinworm itch

Answer 53

Contaminates hands and bedclothes

Question 54

When pinworm eggs are swallowed

Answer 54

They hatch in the duodenum then mature in the small intestine

Question 55

Filarial worms

Answer 55

Some species infect humans

Question 56

Filarial worms (Heartworms)

Answer 56

Frequent causes of disease in dogs

Question 57

Elephantiasis

Answer 57

Caused by Wuchereria bancrofti and results in parts of the body swelling severly