Nematode Review

Question 1

The scientific name for pseudoheartworm?

Answer 1

Acanthoheilonema reconditum

Question 2

What are the methods for transmission for Roundworms?

Answer 2

Direct (fecal/oral)
Transplacental
Transmammary
Predation of foreign hosts
Zoonotic

Question 3

What 5 clinical signs are seen with a hookworm infection?

Answer 3

Blood loss and GI irritation
Weakness
Secondary signs of hepatitis and pneumonia
Anemia
Diarrhea

Question 4

Microfilaria

Answer 4

Canine heartworm

Question 5

Nematodes

Answer 5

Roundworms

Question 6

What is the prepatent period for whipworms?

Answer 6

70-90 days

Question 7

Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 7

Canine hookworm

Question 8

What can hookworms cause in puppies and kittens?

Answer 8

Severe anemia

Question 9

What are the four/grades of heartworm disease and the related symptoms?

Answer 9

Class 1(mild): Occasional cough, fatigue w/ exercise, mildloss of condition
Class 2(moderate):Occasional cough, fatigue w/ exercise, mild to moderate loss of condition
Class 3(severe): General loss of condition, fatigue w/ mild activity, occasional or persistant cough
Class 4(very severe): Caval Syndrome

Question 10

How do we diagnose hookworm, roundworm or whipworms?

Answer 10

Stool samples- fecal floats

Blood sample- snap tests

Question 11

What is Caval Syndrome?

Answer 11

A condition that develops when a mass of heartworms are in the right ventrical, right atrium, and also the vena cava.

Question 12

Helminths are a grouping of?

Answer 12

Nematodes
Tapeworms
Flukes

Question 13

Condition that involves a certain parasite under the human skin. What is this parasite called?

Answer 13

Ancylostoma zoonosis

Hookworm

Question 14

Simple type of nematode

Answer 14

Roundworm

Toxocara canis

Question 15

Adult ascarids are what length?

Answer 15

3-18 cm in length

Question 16

Heartworm life cycle

Answer 16

Patency 6-7months
L3 microfilaria
3-4 days larval development
L4 stage larvae
2-3 months larvae development
adult heartworm
3-4 months

Question 17

What is an endoparasite?

Answer 17

A parasite that lives within the body

Question 18

A type of ova that is seen in dogs. (Hey Arnold!)

Answer 18

Whipworm

Trichuris vulpis

Question 19

What other animals besides dogs and contract heartworm?

Answer 19

Cats

Ferrets

Question 20

What is the difference between infection and infestation?

Answer 20

Infection- Can be caused by a parasite within the body

Infestation- Outside/ on the body or environment

Question 21

What type of round ova is seen in a cat?

Answer 21

Toxocara cati ova

Roundworm ova

Question 22

What are two feline whipworms?

Answer 22

Trichuroidea campanula

Trichuroidea serrata

Question 23

What type of oval-shaped ova is seen in a dog?

Answer 23

Ancylostoma caninum ova

Hookworm ova

Question 24

What type of nematode is thick on one end and thin at the other?

Answer 24

Trichuroidea

Whipworm

Question 25

Tracheal migration route

Answer 25

2nd stage larvae is consumed The stomach is penetrated by larvae Larvae migrate through the liver tissue Larvae enter vena cava and into lungs Then they migrate up the trachea and go into the esophagus Goes back to the stomach, molts to 3rd stage and matures in the small intestine, copulates and produces eggs.

Question 26

Roundworm lifecycle

Answer 26

``` Eggs are laid in the small intestine Eggs passed in feces Eggs embryonate Embryonamted eggs in feces Embryonanted eggs ingested by an intermediate host Tissues of intermediate host ingested by god Embyronated eggs ingested by dog Transmission routes to offspring ```

Question 27

Explain the definitive host and intermediate host.

Answer 27

Definitive host- Harbors adult stages of parasite | Intermediate host- Harbors immature stages of parasite

Question 28

What type of round ova is seen in a dog?

Answer 28

Ascaroidea canis ova | Roundworm ova

Question 29

Ancylostoma caninum

Answer 29

Canine hookworm

Question 30

Ancylostoma tubaeforme

Answer 30

Feline hookworm

Question 31

Ancylostoma bronziliense

Answer 31

Canine and feline hookworm

Question 32

Uncinaria stenocephala

Answer 32

Northern canine hookworm

Question 33

Type of egg shaped ova seen in both cats and dogs

Answer 33

Toxocaris leonina ova | Roundworm ova

Question 34

What is parasitism?

Answer 34

Two different species of organisms in which one lives on/in the other and may cause harm

Question 35

Why are whipworms not seen in very young puppies?

Answer 35

They have a prepatent period of 70-90 days.

Question 36

What tye of zoonosis can hookworms cause in humans?

Answer 36

Ancylostoma zoonosis- Infective larvae penetrate the skin causing cutaneous larval migrans.

Question 37

Whipworms eggs have polar plugs with _________ at both ends.

Answer 37

Operculum

Question 38

What type of zoonosis can roundworms cause in humans?

Answer 38

VLM- visceral larval migrans OLM- ocular larval migrans Baylisascaris procyonis- neural larval migrans

Question 39

An immature parasite commonly seen in blood samples

Answer 39

Microfilaria

Question 40

Name 3 ascarids in dogs and cats.

Answer 40

Toxocara canis Toxocara cati Toxocara leonina

Question 41

What are the infective stages for: Roundworm Hookworm Whipworm

Answer 41

Roundworm: 2nd stage Hookworm: 3rd stage Whipworm: 2nd stage

Question 42

What are the methods of transmission for the hookworm?

Answer 42

``` Skin penetration Direct(fecal/oral) Transplacental Transmammary Predation of foreign hosts ```

Question 43

What is an incidental parasite?

Answer 43

A parasite that is in the wrong host.

Question 44

Somatic migration route

Answer 44

Larvae is consumed Stomach is penetrated and hepatic portal is entered Larvae migrates throught the liver tissue Larvae enters vena cava and into lungs Larvae then travels to various sites

Question 45

How many larval stages do roundworms have?

Answer 45

4 larval stages

Question 46

What is the prepatent period for the canine heartworm?

Answer 46

6 months

Question 47

Nematode with a "hook" shaped end

Answer 47

Ancylostoma caninum | Hookworm

Question 48

What is the difference between a direct and indirect lifecycle?

Answer 48

Indirect- needs a host to continue life stages | Direct- Can live entire lifecycle in one host

Question 49

What are 5 clinical signs associated with roundworm infections?

Answer 49

``` Obstruction of intestinal tract Pulmonary edema Restlessness Dull coat Emaciation ```

Question 50

What is a prepatent period?

Answer 50

Infection to detection

Question 51

What two ways can you diagnose heartworm disease?

Answer 51

Observing microfilaria in blood samples | Snap test

Question 52

What is a method of transmission for whipworms?

Answer 52

Fecal/oral (direct)

Question 53

What is the prepatent period for T. canis and T. leonina?

Answer 53

Toxocara canis- 21-35 days | Toxocara leonina- 74 days