Nematodes Flashcards
(324 cards)
1
Q
what do you call adult female parasite that doesn’t require male parasite to reproduce?
A
Parthenogenic
2
Q
what do you call parasites that have male and female reproductive organs?
A
Dioecious
3
Q
most common intestinal nematode in man in Philippines
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
4
Q
Common name of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Giant intestinal roundworm / eelworm
4
Q
It is the largest nematode
A
Ascaris lumbricoides
5
Q
it harbors the sexual or the adult stage of parasite
A
definitive / Final Host
6
Q
it harbors the asexual or larval stage of the parasite
A
Intermediate Host
7
Q
Final Host of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Man
8
Q
Habitat of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Small intestine
9
Q
Diagnostic stage of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Ova and adult
10
Q
It is the stage that aids the laboratorian to identify the specie of the parasite
A
Diagnostic stage
11
Q
It is the stage in the cycle that could infect the host
A
Infective stage
12
Q
Infective stage of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Ova (embryonated egg)
13
Q
mode of transmission of Ascaris lumbricoides
A
Ingestion
14
Q
These parasites are common to infect child simultaneously. They are also called the “HOLY TRINITY”
A
“HAT”
Hookworm
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichuris trichiura
15
Q
It is the disease that is caused by the larval migration to the lungs
A
Ascaris pneumonitis
16
Q
Other term for Ascaris pneumonitis
A
Loeffler’s pneumonia
17
Q
Disease with elevated eosinophils and Charcot Leyden crystals
A
Ascaris pneomonitis
18
Q
The Ascaris of Dogs
A
Toxocara canis
19
Q
Ascaris of Cat
A
Toxocara cati
20
Q
Ascaris of pig
A
Ascaris suum
21
Q
It is the eosinophil degredation product
A
Charcot Leyden Crystals
22
Q
what are Visceral Larva Migrans
A
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Ascaris suum
23
Q
It is the term used for group of adult worm
A
Worm bolus
24
erratic epigastric pain, Diarrhea, Malnutrition are caused by what stage of Ascaris lumbricoides?
Choices:
Ova
Larva
Adult
Adult
25
Morphology of Adult Ascaris lumbricoides
creamy white with pink tint
Anterior head: trilobate lips
26
Term used for having three lips
Trilobate lips
27
3 layers of ova
1. outermost mammillation / albuminoid layer
2. middle glycogen layer
3. Inner vitelline membrane / lipoidal / lecithin layer
28
no inner vitelline layer with lecithin granules
Unfertilized Ova
29
All layers of ova are present
Fertilized corticated ova
30
No outermost mammillation layer
Fertilized decorticated ova
31
with embryo inside or presence of larva
Embryonated
32
What are the parasites found in small intestine?
"CASH"
C. philippinensis
A. lumbricoides
S. stercolaris
Hookworms
33
What are the parasites found in large intestine?
E. vermicularis
T. trichiura
34
2 common human hookworm pathogen
N. americanus
A. duodenale
35
what are the parasites that are able to migrate from intestines to lungs causing pneumonitis?
Larval stages of the ff. parasites
A. lumbricoides
S. stercoralis
Hookworms
36
elongated, cylindrical anf unsegmented
Adult worm of Nematodes
37
elongated but segmented
Adult worm of Cestodes
38
Common name is whipworm
Trichuris trichiura
39
Final host of Trichuris trichiura
Man
40
Habitat of Trichuris trichiura
large intestine
41
Diganostic stage of Trichuris trichiura
Ova
42
Infective stage Trichuris trichiura
fully embryonated egg
43
MOD of Trichuris trichiura
Ingestion
44
Pathology of Trichuris trichiura
Bloody Diarrhea
Epigastric pain
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Rectal prolapse
Hypoalbuminemia
45
Microscopic, Hypochromic anemia
Iron Deficiency Anemia
46
It is an edema due to elevated number of adult Trichuris trichiura
Rectal prolapse
47
Morphology of Trichuris trichiura that is for pin-fashion attachments
Anterior 3/5 is attenuated (from manipis to malaki)
48
sex of Trichuris trichiura that has curved posterior fleshy portion
male
49
sex of Trichuris trichiura that has pointed posterior fleshy portion
female
50
Morphology of Trichuris trichiura ova
it has prominent mucoid bipolar plugs
yellowish brown in color due to bile
51
What are the shapes of Trichuris trichiura ova?
football
Barrel
Lemon
Japanese lantern
52
It is a parasite that is termed as "close relative of Trichuris trichiura
Capillaria philippinensis
53
Who discovered Capillaria philippinensis?
Nelia Salazar
54
Where did Nelia Salazar found Capillaria philippinensis?
Pudor, Ilocos Sur
55
Common name of Capillaria philippinensis
Pudoc worm
56
final host of Capillaria philippinensis
other vertebrae or man
57
habitat of Capillaria philippinensis
small intestine
58
Diagnostic stage of Capillaria philippinensis
larva or ova found in STOOL
59
Infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis
larva or ova found in FISHES
60
MOT of Capillaria philippinensis
Ingestion of raw or uncooked fish with infected larva
61
also known as Mystery Disease
Pudoc Disease
62
gurgling sound of the stomach (Hallmark of Capillariasis)
Borborygmus
63
Pathology of Capillaria philippinensis
Mystery Disease
Borborygmus
severe diarrhea
abdominal pain
64
Morphology of Adult Capillaria philippinensis
Delicate worms
Male: with chitinized spicule
Female: usually with eggs in the uterus
65
Morphology of Capillaria philippinensis ova
with flattened mucoid bipolar plugs
with striated shells
66
What are the shapes of Capillaria philippinensis ova
guitar
peanut-shaped
67
What are the natural host of Capillaria philippinensis
Migrating birds (herons, egrets, bitterns)
68
What are the intermediate hosts of Capillaria philippinensis
Fresh water fishes / brackish water fishes
Glass fishes
Bagtu, bagsang, birot, ipon (Hypseleotris bipartita)
69
what is the term used for hermaphrodyte that has both female and male reproductive organ?
Monoecious
70
Nematodes are also known as
Round worms
71
common nematode in ma (US)
Enterobius vermicularis
72
Other names of Enterobius vermicularis
Oxyuris vermicularis
Pinworms
seatworms
Society worm
TIWA (Philippines)
73
The only host of Enterobius vermicularis
Man
74
Habitat of Enterobius vermicularis
Large intestine
75
Diagnostic stage of Enterobius vermicularis
Ova, adult
76
Infective stage
Ova
77
MOT of Enterobius vermicularis
- Ingestion (most common)
- Inhalation
- Retroinfection - nealy hatched larva migrates back into the host
- Autoinfection - hand-to-mouth transmission (adult female are nocturnals. They migrates to the anal area and lay eggs causing pruritis ani
78
Pathology of Enterobius vermicularis
- Nocturnal pruritis ani
- Insomia
- Irritation
- Loss of appetite
- Extraintestinal enterobiasis (migration of parasite from anus to vagina, uterus, or fallopian tube)
79
Morphology of adult Enterobius vermicularis
with cephalic alae (lateral way)
Male: curved posterior end; has flask-shaped or bulb-like esophagus
Female: pointed posterior end; often has gravid uterus filled with eggs
80
Morphology of Enterobius vermicularis ova
oval shaped, flattened on the side
with double-layered shell
81
What are the shapes of Enterobius vermicularis ova
loopsided ovum
"D" shaped ovum
82
Nematodes' life cycle
- egg
- larva
- adult
83
3 larval stages
L1 - rhabditiform larva
L2 - rhabditiform larva
L3 - filariform larva
84
Reproductive organ of parasite is called?
Spicule
85
Which one is larger? male or female
female
86
Which one is smaller? male or female
male
87
It lays immature or unebryonated eggs
oviparous
88
It lays mature or embryonated eggs
oviviparous or ovoviviparous
89
don't lay eggs but lay larva
viviparous or larviparous
90
Stool examination
1. Direct Fecal Smear
2. Kato-thick
3. Kato-Katz
91
uses 2 mg of stool + 1 drop of 0.85% NaCl (NSS)
Direct fecal Smear
92
Routine method of stool examination
Direct fecal Smear
93
What are the stains used for direct fecal smear?
- lugol's Iodine
- Nair's Buffered methylene Blue (BMB)
94
What is the stain that can't recover trophozoides of amoeba as they are labile
lugol's iodine
95
Direct fecal smear is examined under what microscope objective?
LPO and HPO
96
What are the reasons why you may get negative result for direct fecal smear?
1. No infection
2. early infection
3. all male infection
97
Uses 50-60 mg of stool covered with cellophane
Kato-thick
98
In kato-thick method, it is soaked in the mixture of Glycerin and malachite green solution
Cellophane
99
Clearing agent used in kato-thick
Glycerin
100
It gives a pale green color in kato-thick
malachite green
101
Substitute for malachite green in kato-thick
green cellophane soaked in glycerin
102
Other term for kato-katz
Cellophane-covered thick smear
103
Recommended method fro egg counting procedure
Kato-katz
104
kato-katz uses what other materials aside from glycerin and malachite green?
template and wire mesh
105
Concentration Techniques
1. sedimentation technique
2. floatation technique
106
what are the general principles of concentration techniques
specific gravity and centrifugation
107
this is the technique where specific gravity of parasite is higher than the reagent
sedimentation technique
108
2 methods under sedimentation technique
1. formalin-ether concentration technique
2. acid ether concentration technique
109
It is the method of choice if specimen is from animal source
acid-ether concentration technique
110
acid-ether concentration technique is recommended for the recovery of what?
Trichuris trichiura ova, Capillaria philippinensis ova, and Schistosoma ova
111
It is a technique used if the specific gravity of the parasite is lower than the reagent
floatation technique
112
a floatation technique that uses 33% zinc sulfate
Zinc sulfate concentration technique
113
when the specific gravity of stool is 1.18 means what?
It is fresh stool
114
when the specific gravity of stool is 1.20 means what?
It is fixed stool
115
recommended method for concentration of oocysts
Sheather's floatation
116
not suitable for recovery of operculated ova, hookworm ova (shrink), Schistosoma ova
Brine's floatation
117
uses salt solution and no centrifugation required
Brine's floatation
118
recommended method for recovery of enterobius vermicularis
Cellulose tape / scotch tape method
119
Time of collection for Cellulose tape / scotch tape method
Night or early morning
120
2nd most common helminth to infect man
Hookworms
121
Common name of Necator americanus
New World Hookworm
American Hookworm
American Murderer
122
Final Host of Necator americanus
man
123
Habitat of Necator americanus
Small intestine
124
Diagnostic stage of Necator americanus
Rhabditiform larva or ova (L1 and L2)
125
Infective stage of Necator americanus
3rd stage larva (filariform)
126
MOT of Necator americanus
skin penetration of infective larva
127
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Allergic reaction (dermatitis) such as ground itch, dew itch, colic itch, water sore, mazza mora
Larva
128
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Pneumonitis
Larva
129
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Larva
130
Other name of pneumonitis
Wakana Disease
131
Other name for Cutaneous Larva Migrans
Creepy eruptions
132
It is caused by larva of animal hookworms
Cutaneous Larva Migrans
133
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Epigastric discomfort
Adult
134
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Malnutrition
Adult
135
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Edema
Adult
136
Pathology due to Necator americanus LARVA or ADULT?
Iron Deficiency Anemia together with T. trichiura
Adult
137
True or False
Adult hookworms compete with host for nutrients
True
138
Shape of Necator americanus adult
S-shaped
139
Buccal cavity of Necator americanus adult
Semilunar cutting plates
140
Copulatory Bursa of Necator americanus adult
Bipartite (2 digits) Barbed / Bristle like
141
what are 2 animal hookworms?
1. Ancylostoma caninum
2. Ancylostoma braziliense
142
What is cat hookworm?
Ancylostoma braziliense
143
animal hookworm with 2 pairs of teeth
Ancylostoma braziliense
144
what is dog hookworm?
Ancylostoma caninum
145
animal hookworm with 3 pairs of teeth
Ancylostoma caninum
146
Morphology of Necator americanus ova
ovoidal, thin-shelled and colorless
147
Morphology of Necator americanus larva
Rhabditiform:
Buccal Cavity: ________
Genital Primordium: ________
Filariform:
Sheath:________
Tail: _______
Rhabditiform:
Buccal Cavity: Long buccal Cavity
Genital Primordium: Short/small genital primordium
Filariform:
Sheath: sheathed
Tail: Pointed tail
148
Feeding stage (open mouth)
Rhabditiform
149
non feeding stage (close mouth)
Filariform
150
Emerging hookworm specie can be found in human
ancylostoma ceylanicum
151
Other name of Ancylostoma duodenale
Old World Hookworm
152
Final Host of Ancylostoma duodenale
man
153
diagnostic stage of Ancylostoma duodenale
Rhabditiform larva / ova
154
Habitat of Ancylostoma duodenale
small intestine
155
Infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale
3rd satge larva (filariform)
156
MOT of Ancylostoma duodenale
Skin penetration of infective larva
157
Shape of Ancylostoma duodenale adult
C-shaped
158
Buccal cavity of Ancylostoma duodenale adult
2 pairs of teeth
159
Copulatory Bursa of Ancylostoma duodenale adult
tripartate (3 digits)
Simple and not barbed
160
Parasite that are able to grow with or without host
Facultative parasite
161
Common name of Strongyloides stercoralis
thread worm
162
Final host of Strongyloides stercoralis
man
163
Habitat of Free living stage of Strongyloides stercoralis
soil (indirect or heterogenic form)
164
Habitat of parasitic stage Strongyloides stercoralis
Small intestine (direct/homogenic form)
165
Diagnostic stage of Strongyloides stercoralis
rhabditiform larva
166
Infective stage of Strongyloides stercoralis
3rd stage larva (filariform)
167
MOT of Strongyloides stercoralis
Skin penetration of infective larva
Autoinfection
Hyperinfection
168
Pathology of Strongyloides stercoralis larva
Allergic reaction
Pneumonitis
169
Pneumonitis presents what pneumonia?
Loeffler's pneumonia
170
Pathology of Strongyloides stercoralis adult
Cochin-china diarrhea
171
Other term used for Cochin-china diarrhea
Vietnamese Diarrhea
172
It is some kind of intermittent diarrhea
Cochin-china diarrhea
173
what does intestinal mucosa appear-like when you have cochin-china diarrhea?
Honeycomb appearance
174
First report among french soldiers with diarrhea returning from indo-china region (cochin-china vietnam)
Cochin-china diarrhea
175
Morphilogy of Strongyloides stercoralis adult
considered parthenogenic as it does not need male to fertilize ovum
with long esophagus and notched tail
176
Morphology of Strongyloides stercoralis ovum
clear, thin-shelled
have chinese lanterne appearance
indistinguishable with hookworm ova
177
Morphology of Strongyloides stercoralis larva
Rhabditiform:
Buccal Cavity: ________
Genital Primordium: ________
Filariform:
Sheath:________
Tail: _______
Rhabditiform:
Buccal Cavity: short buccal Cavity
Genital Primordium: prominent genital primordium
Filariform:
Sheath: unsheathed
Tail: notched tail
178
It requires host to complete life cycle
Obligate parasite
179
Harada-mori stool culture technique is also known as
test tube culture technique
180
It is for recovery of nematode larva
Harada-mori stool culture technique
181
stool sample is smeared in a filter paper strip and then palced in a conical/test tube with small amount of distilled water. The test tube is then allowed to stand at room temperature for up to 10 days
48-72 hours: _______
up to 7 days: _______
48-72 hours: Rhabditiform larva
up to 7 days: Filariform larva
182
duodenal aspiration technique used for Strongyloides stercoralis
Beale's string test
183
May also be used to recover S. strongyloides ova and larva in duodenal aspirates
Beale's string test
184
Other parasites recovered in Beale's string test
S. strongyloides ova and larva
G. lamblia trophozoite
Cryptosporidium spp. / Cryptosporidium parvum
Isospora belli / Cystoisoporabelli
Fasciola hepatica ova
Clonorchis sinensis ova
185
roundworms that do not usually inhabit the intestine
Extraintestinal nematodes
186
Habitat of filarial worms
Lymphatics
Subcutaneous
Body cavity
187
Final host of Filarial worms
Man
188
Intermediate host of Filarial worms
Arthropod vectors
189
Diagnostic stage of Filarial worms
Microfilaria
190
larval stage of filarial worms
Microfilaria
191
Infective Stage of Filarial worms (intemediate)
Microfilaria
192
Infective stage of Filarial worms (final host)
Filariform larva
193
MOT of Filarial worms
Vector borne
194
what are two types of vector?
1. Biologic Vector
2. Phoretic/mechanical vector
195
Essential for growth of parasite to continue life cycle
Biologic Vector
196
Not needed by parasite
Can transmit parasites from one organism to another but not essential for growth
Phoretic/mechanical vector
197
Phenomenon whereby parasites are present in the bloodstream for only a specific time period
Periodicity
198
Night time
Nocturnal
199
No clear cut of occurrence
Subperiodic Nocturnal
200
Daytime
Diurnal
201
Anytime
Nonperiodic
202
Most prevalent specie of filarial worm in the PH
Most commonly identified that infects man
Wuchereria bancrofti
203
Common name of Wuchereria bancrofti
Bancroft’s filarial worm
204
Habitat of Bancroft’s filarial worm
Lymphatics
205
Vectors of Bancroft’s filarial worm
Mosquito
Aedes spp.
Anopheles spp.
Culex spp.
206
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of Bancroft’s filarial worm
Microfilaria
207
Morphology of microfilaria (Bancroft’s filarial worm)
Sheathed
Nuclei us absent in tail
208
Specimen targeted by microfilaria (Bancroft’s filarial worm) is?
Blood
209
periodicity of microfilaria of Bancroft’s filarial worm
Nocturnal
210
Common name of Brugia malayi
Malayan filarial worm
211
Habitat of Brugia malayi
Lymphatics
212
Vectors of Brugia malayi
Mosquito
Mansonia spp.
Anopheles spp.
213
Infective and diagnostic stage of Brugia malayi
Microfilaria
214
morphology of microfilaria (Brugia malayi)
sheathed and has 2 separate nuclei in tail
215
Specimen targeted by microfilaria (Brugia malayi) is?
Blood
216
periodicity of microfilaria of Brugia malayi
subperiodic Nocturnal
217
PATHOLOGY (W. bancrofti & B. malayi) due to microfilaria
Tropic Pulmonary Eosinophilia
- Presented with asthmatic attacks
- Increased eosinophil count
- High IgE antibody level
218
one of the most debilitating diseases that infects tropical countries; 2nd leading cause of permanent and long term disability
Lymphatic Filariasis
219
PATHOLOGY (W. bancrofti & B. malayi) due to adult
Elephantiasis
Genito-urinary Lesion/Hydrocele
220
enlargement and hardening of the limbs due to tissue swelling
Elephantiasis
221
Common among males, enlargement of testes
Genito-urinary Lesion / Hydrocele
222
1st leading cause of permanent and long term disability
Psychiatric illness
223
What filarial worm has lower elephantiasis (Bancroftian Filariasis)?
Wuchereria bancrofti
224
What filarial worm has upper elephantiasis (Malayan Filariasis)?
Brugia malayi
225
An emerging specie of Brugia
A Lymphatic filarial worm
Occurs in Indonesian archipelago (Timor and Flores Islands)
Brugia timori
226
Common name of Brugia timori
Timorian filariasis
227
Vector of Brugia timori
Mosquito (Anopheles)
228
Microfilaria is same with Brugia malayi but smaller
T or F
F (larger)
229
means worm worm
Loa loa
230
common name of loa loa
Eye worm
231
Habitat of loa loa
Subcutaneous and Tissues
232
Vectors of loa loa
Fly (Chrysops spp.)
Tabanid fly
Mango fly
Deer fly
233
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of loa loa
Microfilaria
234
Morphology of microfilaria (loa loa)
Sheathed
Nuclei continuous up to the tip of the tail
235
swelling of subcutaneous tissues
calabar Swelling / Fugitive Swelling
236
Pathology of loa loa
calabar Swelling / Fugitive Swelling
237
specimen targeted by loa loa is
blood
238
Periodicity of loa loa
Diurnal
239
common name of Onchocerca volvulus
Convoluted worm
Blinding worm
River blindness worm
Gale filarienne
240
habitat of Onchocerca volvulus
Subcutaneous and Tissues
241
Vectors of Onchocerca volvulus
Blackfly (Simulium spp.)
242
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of Onchocerca volvulus
Microfilaria
243
morphology of microfilaria (Onchocerca volvulus)
sheathed
nuceli is absent in the tail
244
Pathology of Onchocerca volvulus
River Blindness
2nd most common cause of preventive blindness next to Trachoma (C. trachomatis)
Leading cause of blindness in endemic areas
245
causes ocular lesions which could lead to blindness
River Blindness
246
Specimen of Onchocerca volvulus
skin snips
247
periodicity of Onchocerca volvulus
nonperiodic
248
common names of Mansonella perstans
Perstan’s filaria
Dipetalonema perstans (old)
249
habitat of Mansonella perstans
body cavities
250
vectors of Mansonella perstans
Biting Midges / Gnats (Culicoides spp.)
251
Infective stage and diagnostic stage of Mansonella perstans
microfilaria
252
Morphology of microfilaria (Mansonella perstans)
unsheathed
nuclei up to the tip of the tail
253
Pathology of Mansonella perstans
Non-pathogenic filarial worm
254
Periodicity of Mansonella perstans
Nonperiodic
255
Mansonella ozzardi common name
New World filaria
256
Mansonella ozzardi habitat
body cavities
257
Mansonella ozzardi vectors
Biting Midges / Gnats (Culicoides spp.)
258
morphology of microfilaria (Mansonella ozzardi)
unsheathed
nuclei absent in tail
259
Mansonella ozzardi pathology
Non-pathogenic filarial worm
260
Mansonella ozzardi periodicity
nonperiodic
261
Specimen in laboratory diagnosis in Filarial worm
Blood, skin snips
262
to demonstrate presence of live microfilaria from the blood sample
wet smears
263
method of choice
to demonstrate the structure of the microfilaria
Giemsa-stained blood smears
264
stimulates microfilaria to come out to the peripheral circulation
Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) Provocative Test
265
Antigen Detection Technique
Circulating Filarial Antigen (CFA)
266
uses swinney filter: everything are not filtered except for microfilaria
Membrane Filtration
267
Used to primarily detect microfilariae
Reagent: 2% Formalin (destroy RBC to easily visualize microfilaria)
Knott’s Technique
268
stain used in Knott’s Technique
Giemsa stain
269
Trichinella spiralis
common names
Muscle Worm
Trichina Worm
270
Trichinella spiralis
FINAL HOST / INTERMEDIATE HOST
Pigs, Rat
Man (dead-end host)
271
Trichinella spiralis habitat
Adult: small intestine
Larva: skeletal muscle
272
Trichinella spiralis diagnostic and infective stage
Encysted larva
273
MOT of Trichinella spiralis
Ingestion of encysted larva (from the intermediate host)
274
MORPHOLOGY
Adult Male Trichinella spiralis
with conical papillae
275
MORPHOLOGY
Adult female Trichinella spiralis
with club-shaped uterus
viviparous - lays larva
276
MORPHOLOGY
larva Trichinella spiralis
Coiled which is encysted in the nurse cell (only cell capable of supporting Trichinella) of striated muscle
277
Pathology of Trichinella spiralis
Adult: Diarrhea and abdominal pain
Larva:
Eosinophilia
Muscle pain at the site of encystation, edema
Eyelid Edema
278
Great imitator
Trichinella spiralis
279
specimen used in laboratory diagnosis of Trichinella spiralis
Muscle biopsy
280
serologic test to detect Trichinella spiralis antibody in patient’s serum
Bentonite Flocculation Test
281
Trichinella extract is injected intradermally, swelling of the area means presence of antibody
Intradermal Bachmann Test
282
uses test animal (albino rats) which are fed with muscle samples suspected to contain encysted larva → muscle biopsy
Beck’s Xenodiagnosis
283
Longest nematode of man
Dracunculus medinensis
284
coiled anterior end
Adult male or female
Adult Male
285
prominent rounded anterior end
Adult male or female
Adult Female
286
common names of Dracunculus medinensis
Guinea worm
Dragon worm
Medina worm
Fiery Serpent of Israelites
287
Definitive host or final host of Dracunculus medinensis
Man
288
Intermediate host of Dracunculus medinensis
Crustaceans
Copepods
Cyclops
289
Dracunculus medinensis habitat
Adult subcutaneous tissues
290
Dracunculus medinensis diagnostic stage
adult
291
Dracunculus medinensis infective stage
Filariform larvae
292
MOT of Dracunculus medinensis
Ingestion of infected copepods
293
pathology of Dracunculus medinensis
Dracunculiasis or Guinea Worm Disease
294
lesions in the subcutaneous tissue
Dracunculiasis or Guinea Worm Disease
295
Treatment for Dracunculiasis or Guinea Worm Disease
Worm Extraction
- manual removal of worm
1. Immersion of affected body part to water
2. Wound is cleaned
3. Worm extraction
4. Topical antibiotics
5. Aspirin / Ibuprofen prescription
296
Angiostrongylus cantonensis new name
Parastrongylus cantonensis
297
Angiostrongylus cantonensis common name
rat lungworm
298
Natural or final host of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
rats
299
Angiostrongylus cantonensis intermediate hosts
Mollusks (snail)
Pila luzonica (kuhol)
Brotia asperata (suso)
300
Angiostrongylus cantonensis habitat
CNS
301
Angiostrongylus cantonensis diagnostic stage
Adult female worm (has uterine tubules in spiral arrangement, giving a barber’s pole appearance)
302
Angiostrongylus cantonensis infective stage
larva
303
MOT of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
ingestion of intermediate hosts with infective larva
304
Morphology of adult female Angiostrongylus cantonensis
with uterine tubules in spiral arrangement
305
pathology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
306
larva migrates to the brain and spinal cord
Eosinophilic Meningoencephalitis
307
Resides in the pulmonary tract and lungs in infected humans
Dirofilaria immitis
308
Dirofilaria immitis common name
dog heartworm
309
Dirofilaria immitis definitive host
dog
310
Dirofilaria immitis intermediate host
mosquito
311
Dirofilaria immitis habitat
circulatory systems of dogs
312
Dirofilaria immitis infective stage
Filariform larva
313
MOT of Dirofilaria immitis
vector borne
314
Dirofilaria immitis pathology
Coin Lesions
315
Produce soliutary, peripheral nodules in the lungs
Coin Lesions
316
Common in Japan
Anisakis spp.
317
Anisakis spp. common name
Herring's worm
318
Anisakis spp. definitive host
Dolphins, whales
319
Intermediate hosts
1st IH: Copepods
2nd IH: Small fishes
3rd IH: Larger fishes (salmon)
320
Anisakis spp. habitat
Muscles intermediate hosts
321
Anisakis spp. infective stage
larva
322
Anisakis spp. MOT
ingestion of raw fish with infective larva
323
pathology of Anisakis spp
Abdominal pain and granuloma due to migrating larva in intestinal wall
