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Parasitology finals study > Nematodes - roundworms > Flashcards

Nematodes - roundworms Flashcards

(36 cards)

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1
Q

*Ancylostoma Caninum

A 
Common Name: Canine hookworm
Zoonotic: Yes
Hosts: Dogs
Additional Hosts: Parentenic 
Site of infection: Small Intestine
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: Percutaneous, per os, ingestion, transplacental, transmammary 
Clinical Signs: Diarrhoea, pneumonia
PPP: 2 - 3 weeks
Life cycle: Direct life cycle
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2
Q

Ancylostoma Tubaeforme

A

Same as Ancylostoma canium but in a cat

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3
Q

*Ancylostoma braziliense

A 
Zoonotic: Yes - most zoonotic of all ancylostoma spp. 
Hosts: Dogs and Cats
Additional Hosts: N/A
Site of infection: Small intestine 
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: Cutaneous
Clinical Signs:
PPP:
Life cycle:
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4
Q

Uncinaria stenocephala

A 
Zoonotic: Yes - but rare 
Hosts: Dogs and cats
Additional Hosts: Parentenic
Site of infection: Small intestine 
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: Per os, percutaneous
Clinical Signs: anaemia, diarrhoea, interdigitial dermatitis
PPP: 2 - 3 weeks
Life cycle: Direct
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5
Q

*Strongylus vulgaris

A

Common Name: Large strongyles - “red worms”
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: equine
Additional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: two ear-shaped teeth in mouth capsule
Site of infection: Large intestine
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: Per os
Clinical Signs: thrombo-embolus, colic, fever, anaemia
PPP: 6 months
Life cycle: direct
Larval migration: arterial vessels of intestine
Method of Diagnosis: McMaster, ultrasound

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6
Q

Strongylus edentates

A

Same as strongylus vulgaris

Characteristics: Globular mouth capsule
PPP: 11 months
Larval migration: liver and abdominal tissues

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7
Q

Strongylus equinus

A

same as storngylus vulgaris

Characteristics: globular mouth capsule
PPP: 9 months
Larval migration: liver and pancrease

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8
Q

Cyathostomins

A 
Common Name: small strongyles 
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Equine (#1 parasite in horses) 
Additional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: rectangular mouth capsule
Site of infection: large intestinal 
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: per os 
Clinical Signs: Chornic diarrhoea, colic 
PPP: 1.5 - 4 months 
Life cycle: Direct
Method of Diagnosis: McMaster
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9
Q

*Syngamus trachea

A

Common Name: Gapeworm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Avian species
Additional Hosts: PH: earthworm –> increase transmission of mammomonaguamus spp.)
Characteristics: Males and females form a Y - monogamous; eggs have operculum at both poles
Site of infection: trachea or lungs
Infective Stage: L3 or PH
Mode of Infection: Ingestion
Clinical Signs: upper respiratory tract infection –> gasping for air
PPP: 18 - 21 days
Life cycle: Larvae in egg (2 - 7 days) –> L3 in egg is hatched –> migration from liver to lungs to trachea
Method of Diagnosis: Simple floatation or McMaster

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10
Q

Oesophagostomum spp.

A 
Common Name: Nodular worm or pimply worm 
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: cattle, sheep, goats, swine
Additional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: n/a
Site of infection: Adults - large intestine; larvae - small intestine 
Infective Stage: L3
Mode of Infection: ingestion 
Clinical Signs: Poor sow syndrome (pigs)
PPP: 3 - 8 weeks 
Life cycle: n/a
Method of Diagnosis: clinical signs, egg count, necrospy
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11
Q

*Ostertagia ostertagi

A

Common name: Brown stomach worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: cattle (#1 parasite for cattle)
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: Moroccan leather & bottle jaw
Site of Infection: abomasum
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs:
Type I: summer ostertagiosis - morbidity high, mortality low; bottle jaw
Type II: Winter ostertagiosis - morbidity low, high mortality; sever bottle jaw
PPP: 21 days
Life cycle: Direct; arrested development at L4
Method of Diagnosis: McMaster; egg culture

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12
Q

Teladorsagia circumcincta

A

Similar to ostertagia ostertagi

Host: sheep and goats
PPP: 21 days
PPR is common

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13
Q

Hyostrongylus rubidus

A 
Common name: Stomach worm 
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Swine
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: stomach
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: L3
PPP: 21 days
Life cycle: Direct 
Method of Diagnosis: Faecal float
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14
Q

*Haemonchus contortus

A 
Common name: Barber pole worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Sheep and Goats (#1 killer in sheeps and goats)
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: barber pole appearance
Site of Infection: abomasum 
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: bottle jaw
PPP: 3 - 4 weeks
Life cycle: Direct; PPR is common
Method of Diagnosis: Season; history; faecal egg count; FAMACHA
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15
Q

Haemonchus placei

A

Same as Haemonchus contortus

Host: Cattle

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16
Q

Cooperia spp.

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A

host: Cattle, sheep, and goats
Characteristic: Coiled-spring appearance
One of the most common nematodes found in cattle

17
Q

*Dictyocaulus viviparous

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A 
Common name: Lung worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Bovine
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: lungs
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: coughing
PPP: n/a
Life cycle: direct
Method of Diagnosis: history & Baermann
18
Q

Dictyocaulus ilarial

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A

Same as dictyocaulus viviparous

host: Sheep and goats

19
Q

Dictyocaulus arniefldi

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A 
Common name: Lungworm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Donkeys (non-pathogenic); Horses
Addtional Hosts: n/a
Characteristics: n/a
Site of Infection: lungs
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: chronic cough
PPP: n/a
Life cycle: direct
Method of Diagnosis: Baermann
20
Q

Nematodirus spp.

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A 
Common name: Long neck bankrupt worm
Host: sheep, goats, and cattle
Characteristics: females have a "spine" at the posterior end 
Site of infection: Small intestine
Diagnostic stage: L3
PPP: 3 weeks
21
Q

Metastrongylus spp.

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A 
Common name: Lungworm of pigs
Zoonotic: yes
Hosts: Pigs
Addtional Hosts: IH - earthworm
Characteristics: Slender white worm; kink at posterior end of L1
Site of Infection: Lungs
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: coughing
PPP: 4 weeks
Life cycle: Indirect - requires IH
Diagnostic stage: L3
Method of Diagnosis: Baermann
22
Q

Muellerius spp.

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A 
Common name: Lung worm 
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: Sheep and goats
Addtional Hosts: IH - Molluscs
Characteristics: Kink of tail in L1
Site of Infection: Lungs
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: pneumonia
PPP: 6 - 10 weeks
Life cycle: indirect; requires IH
Diagnostic Stage: L3
Method of Diagnosis: Baermann; "lead shot" lungs
23
Q

*Parelaphostrongyluls tenuis

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A

Common name: Meningeal worm
Zoonotic: no
Hosts: White-tailed deer
Addtional Hosts: IH - Mullsuc; Aberrant host - equine, sheep, goats
Site of Infection: nervous tissue in aberrant host
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: neurological disease in aberrant host
PPP: n/a
Method of Diagnosis: clinical signs; presence of white-tailed dear near pasture

24
Q

Aelurostrongylus abstrusus

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A 
Common name: Cat lungworm
Zoonotic: no
Host: cats
Additional host: IH - snails & slugs; PH - birds, rodents, frogs
Characteristics: Kink in tail of L1
Site of infection: Lungs
Mode of infection: ingestion
Clinical signs: cough
Life cycle: Indirect 
PPP: 6 - 12 weeks 
Diagnostic stage: L3
Method of diagnosis: Baermann
25
Oslerus oserli
``` Common name: Tracheal worm Zoonotic: no Host: dogs Additional host: n/a Characteristics: Kink tail in L1 Site of infection: lungs Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: coughing Life cycle: direct PPP: 10 - 18 weeks Diagnostic stage: found worldwide in kennels Method of diagnosis: "millet seed" nodules in lungs ```
26
Strongyloides stercoalis
Common name: thread worm Zoonotic: yes Host: Dogs and cats Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 found inside egg Site of infection: Small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, prenatal, transmammary Clinical signs: Diarrhoea; urticaria (hives) Life cycle: Only adult females found in small intestine PPP: 8 - 14 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Baermann if egg has hatched, faecal float if L1 is still in egg
27
Strongyloides westeri
``` Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: yes - unable to develop into adult in humans Host: Equine Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 inside egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, transmammary Clinical signs: diarrhoea Life cycle: direct PPP: 8 - 14 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float ```
28
Strongyloides papillosus
``` Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: yes - forms small lesions Host: sheep, goats and cattle Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 inside egg Site of infection: Small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous Clinical signs: diarrhoea Life cycle: direct; larval migration from small intestine to lungs and back PPP: 8 - 14 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float ```
29
Strongyloides ransomi
``` Common name: Thread worm Zoonotic: no Host: Swine Additional host: n/a Characteristics: L1 in egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, percutaneous, transmammary Clinical signs: dehydration and weight loss Life cycle: direct PPP: < 2 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Faecal float; piglets can die before eggs are produced ```
30
*Toxocara canis
Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes - causes visceral and ocular larval migrans Host: Canine Additional host: PH - rodents and birds Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, transplacental or prenatal, transmammary Clinical signs: intestinal obstruction --> potbelly; entire namatodes passed in faeces Life cycle: direct; hepatic-tracheal migration PPP: 3 - 10 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: Pot belly, faecal float,
31
* Toxocara cati
``` Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes - rare Host: Feline Additional host: PH Characteristics: n/a Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion, transmammary Clinical signs: pneumonia Life cycle: direct PPP: 4 - 8 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: faecal float ```
32
Toxacaris leonina
Host: dogs and cats PPP: 10 - 11 weeks Most common in cooler weather
33
Parascaris equorum
``` Common name: n/a Zoonotic: no Host: Equine Additional host: PH Characteristics: adults have 3 lips Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: pneumonia, coughing Life cycle: direct PPP: 10 - 12 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster ```
34
*Ascaris suum
``` Common name: n/a Zoonotic: yes - not well understood Host: Swine Additional host: PH - earthworms and dung beetles Characteristics: very large Site of infection: Intestine and liver Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: pneumonia Life cycle: direct PPP: 4 - 8 weeks Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster. poor feed conversion, Milk spots (condemned liver) ```
35
Ascaridia spp.
``` Common name: roundworms Zoonotic: no Host: Chicken, domestic fowl Additional host: PH - earthworms Characteristics: largest nematode in poultry; thick shelled egg Site of infection: small intestine Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: loss of appetite, ruffled feathers, diarrhoea Life cycle: Direct PPP: 28 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster, obstructions in small intestine ```
36
Heterakis spp
``` Common name: Poultry cecal worm Zoonotic: no Host: Domestic fowl Additional host: IH - earthworm Characteristics: smaller than Ascaridia spp. Site of infection: Cecum Mode of infection: ingestion Clinical signs: Diarrhoea Life cycle: similar to Ascaridia PPP: 24 - 30 days Diagnostic stage: L3 Method of diagnosis: McMaster ```

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