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Maternal Newborn > Neonatal Assessment > Flashcards

Neonatal Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Normal APGAR value for a newborn?

A

7-10

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2
Q

What is the definition of APGAR

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respirations
each given a score ranging 0-2

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3
Q

What is the usual gestation age for a newborn?

A

38-40 weeks (how far along the pregnancy is)
Babies born before 37 weeks are considered premature

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4
Q

Definition of SGA, AGA, and LGA, percentile of all, and what the definitions are based on?

A

SGA = small for gestational age (<10%)
AGA = average for gestational age (10-90%)
LGA = large for gestational age (>90%)
BASED ON = weight, head circumference, and length

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5
Q

What is acrocyanosis and when is it seen?

A

When the baby’s trunk is pink but extremities are blue = present/normal the first 48 hours of life

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6
Q

What is molding?

A

abnormal head shape that results from pressure on baby’s head during birth; suture lines overlap. THIS IS NORMAL TO BE SEEN

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7
Q

Breastfeeding pattern?

A

every 2-3 hours
feed on demand
avg = 10-15 min per breast

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8
Q

Bottle feeding pattern?

A

10-30mL every 2-4 hours

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9
Q

When should the newborn void?

A

within first 24 hours

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10
Q

When should the newborn have a BM?

A

within the first 24 hours = called meconium

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11
Q

What is a normal temp for a newborn and where is it taken?

A

36.5-37.5 Celsius; axillary

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12
Q

What is a normal HR for a newborn?

A

110/120-160/bpm
regular or irregular and MURMUR may be present

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13
Q

What is a normal RR for a newborn?

A

40-60/min
irregular/abnormal

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14
Q

What is a normal BP for a newborn?

A

60-90/20-60 mmHg

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15
Q

What should a newborns blood sugar be at?

A

> 45

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16
Q

What is the Coomb’s Test and what should the reading be?

A

to see if antibodies are attacking baby’s red blood cells and creating disease/infection etc.; should read NEGATIVE

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17
Q

If bilirubin is taken, what is the normal level?

A

less than 12mg/dl

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18
Q

What are the findings of Caput Succedaneum?

A

-onset = as head becomes engaged in pelvis
-location = scalp that had pressure on cervix
-composition = serosanguinous
-duration = last couple of days after birth

19
Q

What are the findings of Cephalohematoma?

A

-onset = at birth
-location = periosteum of skull bone
-composition = pooling of blood
-duration = can take weeks to resolve

20
Q

What are the four mechanisms of heat loss?

A

-evaporation
-conduction
-convection
-radiation

21
Q

What is radiation?

A

NEAR cool object like placed NEXT to a window

22
Q

What is conduction?

A

placed ON cooler surface like ON a weight scale

23
Q

What is convection?

A

EXPOSURE to cold air like NOT properly dressed

24
Q

What is evaporation?

A

heat loss by fluid evaporating like WET body exposed

25
Q

What are the neonatal medications given?

A

Vitamin K, Ilotycin Ophthalmic, Hep B Vaccine

26
Q

What is the dose, site, time, and route given of Vitamin K?

A

dose = 0.5-1mg
time = at birth
site = vastus lateralis
route = IM

27
Q

What is the dose, site, time, and route given of Ilotycin?

A

dose = 1-2cm strip
time = within 1 hr of birth
route/site = both eyes

28
Q

What is the dose, site, time, and route given of Hep B?

A

dose = 10mcg
time = after birth
site = vastus lateralis
route = IM

29
Q

What is the rooting reflex and its characteristics?

A

-turns head toward stimulus and opens mouth
-HOW TO: touch lip, cheek, corner of mouth
-DISAPPEARS: 1-6 months

30
Q

What is the moro reflex and its characteristics?

A

-flexion/extensions of arms and legs
-HOW TO: startle
-DISAPPEARS: 4-6 months

31
Q

What is the tonic neck relfex and its characteristics?

A

-faces one side, arm and leg same side will extend and opposite arm and leg flex (fencing posture_
-HOW TO: infant supine, turn head to one side
-DISAPPEARS: 3-4 months

32
Q

What is palmer/plantar grasp reflex and its characteristics?

A

-fingers and toes curl around persons finger when pressure applied
-HOW TO: place finger in palm/ball of infants hand/foot
-DISAPPEARS: Palmer (3-4 months), Plantar (8 months)

33
Q

What is stepping reflex and its characterisitcs?

A

-stimulate walking
-HOW TO: hold upright and allow one foot to touch surface
-DISAPPEARS: 3-4 weeks

34
Q

What is a newborn’s soft spot on their head?

A

Fontanels
-anterior fontanel is diamond shaped (3cm by 2cm) and lies at the junction of sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures (closes by 18mo of birth)
-posterior fontanel is triangular (1cm by 2cm) and lies at the junction of two parietal bones and occipital bone (closes 6-8 weeks after birth)

35
Q

Causes for white patches in a baby’s mouth?

A

oral fungal infections (THRUSH) and can be caused by overgrowth of yeast in the mouth; EPSTEIN PEARLS happen when skin of baby’s mouth becomes trapped during development and fills with keratin

36
Q

Why does the baby’s feet look clubbed and turn funny?

A

NORMAL in first few months of life; similar to how they were in the womb and should change as baby grows and develops

37
Q

Why would a baby look cone-headed?

A

babies heads form and change when pushed through the vaginal birth canal for easier delivery. NORMAL and will resolve shortly

38
Q

2 PROS and 2 CONS of circumcision?

A

PROS:
-fewer infections/easier to wash and keep clean
-decreased risk of STI’s
CONS:
-can be expensive
-surgical cx = cause injury or infection

39
Q

Home cares of circumcision babies for parents?

A

GOMCO: apply vaseline and gauze to area for FIRST 24 hours, loose fitting diaper, do NOT take yellow exudate off (sign of healing)
PLASTIBELL: loose fitting diaper, ring will fall off within 7-10 days

40
Q

Home cares of uncircumcised baby?

A

warm water and mild soap for cleaning, wait for its OWN RETRACTION do not force it for the first time d/t injury; change diapers OFTEN to avoid infection

41
Q

Home cares of umbilical cord and expected healing progression?

A

-stump will harden and turn dark purple/brown/black
-wash GENTLY c mild soap and warm water
-do NOT submerge in water until stump falls off
-should NOT be red (contact physician)

42
Q

Correct way to use a bulb syringe?

A

place on SIDES on mouth NOT middle; suction mouth before nose; squeeze bulb and slowly release when inside nose/mouth to pick up secretions

43
Q
A

Maternal Newborn (5 decks)

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